mirror of https://github.com/vapor/docs.git
556 lines
24 KiB
HTML
556 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|
|
|
<title>Vapor Documentation</title>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand:400,700,300">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/1.5/styles/vapor-code.css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/1.5/styles/main.css">
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
<header>
|
|
<a class="logo" href="/1.5/">
|
|
<img src="/1.5/images/droplet.svg" alt="Vapor">
|
|
<h1>Vapor <em>Docs</em></h1>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="http://vapor.codes">Home</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="http://example.vapor.codes">Example</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vapor/vapor">GitHub</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://twitter.com/@codevapor">Twitter</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="http://vapor.team">Slack</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</header>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav>
|
|
<a href="#" class="toggle show">☰</a>
|
|
<a href="#" class="toggle close">×</a>
|
|
|
|
<div class="scroll">
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Getting Started</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/getting-started/install-swift-3-macos.html">
|
|
Install Swift 3: macOS
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/getting-started/install-swift-3-ubuntu.html">
|
|
Install Swift 3: Ubuntu
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/getting-started/install-toolbox.html">
|
|
Install Toolbox
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/getting-started/hello-world.html">
|
|
Hello, World
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/getting-started/manual.html">
|
|
Manual
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/getting-started/xcode.html">
|
|
Xcode
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Guide</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/droplet.html">
|
|
Droplet
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/folder-structure.html">
|
|
Folder Structure
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/json.html">
|
|
JSON
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/config.html">
|
|
Config
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/views.html">
|
|
Views
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/leaf.html">
|
|
Leaf
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/controllers.html">
|
|
Controllers
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/middleware.html">
|
|
Middleware
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/validation.html">
|
|
Validation
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/provider.html">
|
|
Provider
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/sessions.html">
|
|
Sessions
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/hash.html">
|
|
Hash
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/guide/commands.html">
|
|
Commands
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Routing</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/routing/basic.html">
|
|
Basic
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="active">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/routing/parameters.html">
|
|
Route Parameters
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/routing/query-parameters.html">
|
|
Query Parameters
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/routing/group.html">
|
|
Group
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/routing/collection.html">
|
|
Collection
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Fluent</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/fluent/driver.html">
|
|
Driver
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/fluent/model.html">
|
|
Model
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/fluent/query.html">
|
|
Query
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/fluent/relation.html">
|
|
Relation
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Auth</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/auth/user.html">
|
|
User
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/auth/middleware.html">
|
|
Middleware
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/auth/request.html">
|
|
Request
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/auth/protect.html">
|
|
Protect
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>HTTP</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/request.html">
|
|
Request
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/response.html">
|
|
Response
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/body.html">
|
|
Body
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/response-representable.html">
|
|
ResponseRepresentable
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/responder.html">
|
|
Responder
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/client.html">
|
|
Client
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/server.html">
|
|
Server
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/http/cors.html">
|
|
CORS
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>WebSockets</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/websockets/droplet.html">
|
|
Droplet
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/websockets/custom.html">
|
|
Custom
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Testing</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/testing/modules.html">
|
|
Modules
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/testing/basic.html">
|
|
Basic
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Deploy</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/deploy/nginx.html">
|
|
Nginx
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/deploy/supervisor.html">
|
|
Supervisor
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h3>Version (1.5)</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/switch/1_5.html">
|
|
1.5
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="">
|
|
<a href="/1.5/switch/2_0.html">
|
|
2.0
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
<main>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vapor/documentation/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md" class="edit">✎ Edit on GitHub</a>
|
|
<h1 id="routing-parameters">Routing Parameters</h1>
|
|
<p>Traditional web frameworks leave room for error in routing by using strings for route parameter names and types. Vapor takes advantage of Swift's closures to provide a safer and more intuitive method for accessing route parameters.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="type-safe">Type Safe</h2>
|
|
<p>To create a type safe route simply replace one of the parts of your path with a <code>Type</code>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("users", Int.self) { request, userId in
|
|
return "You requested User #\(userId)"
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>This creates a route that matches <code>users/:id</code> where the <code>:id</code> is an <code>Int</code>. Here's what it would look like using manual route parameters.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("users", ":id") { request in
|
|
guard let userId = request.parameters["id"]?.int else {
|
|
throw Abort.badRequest
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return "You requested User #\(userId)"
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Here you can see that type safe routing saves ~3 lines of code and also prevents runtime errors like misspelling <code>:id</code>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="string-initializable">String Initializable</h2>
|
|
<p>Any type that conforms to <code>StringInitializable</code> can be used as a type-safe routing parameter. By default, the following types conform:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>String</li>
|
|
<li>Int</li>
|
|
<li>Model</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p><code>String</code> is the most generic and always matches. <code>Int</code> only matches when the string supplied can be turned into an integer. <code>Model</code> only matches when the string, used as an identifier, can be used to find the model in the database.</p>
|
|
<p>Our previous example with users can be further simplified.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("users", User.self) { request, user in
|
|
return "You requested \(user.name)"
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Here the identifier supplied is automatically used to lookup a user. For example, if <code>/users/5</code> is requested, the <code>User</code> model will be asked for a user with identifier <code>5</code>. If one is found, the request succeeds and the closure is called. If not, a not found error is thrown.</p>
|
|
<p>Here is what this would look like if model didn't conform to <code>StringInitializable</code>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("users", Int.self) { request, userId in
|
|
guard let user = try User.find(userId) else {
|
|
throw Abort.notFound
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return "You requested User #\(userId)"
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Altogether, type safe routing can save around 6 lines of code from each route.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="protocol">Protocol</h3>
|
|
<p>Conforming your own types to <code>StringInitializable</code> is easy.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">public protocol StringInitializable {
|
|
init?(from string: String) throws
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>Here is what <code>Model</code>'s conformance looks like for those who are curious.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">extension Model {
|
|
public init?(from string: String) throws {
|
|
if let model = try Self.find(string) {
|
|
self = model
|
|
} else {
|
|
return nil
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>The <code>init</code> method can both <code>throw</code> and return <code>nil</code>. This allows you to <code>throw</code> your own errors. Or, if you want the default error and behavior, just return <code>nil</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="limits">Limits</h3>
|
|
<p>Type safe routing is currently limited to three path parts. This is usually remedied by adding route <a href="group.html">groups</a>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.group("v1", "users") { users in
|
|
users.get(User.self, "posts", Post.self) { request, user, post in
|
|
return "Requested \(post.name) for \(user.name)"
|
|
}
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<p>The resulting path for the above example is <code>/v1/users/:userId/posts/:postId</code>. If you are clamoring for more type safe routing, please let us know and we can look into increasing the limit of three.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="manual">Manual</h2>
|
|
<p>As shown briefly above, you are still free to do traditional routing. This can be useful for especially complex situations.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("v1", "users", ":userId", "posts", ":postId", "comments", ":commentId") { request in
|
|
let userId = try request.parameters.extract("userId") as Int
|
|
let postId = try request.parameters.extract("postId") as Int
|
|
let commentId = try request.parameters.extract("commentId") as Int
|
|
|
|
return "You requested comment #\(commentId) for post #\(postId) for user #\(userId)"
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>Property <code>request.parameters</code> is used to extract parameters encoded in the URI <em>path</em> (for example, <code>/v1/users/1</code> has a parameter <code>:userId</code> equal to <code>"1"</code>). In case of parameters passed as a part of a <em>query</em> (e.g. <code>/v1/search-user?userId=1</code>), the <code>request.data</code> should be used (e.g. <code>let userId = request.data["userId"]?.string</code>).</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>Request parameters can be accessed either as a dictionary or using the <code>extract</code> syntax which throws instead of returning an optional.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="groups">Groups</h3>
|
|
<p>Manual request parameters also work with <a href="group.html">groups</a>.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-swift">let userGroup = drop.grouped("users", ":userId")
|
|
userGroup.get("messages") { req in
|
|
let user = try req.parameters.extract("userId") as User
|
|
}</code></pre>
|
|
</main>
|
|
|
|
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.0.min.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="/1.5/scripts/highlight.pack.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
hljs.registerLanguage("leaf", function (hljs) {
|
|
/* Author: Hale Chan <halechan@qq.com> */
|
|
return {
|
|
c: [
|
|
{
|
|
cN: 'function',
|
|
b: '#+',
|
|
e: '[)] ',
|
|
rB: true,
|
|
eE: false,
|
|
c : [
|
|
{
|
|
b: '[(]',
|
|
e: '[)]',
|
|
eE: true,
|
|
c: [
|
|
{
|
|
cN: 'string',
|
|
b: '"',
|
|
e: '"'
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
cN: 'title',
|
|
b: '[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*'
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
cN: 'keyword',
|
|
b: '#+([A-Za-z$_][0-9A-Za-z$_]*)?',
|
|
eP: true
|
|
},
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
};
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
$(function() {
|
|
// Syntax highlighting
|
|
hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();
|
|
|
|
if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Safari') != -1 && navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome') == -1) {
|
|
$('body').addClass('safari');
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
$('h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6').each(function(key, item) {
|
|
var $item = $(item);
|
|
var id = $item.attr('id');
|
|
if (id) {
|
|
var link = $('<a>');
|
|
link.attr('href', '#' + id);
|
|
$item.wrap(link);
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
$('a.toggle').on('click', function(e){
|
|
e.preventDefault();
|
|
console.log('hi');
|
|
var body = $('body');
|
|
if (body.hasClass('toggled')) {
|
|
body.removeClass('toggled');
|
|
} else {
|
|
body.addClass('toggled');
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
var lastScroll = 0;
|
|
var isUp = false;
|
|
var win = $(window);
|
|
|
|
win.on('scroll', function(){
|
|
var scrollTop = win.scrollTop();
|
|
var scrollBottom = win.scrollTop() + win.height();
|
|
var docHeight = $(document).height();
|
|
|
|
if ( scrollTop < 0 || scrollBottom >= docHeight ){
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (scrollTop > (lastScroll + 0) && scrollTop >= 0) {
|
|
if (!isUp) {
|
|
$('a.toggle.show').addClass('hide')
|
|
}
|
|
isUp = true;
|
|
lastScroll = scrollTop;
|
|
} else if (scrollTop < (lastScroll - 0)) {
|
|
if (isUp) {
|
|
$('a.toggle.show').removeClass('hide')
|
|
}
|
|
isUp = false;
|
|
lastScroll = scrollTop;
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// scroll to the active nav item
|
|
$("nav .scroll").animate({
|
|
scrollTop: $("nav .active").offset().top - 157
|
|
}, 0);
|
|
|
|
// var lastScrollTop = 0;
|
|
// $(window).scroll(function(event){
|
|
// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
|
|
// if (st > lastScrollTop){
|
|
// $('a.toggle.show').addClass('hide')
|
|
// } else {
|
|
// $('a.toggle.show').removeClass('hide')
|
|
// }
|
|
// lastScrollTop = st;
|
|
// });
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
|
|
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
|
|
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
|
|
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
|
|
|
|
ga('create', 'UA-76177358-4', 'auto');
|
|
ga('send', 'pageview');
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|