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<main>
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<h1 id="debugging-bootstrap"><a class="header" href="#debugging-bootstrap">Debugging bootstrap</a></h1>
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<p>There are two main ways to debug bootstrap itself. The first is through println logging, and the second is through the <code>tracing</code> feature.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>FIXME: this section should be expanded</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="println-logging"><a class="header" href="#println-logging"><code>println</code> logging</a></h2>
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<p>Bootstrap has extensive unstructured logging. Most of it is gated behind the <code>--verbose</code> flag (pass <code>-vv</code> for even more detail).</p>
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<p>If you want to know which <code>Step</code> ran a command, you could invoke bootstrap like so:</p>
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<pre><code>$ ./x dist rustc --dry-run -vv
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learning about cargo
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running: RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP="1" "/home/jyn/src/rust2/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage0/bin/cargo" "metadata" "--format-version" "1" "--no-deps" "--manifest-path" "/home/jyn/src/rust2/Cargo.toml" (failure_mode=Exit) (created at src/bootstrap/src/core/metadata.rs:81:25, executed at src/bootstrap/src/core/metadata.rs:92:50)
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running: RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP="1" "/home/jyn/src/rust2/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage0/bin/cargo" "metadata" "--format-version" "1" "--no-deps" "--manifest-path" "/home/jyn/src/rust2/library/Cargo.toml" (failure_mode=Exit) (created at src/bootstrap/src/core/metadata.rs:81:25, executed at src/bootstrap/src/core/metadata.rs:92:50)
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> Assemble { target_compiler: Compiler { stage: 1, host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu } }
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> Libdir { compiler: Compiler { stage: 1, host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }, target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
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> Sysroot { compiler: Compiler { stage: 1, host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }, force_recompile: false }
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Removing sysroot /home/jyn/src/rust2/build/tmp-dry-run/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage1 to avoid caching bugs
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< Sysroot { compiler: Compiler { stage: 1, host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }, force_recompile: false }
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< Libdir { compiler: Compiler { stage: 1, host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }, target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }
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...
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</code></pre>
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<p>This will go through all the recursive dependency calculations, where <code>Step</code>s internally call <code>builder.ensure()</code>, without actually running cargo or the compiler.</p>
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<p>In some cases, even this may not be enough logging (if so, please add more!). In that case, you can omit <code>--dry-run</code>, which will show the normal output inline with the debug logging:</p>
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<pre><code> c Sysroot { compiler: Compiler { stage: 0, host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu }, force_recompile: false }
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using sysroot /home/jyn/src/rust2/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage0-sysroot
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Building stage0 library artifacts (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
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running: cd "/home/jyn/src/rust2" && env ... RUSTC_VERBOSE="2" RUSTC_WRAPPER="/home/jyn/src/rust2/build/bootstrap/debug/rustc" "/home/jyn/src/rust2/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage0/bin/cargo" "build" "--target" "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" "-Zbinary-dep-depinfo" "-Zroot-dir=/home/jyn/src/rust2" "-v" "-v" "--manifest-path" "/home/jyn/src/rust2/library/sysroot/Cargo.toml" "--message-format" "json-render-diagnostics"
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0.293440230s INFO prepare_target{force=false package_id=sysroot v0.0.0 (/home/jyn/src/rust2/library/sysroot) target="sysroot"}: cargo::core::compiler::fingerprint: fingerprint error for sysroot v0.0.0 (/home/jyn/src/rust2/library/sysroot)/Build/TargetInner { name_inferred: true, ..: lib_target("sysroot", ["lib"], "/home/jyn/src/rust2/library/sysroot/src/lib.rs", Edition2021) }
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...
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</code></pre>
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<p>In most cases this should not be necessary.</p>
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<p>TODO: we should convert all this to structured logging so it's easier to control precisely.</p>
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<h2 id="tracing-in-bootstrap"><a class="header" href="#tracing-in-bootstrap"><code>tracing</code> in bootstrap</a></h2>
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<p>Bootstrap has conditional <a href="https://docs.rs/tracing/0.1.41/tracing/index.html"><code>tracing</code></a> setup to provide structured logging.</p>
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<h3 id="enabling-tracing-output"><a class="header" href="#enabling-tracing-output">Enabling <code>tracing</code> output</a></h3>
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<p>Bootstrap will conditionally build <code>tracing</code> support and enable <code>tracing</code> output if the <code>BOOTSTRAP_TRACING</code> env var is set.</p>
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<h4 id="basic-usage"><a class="header" href="#basic-usage">Basic usage</a></h4>
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<p>Example basic usage<sup class="footnote-reference" id="fr-just-trace-1"><a href="#footnote-just-trace">1</a></sup>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ BOOTSTRAP_TRACING=bootstrap=TRACE ./x build library --stage 1
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</code></pre>
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<p>Example output<sup class="footnote-reference" id="fr-unstable-1"><a href="#footnote-unstable">2</a></sup>:</p>
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<pre><code>$ BOOTSTRAP_TRACING=bootstrap=TRACE ./x check src/bootstrap/
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Building bootstrap
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Compiling bootstrap v0.0.0 (/home/joe/repos/rust/src/bootstrap)
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Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized] target(s) in 2.74s
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DEBUG bootstrap parsing flags
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bootstrap::core::config::flags::Flags::parse args=["check", "src/bootstrap/"]
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DEBUG bootstrap parsing config based on flags
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DEBUG bootstrap creating new build based on config
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bootstrap::Build::build
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TRACE bootstrap setting up job management
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TRACE bootstrap downloading rustfmt early
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bootstrap::handling hardcoded subcommands (Format, Suggest, Perf)
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DEBUG bootstrap not a hardcoded subcommand; returning to normal handling, cmd=Check { all_targets: false }
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DEBUG bootstrap handling subcommand normally
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bootstrap::executing real run
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bootstrap::(1) executing dry-run sanity-check
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bootstrap::(2) executing actual run
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Checking stage0 library artifacts (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
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Finished `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.04s
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Checking stage0 compiler artifacts {rustc-main, rustc_abi, rustc_arena, rustc_ast, rustc_ast_ir, rustc_ast_lowering, rustc_ast_passes, rustc_ast_pretty, rustc_attr_data_structures, rustc_attr_parsing, rustc_baked_icu_data, rustc_borrowck, rustc_builtin_macros, rustc_codegen_llvm, rustc_codegen_ssa, rustc_const_eval, rustc_data_structures, rustc_driver, rustc_driver_impl, rustc_error_codes, rustc_error_messages, rustc_errors, rustc_expand, rustc_feature, rustc_fluent_macro, rustc_fs_util, rustc_graphviz, rustc_hir, rustc_hir_analysis, rustc_hir_pretty, rustc_hir_typeck, rustc_incremental, rustc_index, rustc_index_macros, rustc_infer, rustc_interface, rustc_lexer, rustc_lint, rustc_lint_defs, rustc_llvm, rustc_log, rustc_macros, rustc_metadata, rustc_middle, rustc_mir_build, rustc_mir_dataflow, rustc_mir_transform, rustc_monomorphize, rustc_next_trait_solver, rustc_parse, rustc_parse_format, rustc_passes, rustc_pattern_analysis, rustc_privacy, rustc_query_impl, rustc_query_system, rustc_resolve, rustc_sanitizers, rustc_serialize, rustc_session, rustc_smir, rustc_span, rustc_symbol_mangling, rustc_target, rustc_trait_selection, rustc_traits, rustc_transmute, rustc_ty_utils, rustc_type_ir, rustc_type_ir_macros, stable_mir} (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
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Finished `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.23s
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Checking stage0 bootstrap artifacts (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
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Checking bootstrap v0.0.0 (/home/joe/repos/rust/src/bootstrap)
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Finished `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.64s
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DEBUG bootstrap checking for postponed test failures from `test --no-fail-fast`
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Build completed successfully in 0:00:08
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="controlling-tracing-output"><a class="header" href="#controlling-tracing-output">Controlling tracing output</a></h4>
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<p>The env var <code>BOOTSTRAP_TRACING</code> accepts a <a href="https://docs.rs/tracing-subscriber/0.3.19/tracing_subscriber/filter/struct.EnvFilter.html"><code>tracing</code> env-filter</a>.</p>
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<p>There are two orthogonal ways to control which kind of tracing logs you want:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>You can specify the log <strong>level</strong>, e.g. <code>DEBUG</code> or <code>TRACE</code>.</li>
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<li>You can also control the log <strong>target</strong>, e.g. <code>bootstrap</code> or <code>bootstrap::core::config</code> vs custom targets like <code>CONFIG_HANDLING</code>.
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<ul>
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<li>Custom targets are used to limit what is output when <code>BOOTSTRAP_TRACING=bootstrap=TRACE</code> is used, as they can be too verbose even for <code>TRACE</code> level by default. Currently used custom targets:
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<ul>
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<li><code>CONFIG_HANDLING</code></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The <code>TRACE</code> filter will enable <em>all</em> <code>trace</code> level or less verbose level tracing output.</p>
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<p>You can of course combine them (custom target logs are typically gated behind <code>TRACE</code> log level additionally):</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ BOOTSTRAP_TRACING=CONFIG_HANDLING=TRACE ./x build library --stage 1
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</code></pre>
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<h5 id="fixme96176-specific-tracing-for-compiler-vs-compiler_for"><a class="header" href="#fixme96176-specific-tracing-for-compiler-vs-compiler_for">FIXME(#96176): specific tracing for <code>compiler()</code> vs <code>compiler_for()</code></a></h5>
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<p>The additional targets <code>COMPILER</code> and <code>COMPILER_FOR</code> are used to help trace what
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<code>builder.compiler()</code> and <code>builder.compiler_for()</code> does. They should be removed
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if <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/96176">#96176</a> is resolved.</p>
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<h3 id="using-tracing-in-bootstrap"><a class="header" href="#using-tracing-in-bootstrap">Using <code>tracing</code> in bootstrap</a></h3>
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<p>Both <code>tracing::*</code> macros and the <code>tracing::instrument</code> proc-macro attribute need to be gated behind <code>tracing</code> feature. Examples:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-rs">#[cfg(feature = "tracing")]
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use tracing::instrument;
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struct Foo;
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impl Step for Foo {
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type Output = ();
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#[cfg_attr(feature = "tracing", instrument(level = "trace", name = "Foo::should_run", skip_all))]
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fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
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trace!(?run, "entered Foo::should_run");
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todo!()
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}
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#[cfg_attr(
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feature = "tracing",
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instrument(
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level = "trace",
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name = "Foo::run",
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skip_all,
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fields(compiler = ?builder.compiler),
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),
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)]
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fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Self::Output {
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trace!(?run, "entered Foo::run");
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todo!()
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>For <code>#[instrument]</code>, it's recommended to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Gate it behind <code>trace</code> level for fine-granularity, possibly <code>debug</code> level for core functions.</li>
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<li>Explicitly pick an instrumentation name via <code>name = ".."</code> to distinguish between e.g. <code>run</code> of different steps.</li>
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<li>Take care to not cause diverging behavior via tracing, e.g. building extra things only when tracing infra is enabled.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="profiling-bootstrap"><a class="header" href="#profiling-bootstrap">Profiling bootstrap</a></h3>
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<p>You can use the <code>COMMAND</code> tracing target to trace execution of most commands spawned by bootstrap. If you also use the <code>BOOTSTRAP_PROFILE=1</code> environment variable, bootstrap will generate a Chrome JSON trace file, which can be visualized in Chrome's <code>chrome://tracing</code> page or on https://ui.perfetto.dev.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">$ BOOTSTRAP_TRACING=COMMAND=trace BOOTSTRAP_PROFILE=1 ./x build library
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="rust-analyzer-integration"><a class="header" href="#rust-analyzer-integration">rust-analyzer integration?</a></h3>
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<p>Unfortunately, because bootstrap is a <code>rust-analyzer.linkedProjects</code>, you can't ask r-a to check/build bootstrap itself with <code>tracing</code> feature enabled to get relevant completions, due to lack of support as described in <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-analyzer/issues/8521">https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-analyzer/issues/8521</a>.</p>
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<hr>
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<ol class="footnote-definition"><li id="footnote-just-trace">
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<p>It is not recommended to use <em>just</em> <code>BOOTSTRAP_TRACING=TRACE</code> because that will dump <em>everything</em> at <code>TRACE</code> level, including logs intentionally gated behind custom targets as they are too verbose even for <code>TRACE</code> level by default. <a href="#fr-just-trace-1">↩</a></p>
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</li>
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<li id="footnote-unstable">
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<p>This output is always subject to further changes. <a href="#fr-unstable-1">↩</a></p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</main>
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