vapor-docs/build/2.0/http/response/index.html

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<a href="https://github.com/vapor/documentation/edit/master/2.0/docs/http/response.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-icon md-content__edit">edit</a>
<h1 id="response">Response<a class="headerlink" href="#response" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>When building endpoints, we'll often be returning responses for requests. If we're making outgoing requests, we'll be receiving them.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">status</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Status</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">headers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">HeaderKey</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">body</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Body</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Content</span>
</pre></div>
<h4 id="status">Status<a class="headerlink" href="#status" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>The http status associated with the event, for example <code>.ok</code> == 200 ok.</p>
<h4 id="headers">Headers<a class="headerlink" href="#headers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>These are the headers associated with the request. If you are preparing an outgoing response, this can be used to add your own keys.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">contentType</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Or for outgoing response:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">response</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">response</span> <span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;application/json&quot;</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Authorization&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="n">my</span> <span class="n">auth</span> <span class="n">token</span>
</pre></div>
<h5 id="extending-headers">Extending Headers<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-headers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
<p>We generally seek to improve code bases by removing stringly typed code where possible. We can add variables to the headers using generic extensions.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">extension</span> <span class="nc">HTTP</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">KeyAccessible</span> <span class="k">where</span> <span class="n">Key</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="n">HeaderKey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Value</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="nb">String</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">customKey</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">?</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kr">get</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Custom-Key&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kr">set</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kc">self</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Custom-Key&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">newValue</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>With this pattern implemented, our string <code>"Custom-Key"</code> is contained in one section of our code. We can now access like this:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">customKey</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customKey</span>
<span class="c1">// or</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">request</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">response</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customKey</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;my custom value&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
<h4 id="body">Body<a class="headerlink" href="#body" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h4>
<p>This is the body associated with the response and represents the general data payload. You can view more about body in the associated <a href="../body/">docs</a></p>
<p>For responses, the body is most commonly set at initialization. With two main types.</p>
<h5 id="bodyrepresentable">BodyRepresentable<a class="headerlink" href="#bodyrepresentable" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
<p>Things that can be converted to bytes, ie:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">response</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;some string&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>In the above example, the <code>String</code> will be automatically converted to a body. Your own types can do this as well.</p>
<h5 id="bytes-directly">Bytes Directly<a class="headerlink" href="#bytes-directly" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
<p>If we already have our bytes array, we can pass it into the body like so:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">response</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myArrayOfBytes</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
<h5 id="chunked">Chunked<a class="headerlink" href="#chunked" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h5>
<p>To send an <code>HTTP.Response</code> in chunks, we can pass a closure that we'll use to send our response body in parts.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">response</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">chunker</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;joe&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pam&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;cheryl&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">chunker</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">chunker</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Make sure to call <code>close()</code> before the chunker leaves scope.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="content">Content<a class="headerlink" href="#content" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>We can access content the same we do in a <a href="../request/">request</a>. This most commonly applies to outgoing requests.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">pokemonResponse</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">drop</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">client</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;http://pokeapi.co/api/v2/pokemon/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">names</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">pokemonResponse</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;results&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">]?.</span><span class="n">array</span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="json">JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#json" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>To access JSON directly on a given response, use the following:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">json</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="key-paths">Key Paths<a class="headerlink" href="#key-paths" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>For more on KeyPaths, visit <a href="../request/#key-paths">here</a></p>
<h2 id="serving-files">Serving Files<a class="headerlink" href="#serving-files" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>If you are simply looking to serve files from your public directory,
it may be useful to look at 'FileMiddleware' instead.</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">res</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="k">try</span> <span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;/path/to/file.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Use this to initialize a file response for the exact file path.
If using from a public folder for example, the file name should be appended
to the public directory, ie: <code>drop.publicDir + "myFile.cool"</code></p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Response</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filePath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ifNoneMatch</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">?</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">chunkSize</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">2048</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kr">throws</span>
</pre></div>
<p>If none match represents an ETag that will be used to check if the file has
changed since the last load by the client. This allows clients like browsers
to cache their files and avoid downloading resources unnecessarily.
Most often calculated w/ https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-3.2</p>
<p>For an example of how this is used, look at 'FileMiddleware'.</p>
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