diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/compile.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/compile.go
index e9500a24ed..7698326f8d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/compile.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/compile.go
@@ -461,8 +461,8 @@ var passes = [...]pass{
 	{name: "short circuit", fn: shortcircuit},
 	{name: "decompose user", fn: decomposeUser, required: true},
 	{name: "pre-opt deadcode", fn: deadcode},
-	{name: "opt", fn: opt, required: true},               // NB: some generic rules know the name of the opt pass. TODO: split required rules and optimizing rules
-	{name: "zero arg cse", fn: zcse, required: true},     // required to merge OpSB values
+	{name: "opt", fn: opt, required: true},           // NB: some generic rules know the name of the opt pass. TODO: split required rules and optimizing rules
+	{name: "zero arg cse", fn: zcse, required: true}, // required to merge OpSB values
 	{name: "opt deadcode", fn: deadcode, required: true}, // remove any blocks orphaned during opt
 	{name: "generic cse", fn: cse},
 	{name: "phiopt", fn: phiopt},
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@ var passes = [...]pass{
 	{name: "check bce", fn: checkbce},
 	{name: "dse", fn: dse},
 	{name: "memcombine", fn: memcombine},
+	{name: "ilp", fn: ilp},
 	{name: "writebarrier", fn: writebarrier, required: true}, // expand write barrier ops
 	{name: "insert resched checks", fn: insertLoopReschedChecks,
 		disabled: !buildcfg.Experiment.PreemptibleLoops}, // insert resched checks in loops.
@@ -583,6 +584,8 @@ var passOrder = [...]constraint{
 	{"late fuse", "memcombine"},
 	// memcombine is a arch-independent pass.
 	{"memcombine", "lower"},
+	// ilp works best after ORs have been combined to loads
+	{"memcombine", "ilp"},
 }
 
 func init() {
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/ilp.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/ilp.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..205f52bf83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/ilp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package ssa
+
+// ilp pass (Instruction Level Parallelism) balances trees of associative computation
+// to help CPU pipeline instructions more efficiently. It only works block by block
+// so that it doesn't end up pulling loop invariant expressions into tight loops
+func ilp(f *Func) {
+	for _, b := range f.Blocks {
+		for _, v := range findRoots(b) {
+			rebalance(v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// isILPOp only returns true if the operation is associative,
+// which for our case would be only commutative integer ops.
+func isILPOp(o Op) bool {
+	// if the op isn't a commutative integer op, it won't be associative
+	if !opcodeTable[o].commutative {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// filter out float ops because they are not associative, leaving int ops
+	switch o {
+	case OpAdd32F, OpAdd64F, OpMul32F, OpMul64F:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// findRoots looks for the root of a rebalanceable expressions.
+// It does this by building a poor man's def-use chain, counting up the uses of
+// a given expression as an argument within the block. 
+// Any roots of rebalanceable expressions should have a count of zero meaning
+// they aren't used as arguments in rebalanceable expressions.
+func findRoots(b *Block) []*Value {
+	uses := make(map[*Value]int)
+	candidates := make([]*Value, 0)
+	roots := make([]*Value, 0)
+	
+	for _, v := range b.Values {
+		if !isILPOp(v.Op) {
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// could be a possible root, add it as a candidate to remove later
+		candidates = append(candidates, v)
+		
+		// mark the arguments of the expression as being used
+		// if they are also a rebalanceable op (making them a non-root node)
+		if isILPOp(v.Args[0].Op) && v.Op == v.Args[0].Op {
+			uses[v.Args[0]]++
+		}
+
+		if isILPOp(v.Args[1].Op) && v.Op == v.Args[1].Op {
+			uses[v.Args[1]]++
+		}
+	}
+	
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if uses[c] == 0 {
+			roots = append(roots, c)
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return roots
+}
+
+// balanceExprTree repurposes all nodes and leaves into a well-balanced expression tree.
+// It doesn't truly balance the tree in the sense of a BST, rather it
+// prioritizes pairing up innermost (rightmost) expressions and their results and only
+// pairing results of outermost (leftmost) expressions up with them when no other nice pairing exists
+// TODO(ryan-berger): implement Huffman Tree-Height Reduction instead?
+func balanceExprTree(nodes, leaves []*Value) {
+	// reset all arguments of nodes to reuse them
+	for _, n := range nodes {
+		n.reset(n.Op)
+	}
+
+	// rebuild expression trees from the bottom up, prioritizing right grouping.
+	// if the number of leaves is not even, skip the first leaf
+	// and add it to be paired up later
+	subTrees := leaves
+	i := len(nodes)-1
+	for len(subTrees) != 1 {
+		nextSubTrees := subTrees[:0]
+
+		start := len(subTrees) % 2
+		if start != 0 {
+			nextSubTrees = append(nextSubTrees, subTrees[0])
+		}
+
+		// pair leaves using the last nodes and move towards nodes[0] which is the root
+		for j := start; j < len(subTrees)-1; j += 2 {
+			nodes[i].AddArgs(subTrees[j], subTrees[j+1])
+			nextSubTrees = append(nextSubTrees, nodes[i])
+			i--
+		}
+
+		subTrees = nextSubTrees
+	}
+}
+
+// rebalance balances associative computation to better help CPU instruction pipelining (#49331)
+//
+// a + b + c + d compiles to v1:(a + v2:(b + v3:(c + d)) which is an unbalanced expression tree.
+// It is suboptimal since it requires the CPU to compute v3 before fetching it use its result in
+// v2, and v2 before its use in v1
+//
+// This optimization rebalances this expression tree to look like v1:(v2:(a + b) + v3:(c + d)),
+// which removes such dependencies and frees up the CPU pipeline.
+func rebalance(v *Value) {
+	// The smallest possible rebalanceable binary expression has 3 nodes and 4 leaves,
+	// so preallocate the lists to save time if it is not rebalanceable
+	leaves := make([]*Value, 0, 4)
+	nodes := make([]*Value, 0, 3)
+
+	// Do a bfs on v to keep a nice reverse topological order
+	haystack := []*Value{v}
+	for i := 0; i < len(haystack); i++ {
+		needle := haystack[i]
+
+		// if we are searching a value, it must be a node so add it to our node list
+		nodes = append(nodes, needle)
+
+		for _, a := range needle.Args {
+			// If the ops aren't the same, have more than one use, or not in the same BB it must be a leaf.
+			if a.Op != v.Op || a.Uses != 1 || a.Block != v.Block  {
+				leaves = append(leaves, a)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// nodes in the tree now hold the invariants that:
+			// - they are of a common associative operation as the rest of the tree
+			// - they have only a single use
+			// - they are in the same basic block
+			haystack = append(haystack, a)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// we need at least 3 nodes (root, two children) and 4 leaves
+	// for this expression to be rebalanceable
+	if len(nodes) < 3 || len(leaves) < 4 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	balanceExprTree(nodes, leaves)
+}
diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/shortcircuit.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/shortcircuit.go
index b86596026b..a224ebbbbe 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/shortcircuit.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/ssa/shortcircuit.go
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ func (v *Value) moveTo(dst *Block, i int) {
 	}
 	src := v.Block
 	if src.Values[i] != v {
-		v.Fatalf("moveTo bad index %d", v, i)
+		v.Fatalf("moveTo bad index %d, src.Values[i] = %v, expected %v", i, src.Values[i], v)
 	}
 	if src == dst {
 		return
diff --git a/test/codegen/reassociate.go b/test/codegen/reassociate.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fa795b530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/codegen/reassociate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// asmcheck
+
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package codegen
+
+// reassociateAddition expects very specific sequence of registers
+// of the form:
+// R2 += R3
+// R1 += R0
+// R1 += R2
+func reassociateAddition(a, b, c, d int) int {
+	// arm64:`ADD\tR2,\sR3,\sR2`
+	x := b + a
+	// arm64:`ADD\tR0,\sR1,\sR1`
+	y := x + c
+	// arm64:`ADD\tR1,\sR2,\sR0`
+	z := y + d
+	return z
+}
\ No newline at end of file