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<a href="https://github.com/vapor/documentation/edit/master/3.0/docs/service/services.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-icon md-content__icon">&#xE3C9;</a>
<h1 id="using-services">Using Services<a class="headerlink" href="#using-services" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>This guide will show you how to register, configure, and create your own service. In this example we will be assuming two different <code>Logger</code> implementations.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>PrintLogger</code>: Prints logs.</li>
<li><code>FileLogger</code>: Saves logs to a file. Already conforms to <code>ServiceType</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="register">Register<a class="headerlink" href="#register" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Let's take a look at how we can register our <code>PrintLogger</code>. First you must conform your type to <code>Service</code>. The easiest way to do this is simply adding the conformance in an extension.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">extension</span> <span class="nc">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Service</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>It's an empty protocol so there should be no missing requirements.</p>
<h3 id="factory">Factory<a class="headerlink" href="#factory" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Now the service can be registered to the <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Structs/Services.html"><code>Services</code></a> struct. This is usually done in <a href="../getting-started/structure/#configureswift"><code>configure.swift</code></a>.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">container</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>By registering the <code>PrintLogger</code> using a factory (closure) method, we allow the <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/Container.html"><code>Container</code></a> to dynamically create the service once it is needed. Any <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/SubContainer.html"><code>SubContainer</code></a>s created later can call this method again to create their own <code>PrintLogger</code>s.</p>
<h3 id="service-type">Service Type<a class="headerlink" href="#service-type" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>To make registering a service easier, you can conform it to <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/ServiceType.html"><code>ServiceType</code></a>.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">extension</span> <span class="nc">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ServiceType</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">/// See `ServiceType`.</span>
<span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">serviceSupports</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Any</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">Type</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">/// See `ServiceType`.</span>
<span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">makeService</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">worker</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Container</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">throws</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">PrintLogger</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Services conforming to <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/ServiceType.html"><code>ServiceType</code></a> can be registered using just the type name. This will automatically conform to <code>Service</code> as well.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="instance">Instance<a class="headerlink" href="#instance" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>You can also register pre-initialized instances to <code>Services</code>.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="k">as</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>If using reference types (<code>class</code>) this method will share the <em>same</em> object between all <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/Container.html"><code>Container</code></a>s and <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/SubContainer.html"><code>SubContainer</code></a>s.
Be careful to protect against race conditions.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="configure">Configure<a class="headerlink" href="#configure" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>If more than one service is registered for a given interface, we will need to choose which service is used.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FileLogger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Assuming the above services are registered, we can use service <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Structs/Config.html"><code>Config</code></a> to pick which one we want.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">env</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">production</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">config</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">prefer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FileLogger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">for</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">config</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">prefer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PrintLogger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">for</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Here we are using the <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Structs/Environment.html"><code>Environment</code></a> to dynamically prefer a service. This is usually done in <a href="../getting-started/structure/#configureswift"><code>configure.swift</code></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You can also dynamically <em>register</em> services based on environment instead of using service config.
However, service config is required for choosing services that come from the framework or a provider.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="create">Create<a class="headerlink" href="#create" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>After you have registered your services, you can use a <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Protocols/Container.html"><code>Container</code></a> to create them.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">logger</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">someContainer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">logger</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello, world!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// PrintLogger or FileLogger depending on the container&#39;s environment</span>
<span class="bp">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">of</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">logger</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>Usually the framework will create any required containers for you. You can use <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/service/latest/Service/Classes/BasicContainer.html"><code>BasicContainer</code></a> if you want to create one for testing.</p>
</div>
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