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Ciphers
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Random
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<a href="https://github.com/vapor/documentation/edit/master/3.0/docs/auth/web.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-icon md-content__icon">&#xE3C9;</a>
<h1 id="web-authentication">Web Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#web-authentication" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>This guide will introduce you to session-based authentication&mdash;a method of authentication commonly used for protecting web (front-end) pages. </p>
<h2 id="concept">Concept<a class="headerlink" href="#concept" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>In Computer Science (especially web frameworks), the concept of Authentication means verifying the <em>identity</em> of a user. This is not to be confused with Authorization which verifies <em>privileges</em> to a given resource</p>
<p>Session-based authentication uses cookies to re-authenticate users with each request to your website. It performs this logic via a middleware that you add to your application or specific routes.</p>
<p>You are responsible for initially authenticating the user to your application (either manually or by using methods from the <a href="../api/">Stateless (API)</a> section). Once you have authenticated the user once, the middleware will use cookies to re-authenticate the user on subsequent requests automatically. </p>
<h2 id="example">Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Let's take a look at a simple session-based authentication example.</p>
<h3 id="pre-requisites">Pre-requisites<a class="headerlink" href="#pre-requisites" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>In order to do session-based authentication, you must have a way to initially authenticate your user. In other words, you need a method for logging them in. The <a href="../api/">Stateless (API)</a> section covers some of these methods, but it's entirely up to you. </p>
<p>You will also need to have sessions configured for your application. You can learn more about this in <a href="../../vapor/sessions/">Vapor &rarr; Sessions</a>. Usually this will require adding the <code>SessionsMiddleware</code> and choosing a <code>KeyedCache</code>.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">config</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">prefer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MemoryKeyedCache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">for</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">KeyedCache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">middlewares</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">MiddlewareConfig</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">middlewares</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">use</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SessionsMiddleware</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="n">services</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">middlewares</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="model">Model<a class="headerlink" href="#model" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Once you are ready to enable session-based authentication, the first step is to conform your user model to <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/auth/latest/Authentication/Protocols/SessionAuthenticatable.html"><code>SessionAuthenticatable</code></a>. </p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">extension</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">SessionAuthenticatable</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>The conformance is empty since all of the required methods have default implementations. </p>
<h3 id="middleware">Middleware<a class="headerlink" href="#middleware" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Once your model is conformed, you can use it to create an <code>AuthenticationSessionsMiddleware</code>.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// create auth sessions middleware for user</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">session</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">authSessionsMiddleware</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">// create a route group wrapped by this middleware</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">auth</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">router</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">grouped</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">// create new route in this route group</span>
<span class="n">auth</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">req</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">String</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="c1">// </span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Create a route group wrapped by this middleware using the route grouping methods. Any routes you want to support session-based authentication should use this route group.</p>
<p>You can also apply this middleware globally to your application if you'd like.</p>
<h3 id="route">Route<a class="headerlink" href="#route" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Inside of any route closure wrapped by the session auth middleware, we can access our authenticated model using the <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/auth/latest/Authentication/Extensions/Request.html#/s:5Vapor7RequestC14AuthenticationE13authenticatedxSgxmKAD15AuthenticatableRzlF"><code>authenticated(_:)</code></a> methods.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">user</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">requireAuthenticated</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;Hello, </span><span class="si">\(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="si">)</span><span class="s">!&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Here we are using the method prefixed with <code>require</code> to throw an error if the user was not succesfully authenticated. </p>
<p>If you visit this route now, you should see a message saying no user has been authenticated. Let's resolve this by creating a way for our user to login!</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Use <a href="https://api.vapor.codes/auth/latest/Authentication/Classes/GuardAuthenticationMiddleware.html"><code>GuardAuthenticationMiddleware</code></a> to protect routes that do not call <code>requireAuthenticated(_:)</code> or otherwise require authentication.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="login">Login<a class="headerlink" href="#login" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>For the sake of this example, we will just log in a pre-defined user with a fixed ID.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">auth</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;login&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">req</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Future</span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">&gt;</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">on</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="bp">map</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="k">guard</span> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">user</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">throw</span> <span class="n">Abort</span><span class="p">(.</span><span class="n">badRequest</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">authenticate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;Logged in&quot;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Remember that this login route must go through the <code>AuthenticationSessionsMiddleware</code>. The middleware is what will detect that we have authenticated a user and later restore the authentication automatically.</p>
<p>Upon visiting <code>/hello</code>, you should recieve an error message stating that you are not logged in. If you then visit <code>/login</code> first, followed by <code>/hello</code> you should see that you are now successfully logged in!</p>
<p>If you open the inspector, you should notice a new cookie named <code>"vapor-session"</code> has been added to your browser.</p>
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