diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/decl.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/decl.go
index d61d2a8b0d..69388f78be 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/decl.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/decl.go
@@ -632,8 +632,19 @@ func (check *Checker) collectTypeParams(dst **TypeParamList, list []*syntax.Fiel
 	// Declare type parameters up-front.
 	// The scope of type parameters starts at the beginning of the type parameter
 	// list (so we can have mutually recursive parameterized type bounds).
+	nblanks := 0
 	for i, f := range list {
 		tparams[i] = check.declareTypeParam(f.Name)
+		// Issue #50481: For now, disallow multiple blank type parameters because
+		// it causes problems with export data. Report an error unless we are in
+		// testing mode ("assert" is defined).
+		// We expect to lift this restriction for Go 1.19.
+		if f.Name.Value == "_" {
+			nblanks++
+			if nblanks == 2 && Universe.Lookup("assert") == nil {
+				check.softErrorf(f, "cannot have multiple blank type parameters (temporary restriction, see issue #50481)")
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Set the type parameters before collecting the type constraints because
diff --git a/src/go/types/decl.go b/src/go/types/decl.go
index 02af0d5f3e..bbd3f04b7e 100644
--- a/src/go/types/decl.go
+++ b/src/go/types/decl.go
@@ -684,8 +684,21 @@ func (check *Checker) collectTypeParams(dst **TypeParamList, list *ast.FieldList
 	// Declare type parameters up-front, with empty interface as type bound.
 	// The scope of type parameters starts at the beginning of the type parameter
 	// list (so we can have mutually recursive parameterized interfaces).
+	nblanks := 0
 	for _, f := range list.List {
 		tparams = check.declareTypeParams(tparams, f.Names)
+		// Issue #50481: For now, disallow multiple blank type parameters because
+		// it causes problems with export data. Report an error unless we are in
+		// testing mode ("assert" is defined).
+		// We expect to lift this restriction for Go 1.19.
+		for _, name := range f.Names {
+			if name.Name == "_" {
+				nblanks++
+				if nblanks == 2 && Universe.Lookup("assert") == nil {
+					check.softErrorf(name, _InvalidBlank, "cannot have multiple blank type parameters (temporary restriction, see issue #50481)")
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Set the type parameters before collecting the type constraints because
diff --git a/test/typeparam/issue50481.go b/test/typeparam/issue50481.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22d61ee29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/typeparam/issue50481.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// errorcheck
+
+// Copyright 2022 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package p
+
+type _[_ any] struct{}
+type _[_, _ any] struct{}             // ERROR "cannot have multiple blank type parameters"
+type _[_, _, _ any] struct{}          // ERROR "cannot have multiple blank type parameters"
+type _[a, _, b, _, c, _ any] struct{} // ERROR "cannot have multiple blank type parameters"
+
+func _[_ any]()                {}
+func _[_, _ any]()             {} // ERROR "cannot have multiple blank type parameters"
+func _[_, _, _ any]()          {} // ERROR "cannot have multiple blank type parameters"
+func _[a, _, b, _, c, _ any]() {} // ERROR "cannot have multiple blank type parameters"
+
+type S[P1, P2 any] struct{}
+
+func (_ S[_, _]) m() {} // this is ok