Update for TyCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx> -> TyCtxt<'tcx>.
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Item | Kind | Short description | Chapter |
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`TraitDef` | struct | This struct contains a trait's definition with type information | [The `ty` modules] | [src/librustc/ty/trait_def.rs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc/ty/trait_def/struct.TraitDef.html)
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`TraitRef` | struct | The combination of a trait and its input types (e.g. `P0: Trait<P1...Pn>`) | [Trait Solving: Goals and Clauses], [Trait Solving: Lowering impls] | [src/librustc/ty/sty.rs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc/ty/struct.TraitRef.html)
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`Ty<'tcx>` | struct | This is the internal representation of a type used for type checking | [Type checking] | [src/librustc/ty/mod.rs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc/ty/type.Ty.html)
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`TyCtxt<'cx, 'tcx, 'tcx>` | struct | The "typing context". This is the central data structure in the compiler. It is the context that you use to perform all manner of queries | [The `ty` modules] | [src/librustc/ty/context.rs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc/ty/struct.TyCtxt.html)
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`TyCtxt<'tcx>` | struct | The "typing context". This is the central data structure in the compiler. It is the context that you use to perform all manner of queries | [The `ty` modules] | [src/librustc/ty/context.rs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc/ty/struct.TyCtxt.html)
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[The HIR]: ../hir.html
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[Identifiers in the HIR]: ../hir.html#hir-id
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@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ early-bound lifetime | a lifetime region that is substituted at its definiti
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empty type | see "uninhabited type".
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Fat pointer | a two word value carrying the address of some value, along with some further information necessary to put the value to use. Rust includes two kinds of "fat pointers": references to slices, and trait objects. A reference to a slice carries the starting address of the slice and its length. A trait object carries a value's address and a pointer to the trait's implementation appropriate to that value. "Fat pointers" are also known as "wide pointers", and "double pointers".
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free variable | a "free variable" is one that is not bound within an expression or term; see [the background chapter for more](./background.html#free-vs-bound)
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'gcx | the lifetime of the global arena ([see more](../ty.html))
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generics | the set of generic type parameters defined on a type or item
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HIR | the High-level IR, created by lowering and desugaring the AST ([see more](../hir.html))
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HirId | identifies a particular node in the HIR by combining a def-id with an "intra-definition offset".
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ stack backtrace:
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If you want line numbers for the stack trace, you can enable `debug = true` in
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your config.toml and rebuild the compiler (`debuginfo-level = 1` will also add
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line numbers, but `debug = true` gives full debuginfo). Then the backtrace will
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line numbers, but `debug = true` gives full debuginfo). Then the backtrace will
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look like this:
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```text
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@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ note: Some details are omitted, run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=full` for a verbose
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backtrace.
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stack backtrace:
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(~~~ IRRELEVANT PART OF BACKTRACE REMOVED BY ME ~~~)
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7: rustc::traits::error_reporting::<impl rustc::infer::InferCtxt<'a, 'gcx,
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'tcx>>::report_selection_error
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7: rustc::traits::error_reporting::<impl rustc::infer::InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>>
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::report_selection_error
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at /home/user/rust/src/librustc/traits/error_reporting.rs:823
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8: rustc::traits::error_reporting::<impl rustc::infer::InferCtxt<'a, 'gcx,
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'tcx>>::report_fulfillment_errors
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8: rustc::traits::error_reporting::<impl rustc::infer::InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx>>
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::report_fulfillment_errors
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at /home/user/rust/src/librustc/traits/error_reporting.rs:160
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at /home/user/rust/src/librustc/traits/error_reporting.rs:112
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9: rustc_typeck::check::FnCtxt::select_obligations_where_possible
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@ -141,8 +141,7 @@ to the compiler.
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- `cx` tends to be short for "context" and is often used as a suffix. For
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example, `tcx` is a common name for the [Typing Context][tcx].
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- [`'tcx` and `'gcx`][tcx] are used as the lifetime names for the Typing
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Context.
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- [`'tcx`][tcx] is used as the lifetim names for the Typing Context.
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- Because `crate` is a keyword, if you need a variable to represent something
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crate-related, often the spelling is changed to `krate`.
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ state you will need while processing MIR:
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```rust,ignore
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struct MyVisitor<...> {
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tcx: TyCtxt<'cx, 'tcx, 'tcx>,
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tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
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...
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}
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```
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@ -272,9 +272,9 @@ Tree
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: : | rustc_mir::borrow_check::nll::type_check::type_check_internal (13% total, 0% self)
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: : : | core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once (5% total, 0% self)
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: : : : | rustc_mir::borrow_check::nll::type_check::liveness::generate (5% total, 3% self)
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: : : | <rustc_mir::borrow_check::nll::type_check::TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'gcx, 'tcx> as rustc::mir::visit::Visitor<'tcx>>::visit_mir (3% total, 0% self)
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: : : | <rustc_mir::borrow_check::nll::type_check::TypeVerifier<'a, 'b, 'tcx> as rustc::mir::visit::Visitor<'tcx>>::visit_mir (3% total, 0% self)
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: | rustc::mir::visit::Visitor::visit_mir (8% total, 6% self)
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: | <rustc_mir::borrow_check::MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'gcx, 'tcx> as rustc_mir::dataflow::DataflowResultsConsumer<'cx, 'tcx>>::visit_statement_entry (5% total, 0% self)
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: | <rustc_mir::borrow_check::MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> as rustc_mir::dataflow::DataflowResultsConsumer<'cx, 'tcx>>::visit_statement_entry (5% total, 0% self)
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: | rustc_mir::dataflow::do_dataflow (3% total, 0% self)
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```
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@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ Tree
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| matched `{do_mir_borrowck}` (100% total, 0% self)
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: | rustc_mir::borrow_check::nll::compute_regions (47% total, 0% self) [...]
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: | rustc::mir::visit::Visitor::visit_mir (19% total, 15% self) [...]
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: | <rustc_mir::borrow_check::MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'gcx, 'tcx> as rustc_mir::dataflow::DataflowResultsConsumer<'cx, 'tcx>>::visit_statement_entry (13% total, 0% self) [...]
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: | <rustc_mir::borrow_check::MirBorrowckCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> as rustc_mir::dataflow::DataflowResultsConsumer<'cx, 'tcx>>::visit_statement_entry (13% total, 0% self) [...]
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: | rustc_mir::dataflow::do_dataflow (8% total, 1% self) [...]
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```
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16
src/query.md
16
src/query.md
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@ -82,17 +82,15 @@ on how that works).
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Providers always have the same signature:
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```rust,ignore
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fn provider<'cx, 'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'cx, 'tcx, 'tcx>,
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key: QUERY_KEY)
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-> QUERY_RESULT
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{
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fn provider<'tcx>(
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tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
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key: QUERY_KEY,
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) -> QUERY_RESULT {
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...
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}
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```
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Providers take two arguments: the `tcx` and the query key. Note also
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that they take the *global* tcx (i.e. they use the `'tcx` lifetime
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twice), rather than taking a tcx with some active inference context.
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Providers take two arguments: the `tcx` and the query key.
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They return the result of the query.
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#### How providers are setup
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@ -103,7 +101,7 @@ is basically a big list of function pointers:
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```rust,ignore
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struct Providers {
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type_of: for<'cx, 'tcx> fn(TyCtxt<'cx, 'tcx, 'tcx>, DefId) -> Ty<'tcx>,
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type_of: for<'tcx> fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, DefId) -> Ty<'tcx>,
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...
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}
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```
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@ -144,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
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};
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}
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fn fubar<'cx, 'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'cx, 'tcx>, key: DefId) -> Fubar<'tcx> { ... }
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fn fubar<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, key: DefId) -> Fubar<'tcx> { ... }
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```
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N.B. Most of the `rustc_*` crates only provide **local
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58
src/ty.md
58
src/ty.md
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@ -11,63 +11,19 @@ compiler. It is the context that you use to perform all manner of
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queries. The struct `TyCtxt` defines a reference to this shared context:
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```rust,ignore
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tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx>
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// -- ---- ----
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// | | |
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// | | innermost arena lifetime (if any)
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// | "global arena" lifetime
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// lifetime of this reference
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tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>
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// ----
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// |
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// arena lifetime
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```
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As you can see, the `TyCtxt` type takes three lifetime parameters.
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These lifetimes are perhaps the most complex thing to understand about
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the tcx. During Rust compilation, we allocate most of our memory in
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As you can see, the `TyCtxt` type takes a lifetime parameter.
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During Rust compilation, we allocate most of our memory in
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**arenas**, which are basically pools of memory that get freed all at
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once. When you see a reference with a lifetime like `'tcx` or `'gcx`,
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once. When you see a reference with a lifetime like `'tcx`,
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you know that it refers to arena-allocated data (or data that lives as
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long as the arenas, anyhow).
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We use two distinct levels of arenas. The outer level is the "global
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arena". This arena lasts for the entire compilation: so anything you
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allocate in there is only freed once compilation is basically over
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(actually, when we shift to executing LLVM).
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To reduce peak memory usage, when we do type inference, we also use an
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inner level of arena. These arenas get thrown away once type inference
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is over. This is done because type inference generates a lot of
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"throw-away" types that are not particularly interesting after type
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inference completes, so keeping around those allocations would be
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wasteful.
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Often, we wish to write code that explicitly asserts that it is not
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taking place during inference. In that case, there is no "local"
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arena, and all the types that you can access are allocated in the
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global arena. To express this, the idea is to use the same lifetime
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for the `'gcx` and `'tcx` parameters of `TyCtxt`. Just to be a touch
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confusing, we tend to use the name `'tcx` in such contexts. Here is an
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example:
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```rust,ignore
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fn not_in_inference<'a, 'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'tcx, 'tcx>, def_id: DefId) {
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// ---- ----
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// Using the same lifetime here asserts
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// that the innermost arena accessible through
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// this reference *is* the global arena.
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}
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```
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In contrast, if we want to code that can be usable during type inference, then
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you need to declare a distinct `'gcx` and `'tcx` lifetime parameter:
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```rust,ignore
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fn maybe_in_inference<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'a, 'gcx, 'tcx>, def_id: DefId) {
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// ---- ----
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// Using different lifetimes here means that
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// the innermost arena *may* be distinct
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// from the global arena (but doesn't have to be).
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}
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```
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### Allocating and working with types
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Rust types are represented using the `Ty<'tcx>` defined in the `ty`
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@ -50,9 +50,8 @@ function and disposed of after it returns.
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[ty-ch]: ty.html
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Within the closure, `infcx` has the type `InferCtxt<'cx, 'gcx, 'tcx>`
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for some fresh `'cx` and `'tcx` – the latter corresponds to the lifetime of
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this temporary arena, and the `'cx` is the lifetime of the `InferCtxt` itself.
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Within the closure, `infcx` has the type `InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx>` for some
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fresh `'cx`, while `'tcx` is the same as outside the inference context.
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(Again, see the [`ty` chapter][ty-ch] for more details on this setup.)
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The `tcx.infer_ctxt` method actually returns a builder, which means
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