mirror of https://github.com/vapor/docs.git
562 lines
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HTML
562 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<title>Vapor Documentation</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand:400,700,300">
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<body>
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<header>
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<a class="logo" href="/1.5/">
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<img src="/1.5/images/droplet.svg" alt="Vapor">
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<h1>Vapor <em>Docs</em></h1>
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</a>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="http://vapor.codes">Home</a>
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<a href="http://example.vapor.codes">Example</a>
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<a href="https://github.com/vapor/vapor">GitHub</a>
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<a href="https://twitter.com/@codevapor">Twitter</a>
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<a href="http://vapor.team">Slack</a>
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<section>
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<h3>Getting Started</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/getting-started/install-swift-3-macos.html">
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Install Swift 3: macOS
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/getting-started/install-swift-3-ubuntu.html">
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Install Swift 3: Ubuntu
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<a href="/1.5/getting-started/install-toolbox.html">
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Install Toolbox
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<a href="/1.5/getting-started/hello-world.html">
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Hello, World
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<a href="/1.5/getting-started/manual.html">
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Manual
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Xcode
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<section>
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<h3>Guide</h3>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/guide/droplet.html">
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Droplet
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Folder Structure
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JSON
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Config
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Views
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Leaf
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<a href="/1.5/guide/controllers.html">
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Controllers
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<a href="/1.5/guide/middleware.html">
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Middleware
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<a href="/1.5/guide/validation.html">
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Validation
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<a href="/1.5/guide/provider.html">
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Provider
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<a href="/1.5/guide/sessions.html">
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Sessions
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Hash
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<a href="/1.5/guide/commands.html">
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Commands
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Routing</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="active">
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<a href="/1.5/routing/basic.html">
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Basic
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/routing/parameters.html">
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Route Parameters
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/routing/query-parameters.html">
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Query Parameters
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/routing/group.html">
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Group
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/routing/collection.html">
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Collection
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</a>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Fluent</h3>
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<ul>
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<a href="/1.5/fluent/driver.html">
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Driver
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<a href="/1.5/fluent/model.html">
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Model
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</a>
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<a href="/1.5/fluent/query.html">
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Query
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/fluent/relation.html">
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Relation
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</a>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Auth</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/auth/user.html">
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User
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</a>
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<a href="/1.5/auth/middleware.html">
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Middleware
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/auth/request.html">
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Request
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/auth/protect.html">
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Protect
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>HTTP</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/request.html">
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Request
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/response.html">
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Response
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/body.html">
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Body
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/response-representable.html">
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ResponseRepresentable
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/responder.html">
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Responder
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/client.html">
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Client
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</a>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/server.html">
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Server
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/http/cors.html">
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CORS
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>WebSockets</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/websockets/droplet.html">
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Droplet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/websockets/custom.html">
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Custom
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Testing</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/testing/modules.html">
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Modules
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/testing/basic.html">
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Basic
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Deploy</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/deploy/nginx.html">
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Nginx
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/deploy/supervisor.html">
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Supervisor
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Version (1.5)</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/switch/1_5.html">
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1.5
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="">
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<a href="/1.5/switch/2_0.html">
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2.0
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<main>
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<a href="https://github.com/vapor/documentation/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md" class="edit">✎ Edit on GitHub</a>
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<h1 id="basic-routing">Basic Routing</h1>
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<p>Routing is one of the most critical parts of a web framework. The router decides which requests get which responses.</p>
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<p>Vapor has a plethora of functionality for routing including route builders, groups, and collections. In this section, we will look at the basics of routing.</p>
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<h2 id="register">Register</h2>
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<p>The most basic route includes a method, path, and closure.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("welcome") { request in
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return "Hello"
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}</code></pre>
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<p>The standard HTTP methods are available including <code>get</code>, <code>post</code>, <code>put</code>, <code>patch</code>, <code>delete</code>, and <code>options</code>.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.post("form") { request in
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return "Submitted with a POST request"
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}</code></pre>
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<p>You can also use <code>any</code> to match all methods.</p>
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<h2 id="nesting">Nesting</h2>
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<p>To nest paths (adding <code>/</code>s in the URL), simply add commas.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("foo", "bar", "baz") { request in
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return "You requested /foo/bar/baz"
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}</code></pre>
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<p>You can also use <code>/</code>, but commas are often easier to type and work better with type safe route <a href="parameters.html">parameters</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="alternate">Alternate</h2>
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<p>An alternate syntax that accepts a <code>Method</code> as the first parameter is also available.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.add(.trace, "welcome") { request in
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return "Hello"
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}</code></pre>
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<p>This may be useful if you want to register routes dynamically or use a less common method.</p>
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<h2 id="request">Request</h2>
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<p>Each route closure is given a single <a href="../http/request.html">Request</a>. This contains all of the data associated with the request that led to your route closure being called.</p>
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<h2 id="response-representable">Response Representable</h2>
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<p>A route closure can return in three ways:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>Response</code></li>
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<li><code>ResponseRepresentable</code></li>
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<li><code>throw</code></li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="response">Response</h3>
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<p>A custom <a href="../http/response.html">Response</a> can be returned.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("vapor") { request in
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return Response(redirect: "http://vapor.codes")
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}</code></pre>
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<p>This is useful for creating special responses like redirects. It is also useful for cases where you want to add cookies or other items to the response.</p>
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<h3 id="response-representable-1">Response Representable</h3>
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<p>As you have seen in the previous examples, <code>String</code>s can be returned in route closures. This is because they conform to <a href="../http/response-representable.html">ResponseRepresentable</a></p>
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<p>A lot of types in Vapor conform to this protocol by default:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>String</li>
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<li>Int</li>
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<li>JSON</li>
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<li>Model</li>
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</ul>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("json") { request in
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return try JSON(node: [
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"number": 123,
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"text": "unicorns",
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"bool": false
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])
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}</code></pre>
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<blockquote>
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<p>If you are curious about what <code>node:</code> means, read more about <a href="https://github.com/vapor/node">Node</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h3 id="throwing">Throwing</h3>
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<p>If you are unable to return a response, you may <code>throw</code> any object that conforms to <code>Error</code>. Vapor comes with a default error enum <code>Abort</code>.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("404") { request in
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throw Abort.notFound
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}</code></pre>
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<p>You can customize the message of these errors by using <code>Abort</code></p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">drop.get("error") { request in
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throw Abort.custom(status: .badRequest, message: "Sorry 😱")
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}</code></pre>
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<p>These errors are caught by default in the <code>AbortMiddleware</code> where they are turned into a JSON response like the following.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">{
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error: true,
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message: "<the message>"
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}</code></pre>
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<p>If you want to override this behavior, remove the <code>AbortMiddleware</code> from the <code>Droplet</code>'s middleware and add your own.</p>
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<h2 id="fallback">Fallback</h2>
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<p>Fallback routes allow you to match multiple layers of nesting slashes.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-swift">app.get("anything", "*") { request in
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return "Matches anything after /anything"
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}</code></pre>
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<p>For example, the above route matches all of the following and more:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>/anything</li>
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<li>/anything/foo</li>
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<li>/anything/foo/bar</li>
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<li>/anything/foo/bar/baz</li>
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<li>...</li>
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</ul>
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</main>
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<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.0.min.js"></script>
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<script src="/1.5/scripts/highlight.pack.js"></script>
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<script>
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}, 0);
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// var lastScrollTop = 0;
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// $(window).scroll(function(event){
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// var st = $(this).scrollTop();
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// if (st > lastScrollTop){
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// $('a.toggle.show').addClass('hide')
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// } else {
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// $('a.toggle.show').removeClass('hide')
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// }
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// lastScrollTop = st;
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// });
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});
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</script>
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<script>
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(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
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(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
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m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
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})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
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ga('create', 'UA-76177358-4', 'auto');
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ga('send', 'pageview');
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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