diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/load/test.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/load/test.go
index d29f64a51c..4e85c17053 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/load/test.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/load/test.go
@@ -293,6 +293,16 @@ func TestPackagesAndErrors(ctx context.Context, done func(), opts PackageOpts, p
 
 	pb := p.Internal.Build
 	pmain.DefaultGODEBUG = defaultGODEBUG(pmain, pb.Directives, pb.TestDirectives, pb.XTestDirectives)
+	if pmain.Internal.BuildInfo != nil && pmain.DefaultGODEBUG != p.DefaultGODEBUG {
+		// The DefaultGODEBUG used to build the test main package is different from the DefaultGODEBUG
+		// used to build the package under test. That makes the BuildInfo assigned above from the package
+		// under test incorrect for the test main package. Recompute the build info for the test main
+		// package to incorporate the test main's DefaultGODEBUG value.
+		// Most test binaries do not have build info: p.Internal.BuildInfo is only computed for main
+		// packages, so ptest only inherits a non-nil BuildInfo value if the test is for package main.
+		// See issue #68053.
+		pmain.setBuildInfo(ctx, opts.AutoVCS)
+	}
 
 	// The generated main also imports testing, regexp, and os.
 	// Also the linker introduces implicit dependencies reported by LinkerDeps.
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/test_buildinfo_godebug_issue68053.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/test_buildinfo_godebug_issue68053.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1257f7352a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/test_buildinfo_godebug_issue68053.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[short] skip 'builds test binary'
+
+go list -test -f '{{.ImportPath}} {{.DefaultGODEBUG}}'
+stdout 'example.com/foo\.test.*panicnil=1.*'
+
+go test -c
+go version -m ./foo.test
+stdout 'build\tDefaultGODEBUG=.*panicnil=1.*'
+
+-- go.mod --
+module example.com/foo
+
+go 1.23
+-- main_test.go --
+//go:debug panicnil=1
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		t.Fatal(recover())
+	}()
+
+	t.Log(debug.ReadBuildInfo())
+	panic(nil)
+}
\ No newline at end of file