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# Code generation # Code generation
Code generation or "codegen" is the part of the compiler that actually generates Code generation or "codegen" is the part of the compiler that actually
an executable binary. rustc uses LLVM for code generation. generates an executable binary. rustc uses LLVM for code generation.
## What is LLVM? ## What is LLVM?
@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ many compiler projects, including the `clang` C compiler and our beloved
LLVM's "format `X`" is called LLVM IR. It is basically assembly code with LLVM's "format `X`" is called LLVM IR. It is basically assembly code with
additional low-level types and annotations added. These annotations are helpful additional low-level types and annotations added. These annotations are helpful
for doing optimizations on the LLVM IR and outputed machine code. The end result for doing optimizations on the LLVM IR and outputed machine code. The end
of all this is (at long last) something executable (e.g. an ELF object or wasm). result of all this is (at long last) something executable (e.g. an ELF object
or wasm).
There are a few benefits to using LLVM: There are a few benefits to using LLVM:
@ -38,8 +39,8 @@ There are a few benefits to using LLVM:
clang, and a bunch of other languages were able to compile to wasm! (Well, clang, and a bunch of other languages were able to compile to wasm! (Well,
there was some extra stuff to be done, but we were 90% there anyway). there was some extra stuff to be done, but we were 90% there anyway).
- We and other compiler projects benefit from each other. For example, when the - We and other compiler projects benefit from each other. For example, when the
[Spectre and Meltdown security vulnerabilities][spectre] were discovered, only LLVM [Spectre and Meltdown security vulnerabilities][spectre] were discovered,
needed to be patched. only LLVM needed to be patched.
[spectre]: https://meltdownattack.com/ [spectre]: https://meltdownattack.com/