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<a href="https://github.com/vapor/documentation/edit/master/3.0/docs/routing/overview.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-icon md-content__icon">&#xE3C9;</a>
<h1 id="routing-overview">Routing Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#routing-overview" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>Routing (<a href="https://github.com/vapor/routing">vapor/routing</a>) is a small framework for routing things like HTTP requests. It lets you register and lookup routes in a router using nested, dynamic path components.</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>If you use Vapor, most of Routing's APIs will be wrapped by more convenient methods. See [Vapor → Routing] for more information.</p>
</div>
<p>This guide will show you how to register a static route and a dynamic route and how to use <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/routing/latest/Routing/Protocols/Parameter.html"><code>Parameter</code></a>s.</p>
<h2 id="register">Register<a class="headerlink" href="#register" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The first step to routing is to register some routes. Let's take a look at how to do that with a simple router&mdash;a <code>TrieRouter&lt;Double&gt;</code> which holds numbers. Usually you would store something like HTTP responders, but we'll keep things simple for this example.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Create a router that stores Doubles</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">router</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">TrieRouter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">Double</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// Register some routes and values to the router</span>
<span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;funny&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;meaning_of_universe&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;funny&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;leet&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1337</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;math&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pi&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1">// Create empty Parameters to hold dynamic params (none yet)</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">params</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Parameters</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">// Test fetching some routes</span>
<span class="bp">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;fun&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;meaning_of_universe&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">// 42</span>
<span class="bp">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1">// nil</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Here we are using <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/routing/latest/Routing/Classes/TrieRouter.html#/s:7Routing10TrieRouterC8registeryAA5RouteCyxG5route_tF"><code>register(...)</code></a> to register routes to our router, then later <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/routing/latest/Routing/Classes/TrieRouter.html#/s:7Routing10TrieRouterC5routexSgSayqd__G4path_AA10ParametersVz10parameterstAA17RoutableComponentRd__lF"><code>route(...)</code></a> to fetch them. The <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/routing/latest/Routing/Classes/TrieRouter.html"><code>TrieRouter</code></a> uses a trie (digital tree) internally to make finding value in the router fast.</p>
<h2 id="parameter">Parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#parameter" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Let's take a look at registering some dynamic path components. These are parts of the path that are variable and whose value should be collected for later use. You will often see this used for situations like show a webpage for a user:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>/users/:user_id
</pre></div>
<p>Here is how you would implement that with <code>TrieRouter</code>. For this example, we will ignore the route output.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Create a route for /users/:user_id</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">user</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[.</span><span class="n">constant</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">parameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;user_id&quot;</span><span class="p">)],</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">...)</span>
<span class="c1">// Create a router and register our route</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">router</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">TrieRouter</span><span class="p">(...)</span>
<span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// Create empty Parameters to hold dynamic values</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">params</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Parameters</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">// Route the path /users/42</span>
<span class="kc">_</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;users&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;42&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// The params contains our dynamic value!</span>
<span class="bp">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// [&quot;user_id&quot;: &quot;42&quot;]</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Note that the String used for <code>.parameter(...)</code> will be the key to fetch the value from <code>Parameters</code>.</p>
<h2 id="api-docs">API Docs<a class="headerlink" href="#api-docs" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Check out the <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/routing/latest/Routing/index.html">API docs</a> for more in-depth information about all of the available parameters and methods.</p>
<h2 id="__comments">Comments</h2>
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