diff --git a/misc/cgo/testcshared/cshared_test.go b/misc/cgo/testcshared/cshared_test.go
index c9e9e5fe63..e4898778be 100644
--- a/misc/cgo/testcshared/cshared_test.go
+++ b/misc/cgo/testcshared/cshared_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package cshared_test
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"debug/elf"
 	"debug/pe"
@@ -838,3 +839,51 @@ func TestGo2C2Go(t *testing.T) {
 	run(t, goenv, "go", "build", "-o", bin, "./go2c2go/m2")
 	runExe(t, runenv, bin)
 }
+
+func TestIssue36233(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Test that the export header uses GoComplex64 and GoComplex128
+	// for complex types.
+
+	tmpdir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "cshared-TestIssue36233")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdir)
+
+	const exportHeader = "issue36233.h"
+
+	run(t, nil, "go", "tool", "cgo", "-exportheader", exportHeader, "-objdir", tmpdir, "./issue36233/issue36233.go")
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(exportHeader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	funcs := []struct{ name, signature string }{
+		{"exportComplex64", "GoComplex64 exportComplex64(GoComplex64 v)"},
+		{"exportComplex128", "GoComplex128 exportComplex128(GoComplex128 v)"},
+		{"exportComplexfloat", "GoComplex64 exportComplexfloat(GoComplex64 v)"},
+		{"exportComplexdouble", "GoComplex128 exportComplexdouble(GoComplex128 v)"},
+	}
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(data))
+	var found int
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		b := scanner.Bytes()
+		for _, fn := range funcs {
+			if bytes.Contains(b, []byte(fn.name)) {
+				found++
+				if !bytes.Contains(b, []byte(fn.signature)) {
+					t.Errorf("function signature mismatch; got %q, want %q", b, fn.signature)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if err = scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("scanner encountered error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if found != len(funcs) {
+		t.Error("missing functions")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/misc/cgo/testcshared/testdata/issue36233/issue36233.go b/misc/cgo/testcshared/testdata/issue36233/issue36233.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0d1e5d50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/cgo/testcshared/testdata/issue36233/issue36233.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+package main
+
+// #include <complex.h>
+import "C"
+
+//export exportComplex64
+func exportComplex64(v complex64) complex64 {
+	return v
+}
+
+//export exportComplex128
+func exportComplex128(v complex128) complex128 {
+	return v
+}
+
+//export exportComplexfloat
+func exportComplexfloat(v C.complexfloat) C.complexfloat {
+	return v
+}
+
+//export exportComplexdouble
+func exportComplexdouble(v C.complexdouble) C.complexdouble {
+	return v
+}
+
+func main() {}
diff --git a/src/cmd/cgo/out.go b/src/cmd/cgo/out.go
index 8ead173e64..adbb761e38 100644
--- a/src/cmd/cgo/out.go
+++ b/src/cmd/cgo/out.go
@@ -1399,6 +1399,19 @@ func (p *Package) cgoType(e ast.Expr) *Type {
 	case *ast.ChanType:
 		return &Type{Size: p.PtrSize, Align: p.PtrSize, C: c("GoChan")}
 	case *ast.Ident:
+		goTypesFixup := func(r *Type) *Type {
+			if r.Size == 0 { // int or uint
+				rr := new(Type)
+				*rr = *r
+				rr.Size = p.IntSize
+				rr.Align = p.IntSize
+				r = rr
+			}
+			if r.Align > p.PtrSize {
+				r.Align = p.PtrSize
+			}
+			return r
+		}
 		// Look up the type in the top level declarations.
 		// TODO: Handle types defined within a function.
 		for _, d := range p.Decl {
@@ -1417,6 +1430,17 @@ func (p *Package) cgoType(e ast.Expr) *Type {
 			}
 		}
 		if def := typedef[t.Name]; def != nil {
+			if defgo, ok := def.Go.(*ast.Ident); ok {
+				switch defgo.Name {
+				case "complex64", "complex128":
+					// MSVC does not support the _Complex keyword
+					// nor the complex macro.
+					// Use GoComplex64 and GoComplex128 instead,
+					// which are typedef-ed to a compatible type.
+					// See go.dev/issues/36233.
+					return goTypesFixup(goTypes[defgo.Name])
+				}
+			}
 			return def
 		}
 		if t.Name == "uintptr" {
@@ -1430,17 +1454,7 @@ func (p *Package) cgoType(e ast.Expr) *Type {
 			return &Type{Size: 2 * p.PtrSize, Align: p.PtrSize, C: c("GoInterface")}
 		}
 		if r, ok := goTypes[t.Name]; ok {
-			if r.Size == 0 { // int or uint
-				rr := new(Type)
-				*rr = *r
-				rr.Size = p.IntSize
-				rr.Align = p.IntSize
-				r = rr
-			}
-			if r.Align > p.PtrSize {
-				r.Align = p.PtrSize
-			}
-			return r
+			return goTypesFixup(r)
 		}
 		error_(e.Pos(), "unrecognized Go type %s", t.Name)
 		return &Type{Size: 4, Align: 4, C: c("int")}
@@ -1895,8 +1909,14 @@ typedef GoUintGOINTBITS GoUint;
 typedef size_t GoUintptr;
 typedef float GoFloat32;
 typedef double GoFloat64;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <complex.h>
+typedef _Fcomplex GoComplex64;
+typedef _Dcomplex GoComplex128;
+#else
 typedef float _Complex GoComplex64;
 typedef double _Complex GoComplex128;
+#endif
 
 /*
   static assertion to make sure the file is being used on architecture