diff --git a/Site/C2009P1.gif b/Site/C2009P1.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d144725 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/C2009P1.gif differ diff --git a/Site/CSI-xs.png b/Site/CSI-xs.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..773672e Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/CSI-xs.png differ diff --git a/Site/HSTOrbitAnim.gif b/Site/HSTOrbitAnim.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08551c9 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/HSTOrbitAnim.gif differ diff --git a/Site/INDI-tn.png b/Site/INDI-tn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5bb0e51 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/INDI-tn.png differ diff --git a/Site/INDI.html b/Site/INDI.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5497aac --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/INDI.html @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + +XEphem: INDI Device Control + + + + +
+
+ +Control any INDI-compliant devices with XEphem. + + +

+Get free INDI drivers online for +

+and many more devices from the +indilib.org. +

+Also see the ASCOM/INDI gateway and Java implementations at +Cloudmakers. + +

+ + + diff --git a/Site/INDI.png b/Site/INDI.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fd7563 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/INDI.png differ diff --git a/Site/SatMovie.gif b/Site/SatMovie.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0acf0d Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/SatMovie.gif differ diff --git a/Site/bg.png b/Site/bg.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8505e23 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/bg.png differ diff --git a/Site/binary-tn.png b/Site/binary-tn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f296a5d Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/binary-tn.png differ diff --git a/Site/binary.html b/Site/binary.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bb4a2b --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/binary.html @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + + +XEphem: Binary star system orbits + + + + +

+
+ +On-sky orbital plots and ephemerides for binary star systems. +

+ + + diff --git a/Site/binary.png b/Site/binary.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7efcbfb Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/binary.png differ diff --git a/Site/changes.html b/Site/changes.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02e2259 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/changes.html @@ -0,0 +1,832 @@ + + + + + +

Changes from 3.7.6 to 3.7.7

+ +Released August 9, 2015 + +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • Improved earth satellite range rate +
  • Fixed some typos in help file +
  • Updated magnetic declination model for 2015-2020 +
  • Update Makefile for OS X.10 Yosemite to look for X11 in /opt/X11 +
  • Magnetic declination tooltip was reversed +
  • Update Minor Planet Center donwloading script, mpcorb2edb.pl +
  • INDI was not sending all Switches as required by specification. +
  • Change astorb2edbl.pl to use curl and try both with and without EPSV. +
+ +

New features: +

    +
  • Include new simpleINDI demo program. +
  • Add support for UCAC4 +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.7.5 to 3.7.6

+ +Released January 20, 2013 + +
+ +

New features: +

    +
  • Show transit azimuth +
  • Plots now show coordinates under cursor. +
  • Improved Earth night lights file, nearth.gif. +
  • Update Jupiter Great Red Spot default longitude. +
  • Show satellite element age in Index. +
  • Add Curiosity landing coordinates to mars_db +
  • Separate Sky View horizon clipping option +
  • SOHO is back +
  • New daytime earth image with improved geography shading +
  • SkyView -> Favorites offers same controls as map right-click +
  • Telescope GoTo honors horizon map +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • Improve Earth sunline in cyl graphic projection near equinox. +
  • Improve error handling downloading asteroid data. +
  • Improve accuracy of Earth satellite transits. +
  • Significantly improve speed of Earth satellite rise and set predictions. +
  • Significantly improve accuracy of Earth satellite transit predictions. +
  • Eliminate Earth satellite Objects table values flashing. +
  • Improve accuracy of Earth satellite ground footprint. +
  • Saving Favorites after downloading new elements now saves new values. +
  • Improved earth satellite height and solver stability. +
  • Improve INDI menu interactions for type ISwitchVectorProperty +
  • Sky view horizon clipping incorrectly in rare cases. +
  • Better isolation of applicable Sky View options in individual planet rendering. +
  • In Moon view: subearth, subsolar and anti-subsolar options moved from Grid to {Pen}Umbra. +
  • Show sun in moonview during solar eclipse +
  • Better handling of proxies and large files in web downloads +
  • Favorites menu updates when db that is also a favorite changes. +
  • Fixed crash if Earth view showing Favorite that is updated from file or download +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.7.4 to 3.7.5

+ +Released July 25, 2011 + +
+ +

New features +

    +
  • Support UCAC catalog version 3 +
  • Sky view shows PA in live report +
  • Favorites may now be edited in-place +
  • Earth view displays great circle distance and bearing +
  • Change Earth view cylindrical projection from cos to linear +
  • Earth Object table reports range rate for solar system objects. +
  • Eyepiece rotation depends on Alt/Az or RA/Dec placement context. +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • Change cfa.harvard.edu URLs to minorplanetcenter.org +
  • Improved accuracy for ecliptic coordinates +
  • New coords for ESO sites +
  • Check for fifos in PrivateDir then ShareDir +
  • Accommodate downloading web files containing very long lines. +
  • Solar system right-click info could be stale if it was the only view open. +
  • Better support for Max OS X ppc, i386 and x86_64 architectures +
  • Prevent placing Coordinate Tool Eyepiece before Sky View is up. +
  • Better protection from stale Earth satellite elements. +
  • Better support for HTTP 1.1 for celestrak.com +
  • Delta T updated through 2011 +
  • Miranda elements now correct +
  • Sky View updates correctly while on alternate workspace +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.7.3 to 3.7.4

+ +Released July 3, 2009 + +
+ +

New Features: +

    +
  • Several updates for European sites and time zones. +
  • Code tweaks for 64bit compilers. +
  • Add networking support for STScI GSC 2.3. +
  • Add simple support for FITS BITPIX=-32 (floating point images). +
  • Use cross cursor under magnifying glass. +
  • Add Phoenix to Mars features database. +
  • Updated Delta-T table +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • Updated CFA URLs. +
  • Made Sky View automag deeper to accommodate GSC 2.3. +
  • Sky View live report option now saved in preferences. +
  • Fix bug when Sun dip is set above rise/set threshold. +
  • Warn of attempt to write to a read-only INDI property. +
  • Better buffer managment in BDL moon model. +
  • Better guarding of old satellite elements. +
  • Fix problem with rise/set near terminator near poles. +
  • Fix bug in movie loop when there were no images yet. +
  • Better Sky View eyepiece culling. +
  • Fix INDI eventloop that could starve nested deferrals. +
+ +
+ + +

Changes from 3.7.2 to 3.7.3

+ +Released March 24, 2008 + +
+

New Features: +

    +
  • surround Earth satellite name with parentheses if eclipsed. +
  • move "Keep marker centered' to Sky View Telescope menu +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • improve handling of catalog errors, eg, when in part of sky with no UCAC +
  • improved Solver tool Min/Max stability +
  • use proper amount of precision when saving TLE as .edb +
  • use geometric elevation for Earth satellite conversion to RA/Dec +
  • fix Earth satellite transit info when up now +
  • fix possible rise/set infinite loop when object just barely rises or is geostationary +
  • arg of peri was listed in Earth Data Index table twice +
  • fclose could be called twice when saving preferences +
  • fix possible crash when updating db or Favorites when Earth Objects are up +
  • fix printed trail time zone (always said UTC even when local) +
  • SKY2000.edb RA PM was not multiplied by cos(Dec) +
+ +

INDI enhancements: +

    +
  • improve display of large Light properties +
  • parser missed decoding entity if first char in pcdata +
  • eventloop.c:rmTimer() resized array wrong +
  • fixed memory leak in getINDI.c +
  • getINDI now handles BLOBs +
+ +

Obsolete: +

    +
  • outdated AAVSO support removed +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.7.1 to 3.7.2

+ +Released November 12, 2006 + +
+

New Features: +

    +
  • Data Table adds JD, HJD and PA columns. +
  • Earth View adds inertial reference frame option. +
  • Earth View allows picking earth satellite via orbit marker. +
  • Earth View shows altitude and range in satellite right-click data. +
  • Earth View shows satellite position in space. +
  • Earth View can draw orbits on cylindrical projection. +
  • Earth objects table has new column-wide toggles. +
  • Main menu can remember to start RT mode automatically. +
  • Makefiles now support building Mac OS X universal binaries. +
  • Object index search supports using glob patterns. +
  • Observing log adds JD, HJD and Airmass fields. +
  • Observing log replaces Search with List feature. +
  • Observing log search supports using glob patterns. +
  • Preferences can now remember and restore which views were open. +
  • Print adds new option to draw with thicker lines. +
  • Several improvements to XML and INDI tools. +
  • Shared app defaults file, XEphem, may now be in /etc. +
  • Sites list search supports using glob patterns. +
  • Sky View draws simplistic antialiased stars. +
  • Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus satellite models extended to 2021. +
  • Native binary support for Mac OSX Intel. +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • .fts added as default suffix when downloading DSS images. +
  • Data menu was not cutting spect field at 2 chars. +
  • Earth View uses unique names for satellite object listing fields. +
  • Fix logic to detect no natural satellite models. +
  • Main menu now only shows progress meter if using fewer than 1000 steps. +
  • Numbers like 2e-2 were considered negative in some situations. +
  • Sky View RADec grid was inaccurate in AA mode near celestial poles +
  • Sky View compass correct now when showing tilted/rotated FITS image. +
  • Sky View labels N and S ecliptic poles. +
  • Sky View no longer prevents panning below horizon. +
  • Sky View telescope marker turned off when manually point only if also recentering. +
  • Sky View was leaving constellation figure files open. +
  • Solver properly guards XML entity characters when saving functions. +
  • Support ISO 8601 in FITS DATE-OBS field. +
  • Support much longer edb entries when downloading from web. +
  • Updated Delta-T table. +
  • WCS solver window labels CDELT2 as pixels up, not down. +
  • astorb2edb.pl updated for longer object names. +
+ +

INDI enhancements: +

    +
  • add IEDeferLoop function for inline waiting. +
  • add IUCrackNumber and IUCrackText utility functions. +
  • change indiserver to use select(2) not threads (10-20% more efficient). +
  • command line tools can inherit socket from parent script to maintain a single session +
  • fix bug in very rapid timeouts. +
  • guarantee getProperties is first command sent to drivers. +
  • improve efficiency of traffic to remote drivers. +
  • indiserver sniffs client devices from all commands, not just getProperties. +
  • library sends doubles with more precision. +
  • merge stderr from drivers into indiserver's log with date stamp. +
  • more robust IUSaveText. +
+ +

Obsolete: +

    +
  • Remove old style Seti@Home +
+ +
+ + +

Changes from 3.7 to 3.7.1

+ +Released November 19, 2005 + +
+

New Features: +

    +
  • Add tool to align two or more FITS images and create motion movies. +
  • Add Control-m keyboard shortcut to add any view to the Movie loop. +
  • Upgrade to higher resolution Earth image. +
  • Put user annotations in a scrolled list to accommodate lengthy collections. +
  • Add Moonrise and Moonset to collection of Step size controls. +
  • Image gallery lookups now search against all names of data base objects. +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • Fix crashing when deleting all frames of a Movie. +
  • Fix antisolar point in Sky View when changing Equatorial preference. +
  • Fix pen/umbra position in Sky View when changing equinox. +
  • Fix problem when reading some Sky View history files. +
  • Fix large height of Progress meter seen on some systems. +
  • Fix crashing when starting any Animation demo. +
  • Fix mainmenu size jumping on some systems when moon not up. +
  • Fix mainmenu moon/sun/rise/set step bug when near a day without any such. +
  • Fix bug in reference manual describing earth satellite footprint. +
  • Fix crashing when make About window too small. +
  • Fix Sky View compass rose during display of FITS images. +
  • Fix a few entries in xephem_sites +
+
+ +

Changes from 3.6.4 to 3.7

+ +Released August 1, 2005 + +
+

New Features: +

    +
  • Data +
      +
    • Includes Hubble GSC 2.2.0.1 catalog, 450 million stars complete to M18.5. +
    • New and updated catalogs: Messier, IC, NGC, COVBS, SKY2000, + HYPERLEDA, Supernova, WDSC, Open clusters, Henry-Draper, Pleiades and + asteroids. +
    • YBS replaced with Sky 2000 to magnitude 6.5. +
    • Can now display Gallery image directly from Data Index. +
    + +

    +
  • Earth View +
      +
    • Display satellite orbits in space. +
    • Zoom in to see better geography, or out to see high orbits. +
    • Quick-set button to set equator rotation. +
    • Display of surface footprint is now optional. +
    • Expanded range mouse panning allows continuous rotation. +
    + +

    +
  • Sky View +
      +
    • Save and restore sets of eyepiece definitions. +
    • Save and restore sets of eyepiece Sky positions. +
    • Constellation figure definitions now stored in editable files. +
    • WCS solver invoked automatically if header has seed but no solution. +
    • Shortcut button to set display aspect ratio to match image. +
    • FITS file blinking via new Movie frame function. +
    + +

    +
  • User Annotation +
      +
    • Anchor locations are now based on the view's world coordinates. +
    • Sets of annotations may be saved and loaded from files. +
    + +

    +
  • Other +
      +
    • Collect any number of View, NAAG or Plot frames into a movie, save as set of PNG files. +
    • Many tweaks for improved INDI support, including display FITS BLOBs. +
    + +
+ +

Bugs fixed: +

    +
  • Negative years in some date formats. +
  • WCS solver could result in RA outside range 0..24 hours. +
  • Setting lat or long would reset elevation. +
  • Highly zoomed FITS images would show half-pixel offset. +
  • FITS images without WCS headers could generate bogus graphic overlays. +
  • Sky View compass rose rotation angle could be wrong near poles. +
  • Persistent labels on Earth trails in Sol System view were incorrect. +
  • Outdated magnetic declination model updated. +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.6.3 to 3.6.4 +

+ +Released February 26, 2005 + +
+ +
    +
  • add Proper Motion columns to Data table +
  • update NAAG also when change horizon offset in Data Setup +
  • Favorites table now displays full .edb definition of each entry +
  • allow adding a new Favorite directly from the dialog +
  • Solver has separate Find Min and Find Max goals +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.6.2 to 3.6.3 +

+ +Released January 8, 2005 + +
+ +
    +
  • All moon views: add boolean fields for casting shadow and transit +
  • Sun view: fix and make a configurable resource the SOHO network address +
  • Sky View: label galactic center +
  • Sky View: show rise/set for trailed objects +
  • Sky View: show position angle for roaming mouse coordinate +
  • Sky View: fix printing rectangular eyepieces +
+ +
+ +

Changes from 3.6.1 to 3.6.2 +

+ +Released November 28, 2004 + +
+ +
    +
  • add support for linux and osx motif libs in source distro +
  • remove -ffast-math from all Makefiles +
  • add Hide and Toggle to User Annotation tool +
  • add User Annotation window tips +
  • add XE icon to Coordinate Converter window +
  • add XE icon to Earth Objects window +
  • show longitude at += 90 in Earth map +
  • fix sporadic dropped contour segments in Earth map +
  • fix spherical mode printing size in Earth map +
  • add spectral class L designation +
  • fix bug downloading from GSC 2.2 in Dec range -1..0 degs +
  • bump max download count for GSC 2.2 +
  • fix eyepieces png in help +
  • remove extra @ before seti@home in help +
  • fix relativistic deflection if objects are nearer than sun +
  • allow for negative Earth satellite es_decay +
  • fix Sky View keyboard pan/zoom did not erase fits display +
  • put Sky View Mag in main popup, not in extra pullright +
  • only remove Internet downloaded asteroid files if fresh +
  • fix sending INDI goto coords to the marker properties +
  • better handling of INDI agent disconnect +
  • fix bug building INDI newTextVector property +
  • honor new*Vector commands seen from other INDI clients +
  • redraw each INDI light vector when remanaged +
  • new INDI getINDIproperty and setINDIproperty tools +
+
+ +

Changes from 3.6 to 3.6.1 +

+ +Released August 13, 2004 + +
+
    +
  • improve approach to preventing screen blanking during right-clicks +
  • fix memory problem when closing Trails window +
  • planets should be On in the default Sky View History horizon entries +
  • improve drawing of thin crescents in Sky View +
  • faster Sky View depth sorting +
  • fix oversight preventing support of GSC 2.2 field stars +
  • fix binary orbit update problem +
  • fix Sky View Names toolbar button +
  • fix timezone problems in Trails +
  • improve compass rose accuracy in Sky View +
  • fix persistent label in Solar System view +
  • show mag+spectral class for Binary companion too in Sky View's More Info +
  • show size for planets too in Sky View's More Info +
  • eliminate use of tmpnam() for security reasons +
  • INDI tolerates other clients coming and going +
  • new or improved catalogs: asteroids, COVBS, CPIRSS, WDSC, aavso, + binary_calib, constant, loneos, sstar_calib +
+
+ +

Changes from 3.5.2 to 3.6 +

+Released June 6, 2004 + +
+

New Features: +

    +
  • Gallery +
      +
    • Gallery of over 300 color images, fully cross-linked with Sky View. +
    +
  • Sun +
      +
    • New Sun view downloads and saves live images from SOHO. +
    +
  • Moon +
      +
    • Lunar features can be loaded directly into More Info dialog. +
    • Fully integrated with Lunar Orbiter IV images, with and without + annotation. +
    • Searchable list of Lunar features. +
    +
  • Earth +
      +
    • Use shaded relief maps and nightside light maps. +
    • Can display any number of simultaneous satellites. +
    +
  • Mars +
      +
    • Now uses a shaded relief map from Mars Global Surveyor. +
    • Seeing simulation can now be controlled to 1/10 arc second. +
    +
  • Saturn +
      +
    • Now uses real images.
      • +
    +
  • Sky View +
      +
    • Keyboard shortcuts for positioning and zooming. +
    • Constellation figures as defined by H. A. Rey. +
    • Orienting compass roses. +
    • Milky Way boundary. +
    • Rotatable eyepieces. +
    • Multiple horizon profiles and interactive editing. +
    • Field stars have their own labeling controls. +
    • Natural satellites drawn along with their parent planets. +
    • Planets drawn with proper phases. +
    • Displays galactic coordinates. +
    • More annotation point on principle coordinate planes. +
    • Accurate colors for all stellar spectral classes. +
    • Binary system orbits. +
    +
  • Other views +
      +
    • New annotation facility to overlay text and lines on any view. +
    • All planet views now show moon shadows on planet. +
    • Solar System has keyboard shortcuts for rotation, zooming and + stereo. +
    +
  • Tools +
      +
    • New Observer's log book. +
    • Main window now displays local magnetic declination. +
    • Printing now supports A4 paper sizes. +
    • Trails can now extend Before as well as After the starting time. +
    • Plot and List now have Undo controls. +
    • Plot, List and Solver can now save and restore configurations. +
    • Telescope control now supports INDI, a + highly flexible XML + protocol. +
    • More data options and crisper graphs in AAVSO plot tool. +
    • Close tool can now omit planet's own moons. +
    • Coordinate Converter supports arbitrary equinox, can directly + place Eyepieces. +
    +
  • GUI +
      +
    • Date and Time triad entry formats simpler yet more flexible. +
    • New Splash screen for instant feedback when launched. +
    • Help now written in html and triggers your favorite browser. +
    • Most unwieldy File Selection Boxes replaced by smart file popups. +
    • One-click Web catalog downloads automatically loaded into memory, + as well as saved as a file. +
    +
  • Data management +
      +
    • New general purpose Favorites facility completely replaces ObjXYZ. +
    • .edb format extended to capture proper motion. +
    • .edb format extended to capture valid date ranges for orbital + elements. +
    • .edb extended to capture multiple names per object. +
    • .edb extended to capture binary system orbits. +
    • Add support for USNO CCD Astrographic Catalog as field stars. +
    • Data Index now displays .edb format. +
    • Data Index can now partition objects into basic categories. +
    • Data View contents can be sent to X11 selection buffer. +
    • Field stars can now populate up to 30° FOV to support 35mm + photography. +
    • Save Preferences can now automatically save Minor resources as + well. +
    • Better Data menu organization. +
    +
+

Bug Fixes: +

    +
  • Printing has improved Adobe compliance and + is immune to locale. +
  • Improved handling of scalable fonts, include fixing a memory leak. +
  • Improved printing in color, and changed Grey to genuine Black. +
  • Fixed Length-of-Night if dusk or dawn does not occur. +
  • Fixed Length-of-Night and NAAG when dawn or dusk cross midnight. +
  • Main window calendar pulldown menu could clip some month names. +
  • Mars moon view can finally print. +
  • Fix NAAG for "arctic" dusk and dawn. +
  • Fix NAAG for case of no rise today but rise tomorrow; ditto for set. +
  • Fix NAAG for earth satellite when current time is on right half-day. +
  • Num Lock key no longer required to be off. +
  • Sky View 1:1 and 2:1 shortcuts no longer fail in certain situations. +
  • Sky View grid labeling improved. +
  • Sky View better at not clipping large objects until fully off + screen, not just their center. +
  • Sky View toolbuttons for constellations, planes and labeling + improved. +
  • Sky View is better at avoiding overlapping labels. +
  • Improved stability in Solver tool seeking periodic extrema. +
  • Fixed problem with mag glass over image without WCS headers. +
+
+ +

Changes from 3.5.1 to 3.5.2 +

+Released Jan 8, 2002 + +
+

+ New Features: +

+ +

    +
  • add support for Uranometria 2000 sky atlas. +
  • add support for all three atlases in Data Table and Sky View listing. +
  • add "Auto list" so Close-pairs tool can print while looping. +
  • add GHA column to Data Table. +
  • add Spectral class column to Data Table and Sky View listing. +
  • add ability to store preferred position for more dialogs. +
  • add support for reading TLE-format satellite files directly. +
  • add Print option to Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus views. +
  • add support for 8-bit FITS format. +
  • add major upgrade to star finder and WCS solver. +
  • add image X,Y coords to Sky View corner info, when displaying image +
+ +

+ Bug Fixes: +

+ +

    +
  • fix a communication problem with LX200. +
  • fix minor problem with Earth view gray-scale printing. +
  • fix font problems occuring on some systems. +
  • fix crashing in Jup/Sat/Uranus seen with some window managers. +
  • fix saving Site preference when multiple abbreviated names match. +
  • fix rare crash when saving preferences. +
  • fix some incorrect XmForm attachments. +
  • fix crash if enter 0 eyepiece focal length. +
  • fix rare crash when refracting far below horizon. +
+
+ + +

Changes from 3.5 to 3.5.1 +

+Released Nov 9, 2001 +
    + +

  • Image analysis: +
      +
    • fix ROI would not draw if no or bad wcs +
    • fix updating scales correctly if find a wcs solution +
    + +

  • Sky View: +
      +
    • fix ROI Toggle button so it can be a saved resource +
    • fix check for center when window size is odd and flipped +
    • fix bomb when close if wcs had never been opened +
    + +

  • Misc: +
      +
    • fix support for ~ in ShareDir +
    +
+ +

+

Changes from 3.4 to 3.5 +

+Released Oct 13, 2001 +
    +

  • Cross-Platform: +
      +
    • Available for MS Win98/2000, MacOS X and all UNIX-like systems. +
    + +

  • Image analysis: +
      +
    • Pattern match stars in an image against GSC to find RA/Dec WCS header. +
    • 2D Guassian fit to star profiles for sub-pixel position accuracy. +
    • One-click relative and absolute aperture photometry. +
    • Pixel stats for entire image, region of interest or pixels under glass. +
    • Multiple settings for magnifying glass size and power. +
    • Unique "Monument" mode displays stars in pseudo-3D. +
    • Interactive cross-section slices. +
    • Multilevel crop and zoom stack. +
    + +

  • Sky View: +
      +
    • Images resize to fit window (not the other way around as in 3.4). +
    • Toolbar down right side to control new imaging functions. +
    • Very simple interface for other programs to automatically display images. +
    • Popup date/time honors Preference time zone. +
    • Toolbar buttons now maintain current set of options thru off/on cycle. +
    + +

  • LX200 Telescope control: +
      + +
    • Fully integrated into XEphem GUI. +
    • Smoother telescope marker motion. +
    + +

  • Data: +
      + +
    • Easy GUI to download MPC and Lowell asteroid element sets. +
    • Easy GUI to download CBAT comet elements. +
    • Easy GUI to download Earth satellite element sets. +
    • Improved engine for near-parabolic comet elements. +
    • Improved magnitudes for all planets. +
    + +

  • Eyepieces: +
      + +
    • Define and Save your favorite user-defined sizes and styles. +
    • Handy calculator to solve common optical formulae. +
    • Delete eyepieces individually. +
    + +

  • Main window: +
      + +
    • One click to automatically keep XEphem time in sync with computer. +
    • All Help text is now searchable, and keeps reusing one window. +
    • Handy Sun-up and Moon-phase icons. +
    • New bona fide Night Mode. +
    + +

  • Night at a Glance: +
      + +
    • Shows all satellite passes at once for a given day. +
    • Can click on graph to set time. +
    • New optional easier-to-read one-color scheme. +
    + +

  • Coordinates: +
      + +
    • New Spreadsheet to convert among equatorial/horizon/ecliptic/galactic. +
    + +

  • Mars: +
      + +
    • Greatly expanded set of Albedo features. +
    + +

  • Networking: +
      + +
    • Support for Authentication when going through proxies. +
    +
+ +

+

Changes from 3.2.3 to 3.4 +

+Released Dec 4, 2000 +
    + +

  • Sky View: +
      +
    • Add Toolbars, including new Zoom in/back stack. +
    • Add all new History facility. +
    • Show {pen}umbra with Moon. +
    • Add direct eyepiece option for Telrad. +
    • Show delta coords when dragging zoom box. +
    • Add cylindrical projection. +
    • Greatly expanded Listing and Sorting. +
    • Completely automatic Field Star loading. +
    • Can now download DSS 2 blue and red images. +
    • Greatly speed up sky FITS image contrast control. +
    • Add shortcuts for common positions and aspect ratios. +
    • Add grid labels. +
    + +

  • Data management: +
      +
    • Load/Delete by catalog. +
    • New unified format for PPM, Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogs. +
    + +

  • Data Table: +
      +
    • Add Ecliptic coordinates. +
    • Improved airmass formula near horizon. +
    + +

  • Jupiter View: +
      +
    • Morphs a real image. +
    + +

  • Mars View: +
      +
    • 2x better resolution image. +
    • Magnifying glass. +
    • Expanded features data base. +
    + +

  • Moon View: +
      +
    • Add persistant labels. +
    • Add more spacecraft to database. +
    • Fix Moon {pen}umbra rotation. +
    + +

  • Main window: +
      +
    • Most windows can now be stacked over or beneath the Main window. +
    • Can now change most colors and fonts on the fly. +
    • Can now Save just about every setting to disk. +
    • Can now step time Forward or Reverse. +
    • Fixed calendar NM and FM when outside current month. +
    • Improved Delta T model +
    • Improved Site selection mechanism. +
    • Simpler control over DST and Delta T. +
    + +

  • Earth View: +
      +
    • Direct Internet update facilty for earth satellites. +
    • Can now display 3 objects simultaneously. +
    • Orbit propagator now based on NORAD SGP4/SDP4. +
    + +

  • Brand new features: +
      +
    • Support for SETI@Home. +
    • New Night-at-a-Glance graphic. +
    • Direct Internet interface to AAVSO light curves. +
    • Includes control process for Meade LX200. +
    +
+ + + + diff --git a/Site/contrib/M31globulars.edb b/Site/contrib/M31globulars.edb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..243671c --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/M31globulars.edb @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +# Derived from data at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~pbarmby/m31gc/m31gc.html +# As at February 2004. +# Contributed by Steve Mencinsky +000-001,f|C,0:32:46.84,39:34:41.84,13.75 +000-002,f|C,0:33:33.91,39:31:20.37,15.81 +000-083,f|C,0:41:08.77,41:09:55.20,99.99 +000-260,f|C,0:44:00.83,42:34:47.96,17.01 +000-268,f|C,0:44:10.05,42:46:56.84,16.63 +000-327,f|C,0:46:49.43,42:44:48.62,15.94 +000-339,f|C,0:47:48.97,43:09:17.78,17.19 +000-353,f|C,0:50:18.18,42:35:45.52,17.15 +001-039,f|C,0:39:51.38,40:58:12.15,17.06 +002-043,f|C,0:40:02.50,41:11:54.02,17.547 +003-045,f|C,0:40:09.33,41:11:05.93,17.573 +004-050,f|C,0:40:18.33,41:22:41.82,16.953 +005-052,f|C,0:40:20.61,40:43:30.79,15.71 +006-058,f|C,0:40:26.79,41:27:27.72,15.525 +006D-D36,f|C,0:40:37.31,40:48:45.59,99.99 +008-060,f|C,0:40:30.54,41:16:09.67,16.52 +009-061,f|C,0:40:31.17,41:36:57.67,16.918 +010-062,f|C,0:40:31.84,41:14:23.66,16.660 +011-063,f|C,0:40:32.54,41:39:19.65,16.79 +012-064,f|C,0:40:32.79,41:21:44.65,15.125 +012D-D39,f|C,0:40:52.23,40:58:41.40,99.99 +013-065,f|C,0:40:38.73,41:25:24.57,17.189 +014-B222,f|C,0:40:38.76,41:12:45.57,18.087 +015-B204,f|C,0:40:45.11,40:59:56.49,17.791 +015D-D41,f|C,0:41:02.72,41:06:36.27,99.99 +016-066,f|C,0:40:45.14,41:22:10.49,17.580 +017-070,f|C,0:40:48.90,41:12:09.44,15.951 +018-071,f|C,0:40:49.62,40:41:32.43,17.51 +019-072,f|C,0:40:52.85,41:18:43.40,14.927 +020-073,f|C,0:40:55.60,41:41:27.36,14.91 +020D-089,f|C,0:41:17.39,41:08:10.09,99.99 +021-075,f|C,0:40:59.10,41:05:39.32,17.544 +022-074,f|C,0:40:59.11,41:24:41.32,17.358 +023-078,f|C,0:41:01.26,41:13:45.29,14.224 +024-082,f|C,0:41:12.09,41:45:50.16,16.799 +025-084,f|C,0:41:12.63,41:00:28.15,16.859 +025D-B2170:41:34.52,f|C,41,01:06.87,99.99 +026-086,f|C,0:41:14.58,41:24:41.12,17.534 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1:57:22,10.50,2000,444|78.3529|169.412 + NGC 5466,f|C|Gb,14:05:27.3, 28:32:06,9.20,2000,540|540|0 + NGC 5907,f|G|Sc,15:15:53.8, 56:19:49,10.40,2000,756|83.0118|155.294 + NGC 6503,f|G|Sc,17:49:27.5, 70:08:37,10.20,2000,420|149.882|122.824 + NGC 6543,f|P|PN,17:58:33.4, 66:38:01,8.10,2000,20|20|0 + diff --git a/Site/contrib/RASC_NGC_SUMMER.fav b/Site/contrib/RASC_NGC_SUMMER.fav new file mode 100644 index 0000000..450cc47 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/RASC_NGC_SUMMER.fav @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + NGC 6210,f|P|PN,16:44:29.5, 23:48:02,8.80,2000,21|21|0 + NGC 6369,f|P|PN,17:29:20.4,-23:45:33,11.40,2000,38|38|0 + NGC 6572,f|P|PN,18:12:06.4, 6:51:15,8.10,2000,15|15|0 + NGC 6633,f|O|T3,18:27:15.1, 6:30:30,4.60,2000,1200|1200|0 + NGC 6712,f|C|G9,18:53:04.3, -8:42:20,8.10,2000,588|588|0 + NGC 6781,f|P|PN,19:18:28.3, 6:32:25,11.40,2000,114|114|0 + NGC 6819,f|O|T1,19:41:18.0, 40:11:00,7.30,2000,300|300|0 + NGC 6826,f|P|PN,19:44:48.2, 50:31:32,8.80,2000,36|36|0 + NGC 6888,f|N|EN,20:12:06.5, 38:21:18,10.00,2000,1080|1080|0 + NGC 6960,f|R|SN,20:45:42.0, 30:43:00,7.00,2000,4200|4200|0 + NGC 6992,f|R|EN,20:56:18.0, 31:44:00,7.00,2000,3600|3600|0 + NGC 7000,f|N|EN,20:59:18.0, 44:31:00,4.00,2000,7200|7200|0 + NGC 7027,f|P|PN,21:07:01.7, 42:14:12,8.50,2000,55|55|0 + NGC 6445,f|P|PN,17:49:15.1,-20:00:32,11.20,2000,44|44|0 + NGC 6520,f|O|T1,18:03:25.0,-27:53:28,7.60,2000,300|300|0 + NGC 6818,f|P|PN,19:43:57.8,-14:09:09,9.30,2000,46|46|0 + NGC 6802,f|O|T3,19:30:36.0, 20:15:42,8.80,2000,300|300|0 + NGC 6940,f|O|T3,20:34:26.6, 28:16:28,6.30,2000,1500|1500|0 + NGC 6939,f|O|T1,20:31:30.0, 60:39:43,7.80,2000,600|600|0 + NGC 6946,f|G|S6,20:34:52.1, 60:09:12,9.00,2000,690|587.176|56.4706 + NGC 7129,f|U|OC,21:42:58.9, 66:06:47,11.50,2000,420|420|0 + NGC 40,f|P|PN, 0:13:01.0, 72:31:21,12.30,2000,74|74|0 + diff --git a/Site/contrib/RASC_NGC_WINTER.fav b/Site/contrib/RASC_NGC_WINTER.fav new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e373837 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/RASC_NGC_WINTER.fav @@ -0,0 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a/Site/contrib/SMC.edb b/Site/contrib/SMC.edb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d638ae --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/SMC.edb @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +# Deep Sky Objects In The Magellanic Clouds +# http://www.asnsw.com/observing/clouds +# Formatted by Mencinsky, Steve +HW_01,f|O,0:18:25.7,-73:23:39,16.9,2000 +HW_02,f|O,0:27:56.8,-74:00:06,16.9,2000 +HW_03,f|O,0:29:54.9,-73:42:04,16.9,2000 +HW_04,f|O,0:30:28.0,-73:48:29,16.9,2000 +HW_05,f|O,0:31:02.7,-72:20:28,12.3,2000 +HW_06,f|O,0:33:04.7,-72:39:17,16.9,2000 +HW_07,f|O,0:33:36.9,-72:22:48,15.2,2000 +HW_08,f|O,0:33:46.5,-73:38:00,09.7,2000 +HW_09,f|O,0:36:25.7,-73:00:06,14.8,2000 +HW_10,f|O,0:36:31.9,-72:59:14,15.4,2000 +HW_11,f|O,0:37:29.9,-73:36:46,14.1,2000 +HW_12,f|O,0:38:51.5,-73:22:07,15.3,2000 +HW_13,f|O,0:39:30.4,-73:25:33,14.7,2000 +HW_14,f|O,0:40:15.2,-73:52:20,14.2,2000 +HW_15,f|O,0:40:47.6,-74:01:19,16.9,2000 +HW_16,f|O,0:42:21.5,-73:44:08,10.4,2000 +HW_17,f|O,0:42:17.7,-72:28:14,13.4,2000 +HW_18,f|O,0:42:59.5,-72:24:41,14.7,2000 +HW_19,f|O,0:43:28.3,-74:11:05,16.9,2000 +HW_20,f|O,0:44:48.1,-74:21:46,15.5,2000 +HW_21,f|O,0:45:39.6,-74:00:12,15.3,2000 +HW_22,f|O,0:46:44.5,-72:03:48,10.8,2000 +HW_23,f|O,0:46:42.0,-73:46:30,16.9,2000 +HW_24,f|O,0:47:29.3,-72:28:30,16.9,2000 +HW_25,f|O,0:48:44.5,-74:18:12,15.3,2000 +HW_26,f|O,0:49:42.2,-73:42:36,16.9,2000 +HW_27,f|O,0:50:32.8,-74:36:51,14.1,2000 +HW_28,f|O,0:50:40.2,-74:07:02,16.9,2000 +HW_29,f|O,0:53:49.4,-74:08:33,16.9,2000 +HW_30,f|O,0:54:28.3,-73:37:05,16.9,2000 +HW_31,f|O,0:55:33.9,-74:03:49,16.9,2000 +HW_32,f|O,0:57:20.8,-71:10:14,16.9,2000 +HW_33,f|O,0:57:23.6,-70:48:33,15.4,2000 +HW_34,f|O,0:57:52.1,-73:32:44,16.9,2000 +HW_35,f|O,0:58:42.3,-73:35:03,16.9,2000 +HW_36,f|O,0:59:03.7,-73:50:31,16.9,2000 +HW_37,f|O,0:59:15.4,-71:46:08,16.9,2000 +HW_38,f|O,0:59:26.0,-73:49:02,16.9,2000 +HW_39,f|O,0:59:30.9,-71:40:10,15.5,2000 +HW_40,f|O,1:00:25.6,-71:17:41,16.9,2000 +HW_41,f|O,1:00:35.6,-71:27:40,16.9,2000 +HW_42,f|O,1:01:08.7,-74:04:25,16.9,2000 +HW_43,f|O,1:01:08.2,-71:45:17,16.9,2000 +HW_44,f|O,1:01:22.4,-73:47:16,16.9,2000 +HW_45,f|O,1:03:49.1,-71:47:31,16.9,2000 +HW_46,f|O,1:03:59.6,-73:41:58,16.9,2000 +HW_47,f|O,1:04:04.4,-74:37:10,16.9,2000 +HW_48,f|O,1:04:58.7,-73:38:16,16.9,2000 +HW_49,f|O,1:05:56.9,-73:23:20,16.9,2000 +HW_50,f|O,1:06:03.5,-71:42:41,16.9,2000 +HW_51,f|O,1:06:18.2,-74:38:05,16.9,2000 +HW_52,f|O,1:06:57.3,-73:14:09,16.9,2000 +HW_53,f|O,1:06:58.9,-73:34:42,16.9,2000 +HW_54,f|O,1:07:16.0,-72:06:08,16.9,2000 +HW_55,f|O,1:07:20.0,-73:22:40,16.9,2000 +HW_56,f|O,1:07:42.1,-70:56:10,16.9,2000 +HW_57,f|O,1:07:44.0,-71:52:51,16.9,2000 +HW_58,f|O,1:08:05.6,-73:41:50,16.9,2000 +HW_59,f|O,1:08:53.8,-73:14:31,16.9,2000 +HW_60,f|O,1:09:27.6,-72:22:19,16.9,2000 +HW_61,f|O,1:09:42.8,-72:17:44,16.9,2000 +HW_62,f|O,1:09:39.1,-71:46:08,11.3,2000 +HW_63,f|O,1:10:12.7,-73:12:33,16.9,2000 +HW_64,f|O,1:10:45.5,-71:20:18,10.7,2000 +HW_65,f|O,1:11:58.5,-72:16:16,16.9,2000 +HW_66,f|O,1:12:04.7,-75:11:54,16.9,2000 +HW_67,f|O,1:13:01.8,-70:57:46,13.4,2000 +HW_68,f|O,1:13:52.6,-73:24:59,15.4,2000 +HW_69,f|O,1:14:16.3,-73:22:42,13.8,2000 +HW_70,f|O,1:14:56.1,-72:12:22,13.7,2000 +HW_71,f|O,1:15:32.7,-72:22:44,13.6,2000 +HW_72,f|O,1:15:41.8,-73:10:00,11.7,2000 +HW_73,f|O,1:16:26.0,-71:19:35,11.9,2000 +HW_74,f|O,1:16:48.2,-73:09:37,15.0,2000 +HW_75,f|O,1:17:29.6,-73:34:10,15.5,2000 +HW_76,f|O,1:17:35.0,-74:20:46,15.5,2000 +HW_77,f|O,1:20:10.4,-72:37:19,16.9,2000 +HW_78,f|O,1:21:20.9,-73:05:41,13.0,2000 +HW_79,f|O,1:22:48.1,-75:00:07,16.9,2000 +HW_80,f|O,1:23:26.3,-73:13:26,12.6,2000 +HW_81,f|O,1:24:10.3,-73:09:16,11.3,2000 +HW_82,f|O,1:24:28.0,-73:10:15,16.9,2000 +HW_83,f|O,1:38:43.0,-74:31:59,16.9,2000 +HW_84,f|O,1:41:38.2,-71:09:52,16.9,2000 +HW_85,f|O,1:42:28.3,-71:16:44,13.3,2000 +HW_86,f|O,1:42:22.2,-74:10:24,16.9,2000 +Kron_1,f|O,0:21:26.6,-73:44:54,13.6,2000 +Kron_3,f|C,0:24:46.4,-72:47:37,9.9,2000 +Kron_4,f|O,0:23:3.5,-73:40:11,15.4,2000 +Kron_5,f|0,0:24:42.8,-73:45:19,8.6,2000 +Kron_6,f|O,0:25:26.2,-74:4:32,11.3,2000 +Kron_7,f|O,0:27:45.1,-72:46:56,11.0,2000 +Kron_8,f|O,0:28:1.6,-73:18:16,15.6,2000 +Kron_9,f|O,0:29:58.7,-73:22:46,15.5,2000 +Kron_11,f|O,0:36:27.8,-72:28:42,12.0,2000 +Kron_13,f|O,0:35:41.4,-73:35:53,9.1,2000 +Kron_14,f|O,0:37:17.8,-73:0:15,16.9,2000 +Kron_15,f|O,0:40:13.3,-72:41:56,9.7,2000 +Kron_16,f|O,0:40:33.7,-72:44:24,11.8,2000 +Kron_17,f|O,0:41:1.0,-72:34:20,8.6,2000 +Kron_21,f|O,0:41:24.7,-72:53:23,7.7,2000 +Kron_25,f|O,0:48:1.3,-73:29:16,16.9,2000 +Kron_27,f|O,0:48:13.6,-73:51:46,12.6,2000 +Kron_28,f|O,0:51:41.9,-71:59:50,16.9,2000 +Kron_29,f|O,0:51:53.2,-72:57:14,12.0,2000 +Kron_30,f|O,0:52:35.4,-72:11:35,16.9,2000 +Kron_31,f|O,0:52:59.8,-72:53:53,16.9,2000 +Kron_34,f|O,0:55:34.0,-72:49:58,12.0,2000 +Kron_37,f|O,0:57:47.5,-74:19:37,9.8,2000 +Kron_38,f|O,0:57:48.2,-73:25:19,16.9,2000 +Kron_42,f|O,1:0:35.2,-72:21:57,11.8,2000 +Kron_43,f|O,1:0:49.7,-73:20:57,16.9,2000 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+N_90,f|F,1:29:33,-73:33:43,12,2000 diff --git a/Site/contrib/contrib.html b/Site/contrib/contrib.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0651e9a --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/contrib.html @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + + + + +XEphem Contributions + + + + + +
+

Contributions +

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+Last updated 17 Feb 2019 +

+ +
+

+Follows is a random list of contributions of one sort or another related +to XEphem. We have not necessarily tested these but are happy to serve as a +central exchange for these efforts. If you have questions about these please +contact the authors directly. Send your contribution ideas to +xephem@clearskyinstitute.com. + +

+ +

    + +

  • + Here is an alternative version of + moon.fts that was made using strips of LRO images with low sun angles. It + is a much better match to what you see when viewing a given location while + it is near the terminator. Thanks to Martin Federspiel, Martin.Federspiel at gmx.de. + +

  • + xeseds2.1.pl is + a Perl script that can be used with the fifo interface. Once running, then + when you click on "Telescope GoTo" over many types of objects in Sky View, + a command is sent to put up a new browser window (konquerer by default) to + fetch a page of information about the object from various web sites. It's + quite nice. Thanks go to Tim Walker, twalker@bigpond.net.au. + Note: due to a server config beyond my control, the file name can not end with + .pl so after downloading this file, please remove the "-removeme" portion. + +

  • + Catalogs contributed by Steve Mencinsky, SM310531 at Exchange.Australia.NCR.COM +
      +
    • M31globulars.edb is a list of + principle globular clusters in galaxy M31. +
    • SMC.edb is a list of + deep sky objects in the Magellanic Clouds. +
    • recons100.edb is the complete census + as of January 1, 2000, of objects outside our solar system + known within 10 parsecs. +
    + +

  • + Looking for Motif? Here are prebuilt libraries and include files suitable + for compiling XEphem from source on several systems. Right-click and + Save the desired file, explode, and set the MOTIFI and MOTIFL macros + in Makefile.smple in the XEphem source directory to point to the explode + directory. + + +

  • + Brandon Craig Rhodes has built an excellent astronomical Python library + called + PyEphem + based on XEphem's libraries. Even if you don't use Python check it out, + it's enough to make you switch. + +

  • + XEphem runs very well under Windows using virtualization technologies such as + VirtualBox. You + will need to load a linux distribution such as + Ubuntu. + +

  • + Here are four .fav files of favorite NGC objects for each season of the + year. Contributed by the late Guillermo Andrade, database contributor + par excellent. + + +

  • + Here are two more Constellation Figures files inspired by popular sky + atlases used in Germany and England: + eurofigs_de.csf + and + eurofigs_uk.csf + Put them in your shared or private XEphem directory and it will + automatically become available as a choice in the Sky View -> Options + -> Constellation menu. Contributed by Georg Graf, georg.graf at gmx.de. + +

  • + Bob Abraham has contributed an alterate image of Mars. It is made from + observations from Earth and so more closely matches what a visual observer + sees at the telescope than the Mars Orbiter map included with XEphem. The + image is not perfectly registered with the Martian coordinate system of + database objects but it is close enough for many purposes. Please see his + forum posting + for full details and to download the final image. To use the image in + XEphem, first save your current Mars map in + ShareDir/auxil/marsmap.jpg somewhere then copy in Bob's + image. Thanks Bob, this is a great idea. + +

  • + Open SSL patch from Lutz Mändle < lmaendle at gmx dot net > available + here. + This is a new version dated Jan 2018 and replaces the previous one from Oct 2016. + Many thanks for Lutz continued interest in XEphem. + +

  • + Here is another patch + from Mr. Mändel dated 2018 September. + This one fixes the weather map in the Earth view which also now requires https. + +

  • + Here is another patch + from Mr. Mändel dated 020 September. + This one makes the refraction algorithm more robust when handed an indeterminate altitude. + +

  • + Drop-in replacement for VSOP files in libastro. + Contributed by Gustavo A. Corradi who claims improved accuracy. + +

  • + Improved entries for telescopes on the Canary Islands for the xephem_sites file, contributed by + Peter Suetterlin, pit at astro dot su dot se + 
    +	Isaac Newton Telescope (98-inch)        ;  28 46  0 N   ;  17 53  0 W   ;  2336 ; AST1ADT,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+	Large Earth-based Solar Tel. (LEST)     ;  28 46  0 N   ;  17 53  0 W   ;  2400 ; AST1ADT,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+	Nordic Optical Telescope                ;  28 45  0 N   ;  17 53  0 W   ;  2382 ; AST1ADT,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+	Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma        ;  28 45 30 N   ;  17 52 48 W   ;  2327 ; AST1ADT,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+	Telescopio Nazionale Galileo            ;  28 46  0 N   ;  17 53  0 W   ;  2400 ; AST1ADT,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+	William Herschel Telescope              ;  28 46  0 N   ;  17 53  0 W   ;  2332 ; AST1ADT,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+
+
    + +

  • + Richard Mather has posted + here + a family of Java programs that convert several catalog formats to XEphem .edb format. + +

  • + Here is an updated version of + libip/wcs.c + that supports the CD martix headers from astrometry.net and elsewhere. Thanks to + Roman Tolesnikov, rtolesnikov@yahoo.com. + +
+ +
+ + + diff --git a/Site/contrib/eurofigs_de.csf b/Site/contrib/eurofigs_de.csf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f990d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/eurofigs_de.csf @@ -0,0 +1,964 @@ +# This is an XEphem constellation figure definition file. It must contain +# exactly one figure for each of the 89 constellations. Leading white space, +# blank lines and lines beginning with # are ignored. Each figure definition +# begins with a line containing just its name followed by one or more lines +# of the form: +# drawcode ra dec [comment] +# where +# drawcode is a numeric value indicating a drawing instruction as follows: +# 0 move to ra dec +# 1 draw solid line to ra dec +# 2 draw dashed line to ra dec +# ra is decimal hours or sexigesimal h:m:s +# dec is decimal degrees or sexigesimal d:m:s +# the remainder of the line is ignored and may be any comments, typical is +# the name of a star being drawn to. +# --------------------------------------------------------------- +# European Constellation Figures +# inspired by popular German Observers Sky Atlases +# --------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Andromeda + 0 2.065 42.3167 move gamma 1 + 1 1.16167 35.6167 draw beta + 1 0.655 30.85 draw delta + 1 0.139444 29.0833 draw alpha + 0 1.16167 35.6167 move beta + 2 0.945556 38.4833 draw mu + 2 0.83 41.0667 draw nu + +# to weak - no display! +Antlia + 0 9.48722 -35.95 move epsilon +# 2 10.4522 -31.0667 dotted alpha +# 2 10.945 -37.1333 dotted iota + + + +Apus + 0 14.7972 -79.0333 move alpha + 2 16.3389 -78.6833 dotted delta 1 + 2 16.5572 -78.8833 dotted gamma + 2 16.7178 -77.5167 dotted beta + + +Aquarius + 0 20.7944 -9.48333 move epsilon + 1 21.5256 -5.56667 draw beta + 1 22.0961 -0.316667 draw alpha + 1 22.3606 -1.38333 draw gamma + 1 22.48 -0.0166667 draw zeta 1 + 1 22.5889 -0.116667 draw eta + 1 22.8767 -7.56667 draw lambda + 1 22.8261 -13.5833 draw tau 2 + 1 22.9106 -15.8167 draw delta + 1 23.1572 -21.1667 draw 88 + + + +Aquila + 0 19.7706 10.6 move gamma + 1 19.8461 8.86667 draw alpha + 1 19.9217 6.4 draw beta + 1 20.1883 -0.816667 draw theta + 1 19.8744 1 draw eta + 1 19.4244 3.1 draw delta + 1 19.8461 8.86667 draw alpha + 1 19.09 13.85 draw zeta + 1 19.4244 3.1 draw delta + 1 19.1039 -4.86667 draw lambda + + +Ara + 0 17.5306 -49.8667 move alpha + 1 17.4217 -55.5167 draw beta + 1 17.4228 -56.3667 draw gamma + 1 17.5178 -60.6833 draw delta + 0 16.8294 -59.0333 draw eta + 1 16.9767 -55.9833 draw zeta + 1 16.9928 -53.15 draw epsilon 1 + 0 17.4217 -55.5167 move beta + 1 16.9767 -55.9833 draw zeta + + + +Aries + 0 1.89167 19.2833 move gamma + 1 1.91056 20.8 draw beta + 1 2.11944 23.45 draw alpha + 2 2.83278 27.25 draw 41 + + +Auriga + 0 5.27778 45.9833 move capella + 1 5.99167 44.9333 draw beta + 1 5.995 37.2 draw theta + 1 5.43778 28.6 draw beta tau + 1 4.94944 33.15 draw iota + 1 5.03278 43.8167 draw epsilon + 1 5.27778 45.9833 draw capella + + + +Bootes + 0 14.2606 19.1667 move arcturus + 1 14.7494 27.0667 draw epsilon + 1 15.2583 33.3 draw delta + 1 15.0322 40.3833 draw beta + 1 14.5344 38.3 draw gamma + 1 14.53 30.3667 draw rho + 1 14.2606 19.1667 draw arcturus + 1 13.9111 18.3833 draw eta + +# to weak - no display! +Caelum + 0 5.07333 -35.4833 move gamma +# 2 4.70056 -37.1333 dotted beta +# 2 4.67556 -41.85 dotted alpha +# 2 4.51389 -44.95 dotted delta + + +# to weak - no display! +Camelopardalis + 0 4.90056 66.3333 move alpha +# 2 5.05667 60.4333 dotted beta +# 2 5:6:8.46 58:58:20.6 dotted cam 11 +# 0 5:23:27.8 57:32:39.7 move cam 16 +# 2 5:6:8.46 58:58:20.6 dotted cam 11 +# 2 4:55:3.9 55:15:32.9 dotted cam 5 + + +Cancer + 0 8.77778 28.75 move iota1 + 2 8.72111 21.4667 dotted gamma + 2 8.74444 18.15 dotted delta + 2 8.97444 11.85 dotted alpha + 0 8.74444 18.15 move delta + 2 8.275 9.18333 dotted beta + + +Canes Venatici + 0 12.9333 38.3167 move alpha2 + 2 12.5622 41.35 dotted beta + + +Canis Major + 0 6.37833 -17.95 draw beta + 1 6.75222 -16.7 draw alpha + 1 7.05 -23.8333 draw omicron2 + 1 7.13944 -26.3833 draw delta + 1 7.02833 -27.9333 draw sigma + 1 6.97667 -28.9667 draw epsilon + 2 6:20:18.8 -30:03:48 draw zeta + 0 7.40111 -29.3 move eta + 1 7.13944 -26.3833 draw delta + + +Canis Minor + 0 7.655 5.21667 move alpha + 1 7.45222 8.28333 draw beta + + + +Capricornus + 0 20.2939 -12.5 move alpha1 + 1 20.35 -14.7667 draw beta + 1 20:28:51.6 -17:48:49 draw rho + 1 20.7678 -25.2667 draw psi + 1 20.8633 -26.9167 draw omega + 1 21.1183 -25 draw 24 + 1 21.4444 -22.4 draw zeta + 1 21.6178 -19.45 draw epsilon + 1 21.7839 -16.1167 draw delta + 1 21.6678 -16.65 draw gamma + 1 21.3706 -16.8333 draw iota + 1 21.0989 -17.2167 draw theta + 1 20.35 -14.7667 draw beta + + + +Carina + 0 6.39889 -52.6833 move canopus + 1 8.375 -59.5 draw epsilon + 1 9.28444 -59.2667 draw iota + 1 10.2844 -61.3167 draw 10:17:05 -61:19:56 + 1 10.5333 -61.6833 draw 10:32:01 -61:41:07 + 1 10.7156 -64.3833 draw theta + 1 10.2289 -70.0333 draw omega + 1 9.22 -69.7167 draw beta + 1 9:47:6 -65:4:19 draw upsilon + 1 9.28444 -59.2667 draw iota + + + +Cassiopeia + 0 0.152778 59.1333 move beta + 1 0.675 56.5333 draw alpha + 1 0.945 60.7167 draw gamma + 1 1.43 60.2333 draw delta + 1 1.90611 63.6667 draw epsilon + + +Centaurus + 0 14.6594 -60.8333 move alpha1 + 1 14.0633 -60.3667 draw hadar (agena) + 1 13.6644 -53.45 draw epsilon + 1 13.9256 -47.2833 draw zeta + 1 13.8267 -42.4667 draw mu + 1 13.825 -41.6833 draw nu + 1 13.3428 -36.7 draw iota + 0 13.825 -41.6833 move nu + 1 14.1111 -36.3667 draw theta + 1 14.5917 -42.15 draw eta + 1 14.9856 -42.1 draw kappa + 0 13.6644 -53.45 move epsilon + 1 12.6917 -48.95 draw gamma + 1 12.1389 -50.7167 draw delta + + + +Cepheus + 0 21.3094 62.5833 move alpha + 1 21.4772 70.55 draw beta + 1 23.6556 77.6167 draw gamma + 1 22.8278 66.2 draw iota + 1 22.4861 58.4167 Cep Delta-27 + 1 22.1806 58.2 draw zeta + 1 21.3094 62.5833 move alpha + 1 20.7544 61.8333 draw eta + + +Cetus + 0 3.03778 4.08333 move alpha + 1 2.72167 3.23333 draw gamma + 1 2.65778 0.316667 draw delta + 1 2.32222 -2.96667 draw mira + 1 1.85722 -10.3333 draw zeta + 1 1.4 -8.18333 draw theta + 1 1.14278 -10.1667 draw eta + 1 0.323333 -8.81667 draw iota + 1 0.726111 -17.9833 draw beta + 1 1.14278 -10.1667 draw eta + 0 1.73444 -15.9333 draw tau + 1 1.85722 -10.3333 draw zeta + 0 2.74889 10.1 draw mu + 1 2.46889 8.45 draw xi2 + 1 2.59778 5.58333 draw nu + 1 2.72167 3.23333 draw gamma + + + +Chamaeleon + 0 8.30833 -76.9167 move alpha + 1 10.5911 -78.6 draw gamma + 1 10.7539 -80.4667 draw delta1 + + +Circinus + 0 15.2917 -58.8 move beta + 1 14.7083 -64.9667 draw alpha + 1 15.3894 -59.3167 draw gamma + + +Columba + 0 5.52 -35.4667 move epsilon + 1 5.66056 -34.0667 draw alpha + 1 5.84889 -35.7667 draw beta + 1 5.95889 -35.2833 draw gamma + 1 6.36833 -33.4333 draw delta + 0 5.84889 -35.7667 move beta + 2 5.98556 -42.8 dotted eta + + +Coma Berenices + 0 13.1661 17.5167 move alpha + 2 13.1978 27.8667 dotted beta + 2 12.4489 28.2667 dotted gamma + + +Corona Australis + 0 18:58:43 -37:6:27 move epsilon + 1 19.1067 -37.05 draw gamma + 1 19.1578 -37.9 draw alpha + 1 19.1667 -39.3333 draw beta + 1 19.1389 -40.4833 draw delta + 1 19:3:7 -42:5:43 draw zeta + + + +Corona Borealis + 0 15.5483 31.35 move theta + 1 15.4633 29.1 draw beta + 1 15.5778 26.7 draw alpha + 1 15.7122 26.2833 draw gamma + 1 15.8261 26.0667 draw delta + 1 15.9594 26.8667 draw epsilon + 2 16.0239 29.85 draw iota + + +Corvus + 0 12.1683 -22.6167 draw epsilon + 1 12.5728 -23.3833 draw beta + 1 12.4972 -16.5 draw delta + 1 12.2633 -17.5333 draw gamma + 1 12.1683 -22.6167 draw epsilon + + +Crater + 0 10.9961 -18.2833 move alpha + 1 11.3222 -14.7667 draw delta + 1 11.4144 -17.6833 draw gamma + 1 11.1939 -22.8167 draw beta + + +Crux + 0 12.4428 -63.0833 move alpha1 + 1 12.5189 -57.1 draw gamma + 0 12.795 -59.6833 move beta + 1 12.2522 -58.7333 draw delta + + + +Cygnus + 0 19.5117 27.95 move beta1 + 1 19.9383 35.0833 draw eta + 1 20.37 40.25 draw gamma + 1 20.69 45.2667 draw deneb + 0 19.285 53.3667 move kappa + 2 19.495 51.7167 dotted iota + 2 19.7494 45.1167 dotted delta + 1 20.37 40.25 draw gamma + 1 20.77 33.9667 draw epsilon + 2 21.2156 30.2167 dotted zeta + + +Delphinus + 0 20.5533 11.3 move epsilon + 1 20.6256 14.5833 draw beta + 1 20.7239 15.0667 draw delta + 1 20.7772 16.1167 draw gamma1 + 1 20.6606 15.9 draw alpha + 1 20.6256 14.5833 draw beta + + +Dorado + 0 4.26667 -51.4833 move gamma + 1 4.56611 -55.0333 draw alpha + 1 5.56 -62.4833 draw beta + + + +Draco + 0 11.5233 69.3167 move lambda + 2 12.5578 69.7833 draw kappa + 2 14.0728 64.3667 draw alpha + 2 15.415 58.95 draw iota + 2 16.0311 58.55 draw theta + 2 16.3994 61.5 draw eta + 2 17.1461 65.7 draw zeta + 2 18.3506 72.7167 draw chi + 2 19.8028 70.2667 draw epsilon + 2 19.2089 67.65 draw delta + 2 17.8917 56.8667 draw xi + 2 17.5361 55.1833 draw nu1 + 2 17.5072 52.3 draw beta + 2 17.9433 51.4833 draw gamma + 2 17.8917 56.8667 draw xi + + +Equuleus + 0 21.1722 10.1167 move gamma + 2 21.2411 10 dotted delta + 2 21.2633 5.23333 dotted alpha + + +Eridanus + 0 5.13056 -5.08333 move beta + 1 4.75833 -3.25 draw mu + 1 4.605 -3.35 draw nu + 1 4.19722 -6.83333 draw omicron1 + 1 3.96667 -13.5 draw gamma + 1 3.72056 -9.75 draw delta + 1 3.54833 -9.45 draw epsilon + 1 2.94 -8.88333 draw eta + 1 2.735 -13.85 draw cet pi + 1 2.75167 -18.5667 draw tau1 + 1 3.03944 -23.6167 draw tau3 + 1 3.325 -21.75 draw tau4 + 1 3.56278 -21.6167 draw tau5 + 1 3.78056 -23.2333 draw tau6 + 1 4.59222 -30.55 draw upsilon2 + 1 4.40056 -34.0167 draw 43 + 1 4.29778 -33.7833 draw upsilon4 + 1 3:48:35.4 -37:37:20 draw f + 1 2.97111 -40.3 draw theta2 + 1 2.67778 -39.85 draw iota + 1 2.44944 -47.7 draw kappa + 1 2.275 -51.5 draw phi + 1 1.93222 -51.6 draw chi + 1 1.62833 -57.2333 draw achernar + + +Fornax + 0 3.20111 -28.9833 move alpha + 1 2.81778 -32.4 draw beta + 2 2.07444 -29.2833 dotted nu + + +Gemini + 0 6.62833 16.3833 move gem gamma + 1 7.06833 20.5667 draw gem zeta + 1 7.335 21.9667 draw gem delta + 1 7.755 28.0167 draw pollux + 1 7.57667 31.8833 draw castor + 1 6.73167 25.1167 draw gem epsilon + 1 6.38222 22.5 draw gem mu + 1 6.24778 22.5 draw gem eta + + + +Grus + 0 21.8983 -37.35 move gamma + 1 22.1017 -39.5333 draw lambda + 1 22.4878 -43.4833 draw delta1 + 1 22.7111 -46.8833 draw beta + 1 22.8089 -51.3167 draw epsilon + 0 22.1372 -46.95 move alpha + 1 22.4878 -43.4833 draw delta1 + + + +Hercules + 0 16.3289 46.3 move tau + 1 16.5683 42.4333 draw sigma + 1 16.7144 38.9167 draw eta + 1 16.6878 31.6 draw zeta + 1 16.5033 21.4833 draw beta + 1 16.365 19.15 draw gamma + 0 16.6878 31.6 move zeta + 1 17.0044 30.9167 draw epsilon + 1 17.25 24.8333 draw delta + 1 17.5122 26.1 draw lambda + 1 17.7739 27.7167 draw mu + 1 17.9622 29.2333 draw xi + 1 18.1256 28.75 draw omicron + 0 16.7144 38.9167 move eta + 1 17.2506 36.8 draw pi + 1 17:23:41 37:08:45 draw rho + 1 17.9372 37.25 draw theta + 0 17.0044 30.9167 move epsilon + 1 17.2506 36.8 draw pi + + +# to weak - no display! +Horologium + 0 4.23333 -42.2833 move alpha +# 2 2.70889 -50.8 draw iota +# 2 2.62333 -52.5333 draw eta +# 2 2.67722 -54.55 draw zeta +# 2 3.06 -59.7333 draw mu +# 2 2.97944 -64.0667 draw beta + + +Hydra + 0 14.8378 -27.95 move 58 + 2 14.1061 -26.6667 draw pi + 1 13.315 -23.1667 draw gamma + 1 11.8817 -33.9 draw beta + 1 11.55 -31.85 draw xi + 1 11.1939 -22.8167 draw crt beta + 1 10.9961 -18.2833 draw crt alpha + 1 10.8267 -16.1833 draw nu + 1 10.4344 -16.8333 draw mu + 1 10.1761 -12.35 draw lambda + 1 10.085 -13.05 draw upsilon2 + 1 9.85778 -14.8333 draw upsilon1 + 1 9.45944 -8.65 draw alpha + 1 9.66389 -1.13333 draw iota + 1 9.23889 2.3 draw theta + 1 8.92278 5.93333 draw zeta + 1 8.77944 6.41667 draw epsilon + 1 8.62722 5.7 draw delta + 1 8.64556 3.33333 draw sigma + 1 8.72 3.38333 draw eta + 1 8.80722 5.83333 draw rho + 1 8.77944 6.41667 draw epsilon + + +Hydrus + 0 0.428889 -77.25 draw beta + 1 3.78722 -74.2333 draw gamma + 1 1.97944 -61.5667 draw alpha + + + +Indus + 0 20.6261 -47.2833 move alpha + 2 20.9133 -58.45 dotted beta + 2 20.4272 -56.7333 dotted alpha Pavo + + + +Lacerta + 0 22.3922 52.2167 move beta + 2 22.5211 50.2667 dotted alpha + 2 22.4083 49.4667 dotted 4 + 2 22.4917 47.7 dotted 5 + 2 22.35 46.5333 dotted 2 + + +Leo + 0 10.1394 11.9667 move regulus + 1 10.1222 16.75 draw eta + 1 10.3328 19.8333 draw gamma1 + 1 11.235 20.5167 draw delta + 1 11.8172 14.5667 draw beta + 1 11.2372 15.4167 draw theta + 1 10.1394 11.9667 draw alpha + 0 9.87889 26 move mu + 2 9.41056 26.1667 dotted kappa + 2 9.52833 22.9667 dotted lambda + 2 9.76389 23.7667 dotted epsilon + 1 9.87889 26 draw mu + 1 10.2778 23.4167 draw zeta + 1 10.3328 19.8333 draw gamma1 + + +Leo Minor + 0 10.4644 36.7 move beta + 2 10.8883 34.2 dotted 46 + + + +Lepus + 0 5.94 -14.1667 draw eta + 1 5.78222 -14.8167 draw zeta + 1 5.545 -17.8167 draw alpha + 1 5.215 -16.2 draw mu + 0 5.855 -20.8667 move delta + 1 5.74056 -22.4333 draw gamma + 1 5.47056 -20.75 draw beta + 1 5.09056 -22.3667 draw epsilon + 0 5.545 -17.8167 move alpha + 1 5.47056 -20.75 draw beta + + + +Libra + 0 15.0678 -25.2667 move sigma + 1 14.8478 -16.0333 draw alpha2 + 1 15.2833 -9.36667 draw beta + 1 15.5917 -14.7833 draw gamma + + +Lupus + 0 14.6983 -47.3833 move alpha + 1 14.975 -43.1333 draw beta + 1 15.3561 -40.6333 draw delta + 1 15.3633 -36.25 draw phi1 + 0 15.2044 -52.0833 move zeta + 1 15:11:56 -48:44:16 draw kappa1 + 1 15.3778 -44.6833 draw epsilon + 1 15.5856 -41.1667 draw gamma + 1 16.0017 -38.3833 draw eta + 0 15.5856 -41.1667 move gamma + 1 15.3561 -40.6333 draw delta + + + +Lynx + 0 9.35056 34.3833 move alpha + 2 9.31389 36.8 dotted 38 + 2 9.01056 41.7667 dotted 9:00:38 41:46:58 + 2 8.38056 43.1833 dotted 31 + + + +Lyra + 0 18.6156 38.7833 move vega + 1 18.7461 37.6 draw zeta1 + 1 18.8344 33.35 draw beta + 1 18.9822 32.6833 draw gamma + 1 18.9083 36.8833 draw delta2 + 1 18.7461 37.6 draw zeta1 + + +# to weak - no display! +Mensa + 0 6.17056 -74.75 move alpha +# 2 5.53111 -76.3333 dotted gamma +# 2 4.91944 -74.9333 dotted eta +# 2 5.045 -71.3 dotted beta + + +# to weak - no display! +Microscopium + 0 21.3456 -40.8 move theta1 +# 2 21.2989 -32.1667 dotted epsilon +# 2 21.0211 -32.25 dotted gamma +# 2 20.8328 -33.7667 dotted alpha + + +Monoceros + 0 7.68722 -9.55 move alpha + 2 7.19722 -0.483333 dotted delta + 2 6.48 -7.03333 dotted beta + 2 6.24722 -6.26667 dotted gamma + + +Musca + 0 11.76 -66.7167 move lambda + 1 12.2928 -67.95 draw epsilon + 1 12.6194 -69.1333 draw alpha + 1 12.5411 -72.1167 draw gamma + 1 13.0378 -71.5333 draw delta + 1 12.7711 -68.1 draw beta + 1 12.6194 -69.1333 draw alpha + + +Norma + 0 16.4528 -47.55 move epsilon + 1 16.3306 -50.15 draw gamma2 + + +Octans + 0 21.6911 -77.3833 move nu + 1 22.7672 -81.3667 draw beta + 1 14.4483 -83.6667 draw delta + + +Ophiuchus + 0 17.3667 -24.9833 move theta + 1 17.1728 -15.7167 draw eta + 1 16.6189 -10.5667 draw zeta + 1 16.305 -4.68333 draw epsilon + 1 16.2389 -3.68333 draw delta + 1 17.2439 14.3833 draw alpha Hercules (!) + 1 17.5822 12.55 draw alpha + 1 17.7244 4.56667 draw beta + 1 17.7978 2.7 draw gamma + 1 17.9833 -9.76667 draw nu + + +Orion + 0 5.91944 7.4 move betelgeuse + 1 5.67889 -1.93333 draw zeta + 1 5.79556 -9.66667 draw kappa + 0 5.41833 6.33333 move gamma + 1 5.53333 -0.283333 draw delta + 1 5:17:36 -6:50:40 draw tau + 1 5.24222 -8.2 draw rigel + 0 5.53333 -0.283333 move delta + 1 5.60333 -1.2 draw epsilon + 1 5.67889 -1.93333 draw zeta + + +Pavo + 0 20.4272 -56.7333 move alpha + 1 20:44:57.46 -66:12:10.9 draw beta + 1 20.0094 -72.9 draw epsilon + 1 18.7172 -71.4167 draw zeta + 1 17.7617 -64.7167 draw eta + 1 18.87 -62.1833 draw lambda + 1 20.145 -66.1667 draw delta + 1 20:44:57.46 -66:12:10.9 draw beta + + +Pegasus + 0 21.7361 9.86667 move epsilon + 1 22.17 6.18333 draw theta + 1 22.6906 10.8167 draw zeta + 1 22:46:41 12:10:19 draw xi + 1 23.0789 15.2 draw alpha + 1 0.220556 15.1833 draw gamma + 1 0.139444 29.0833 draw and alpha + 1 23.0628 28.0667 draw beta + 1 23.0789 15.2 draw alpha + 0 22.7167 30.2167 move eta + 1 23.0628 28.0667 draw beta + + + +Perseus + 0 3.07944 53.5 move gamma + 1 3.405 49.85 draw alpha + 1 3.715 47.7833 draw delta + 1 3.96389 40 draw epsilon + 1 3.90167 31.8833 draw zeta + 0 3.405 49.85 move alpha + 1 3.13611 40.95 draw algol + 2 3.08611 38.8333 draw rho + + +Phoenix + 0 0.437778 -42.3 move alpha + 1 1.47222 -43.3167 draw gamma + 1 1.52056 -49.0667 draw delta + 1 1.10111 -46.7167 draw beta + 1 0.437778 -42.3 draw alpha + + + +Pictor + 0 6.80278 -61.9333 move alpha + 2 5.83 -56.1667 dotted gamma + 2 5.78778 -51.05 dotted beta + + +Pisces + 0 1.52444 15.3333 move eta + 1 1.75611 9.15 draw omicron + 1 2.03389 2.75 draw alpha + 1 1.89222 3.18333 draw xi + 1 1.69 5.48333 draw nu + 1 1.50278 6.13333 draw mu + 1 1.04889 7.88333 draw epsilon + 1 0.811111 7.58333 draw delta + 1 23.9883 6.85 draw omega + 1 23.6656 5.61667 draw iota + 1 23.4661 6.36667 draw theta + 1 23.2856 3.26667 draw gamma + + +Piscis Austrinus + 0 22.6772 -27.0333 move epsilon + 1 22.9606 -29.6167 draw fomalhaut + 1 22.9322 -32.5333 draw delta + 1 22.875 -32.8667 draw gamma + 1 22.525 -32.3333 draw beta + + + +Puppis + 0 8.12556 -24.3 move rho + 1 7:56:51.49 -21:52:48 move pup 11 + 1 7.82111 -24.85 draw xi + 1 7.64667 -26.8 draw chi + 1 7.28556 -37.0833 draw pi + 1 6.62889 -43.1833 draw nu + 1 6:49:56.22 -50:36:53.4 draw tau + 1 7:29:13.85 -43:18:4 draw sigma + 1 8.05944 -40 draw zeta + 1 7.28556 -37.0833 draw pi + + + +Pyxis + 0 8.84167 -27.7 move gamma + 1 8.72611 -33.1833 draw alpha + 1 8.66833 -35.3 draw beta + + +Reticulum + 0 4.24 -62.4667 move alpha + 1 3.73667 -64.8 draw beta + 1 3.97889 -61.4 draw delta + 1 4.27444 -59.3 draw epsilon + 1 4.24 -62.4667 draw alpha + + +Sagitta + 0 19.6678 18 move alpha + 1 19.7894 18.5333 draw delta + 1 19.9789 19.4833 draw gamma + 0 19.7894 18.5333 move delta + 1 19.6839 17.4667 draw beta + + +Sagittarius + 0 18.4028 -34.3833 move epsilon + 1 18.3494 -29.8167 draw delta + 1 18.4661 -25.4167 draw lambda + 1 18.7606 -26.9833 draw phi + 1 18.9206 -26.2833 draw sigma + 1 19.1156 -27.6667 draw tau + 1 19.0433 -29.8667 draw zeta + 0 18.2933 -36.75 move eta + 2 18.4028 -34.3833 dotted epsilon + 0 18.0967 -30.4167 move gamma + 2 18.3494 -29.8167 dotted delta + 0 18.2289 -21.05 move mu + 2 18.4661 -25.4167 dotted lambda + 0 18.9617 -21.1 move xi2 + 2 19.0778 -21.7333 dotted omicron + 0 19.1622 -21.0167 move pi + 2 19.0778 -21.7333 dotted omicron + 2 18.9206 -26.2833 dotted sigma + + + +Scorpius + 0 17.56 -37.1 move lambda + 1 17.7078 -39.0167 draw kappa + 1 17.7928 -40.1167 draw iota1 + 1 17.6217 -42.9833 draw theta + 1 17.2022 -43.2333 draw eta + 1 16.9094 -42.35 draw zeta 2 + 1 16.8644 -38.0333 draw mu 1 + 1 16.8356 -34.2833 draw epsilon + 1 16.5978 -28.2 draw tau + 1 16.49 -26.4167 draw antares + 1 16.3528 -25.5833 draw sigma + 1 16.0906 -19.8 draw beta1 + 0 16.0056 -22.6167 move delta + 1 16.3528 -25.5833 draw sigma + 0 15.9806 -26.1 move pi + 1 16.3528 -25.5833 draw sigma + + +# to weak - no display! +Sculptor + 0 0.976667 -29.35 move alpha +#1 23.815 -28.1167 draw delta +#1 23.3133 -32.5167 draw gamma +#1 23.5494 -37.8167 draw beta + + +Scutum + 0 18.5867 -8.23333 move alpha + 1 18.7861 -4.73333 draw beta + 2 18.7044 -9.05 dotted delta + 2 18.4861 -14.55 dotted gamma + 2 18.5867 -8.23333 dotted alpha + + +Serpens Caput + 0 15.7694 15.4167 move ser beta + 1 15.8122 18.1333 draw ser kappa + 2 15.9406 15.65 dotted ser gamma + 1 15.7694 15.4167 draw ser beta + 1 15.58 10.5333 draw ser delta + 1 15.7378 6.41667 draw ser alpha + 1 15.8467 4.46667 draw ser epsilon + 1 16.2389 -3.68333 draw oph delta + + + +Serpens Cauda + 0 18.9367 4.2 move ser theta1 + 1 18.355 -2.88333 draw ser eta + 1 17.9833 -9.76667 draw oph nu + 1 17.6261 -15.3833 draw ser xi + 1 17.1728 -15.7167 draw oph eta + + +# to weak - no display! +Sextans + 0 10.4911 -2.73333 move delta +# 2 10.5044 -0.633333 dotted beta +# 2 10.1322 -0.366667 dotted alpha +# 2 9.875 -8.1 dotted gamma + + +Taurus + 0 4.32944 15.6167 move gamma + 1 4.47611 15.95 draw theta1 + 1 4.59833 16.5 draw aldebaran + 1 5.62722 21.1333 draw zeta + 0 4.32944 15.6167 move gamma + 1 4.38222 17.5333 draw delta1 + 1 4.42444 17.9167 draw delta3 + 1 4.47667 19.1667 draw epsilon + 1 5.43778 28.6 draw beta + 0 3.45278 9.71667 move xi + 2 4.01111 12.4833 draw lambda + 2 4.32944 15.6167 draw gamma + + +Telescopium + 0 18.1867 -45.95 move epsilon + 2 18.4494 -45.9667 dotted alpha + 1 18.48 -49.0667 draw zeta + + +Triangulum + 0 1.88444 29.5667 move alpha + 1 2.15889 34.9833 draw beta + 1 2.28833 33.8333 draw gamma + 1 1.88444 29.5667 draw alpha + + +Triangulum Australe + 0 16.8106 -69.0167 move alpha + 1 15.9189 -63.4167 draw beta + 1 15.6117 -66.3167 draw epsilon + 1 15.315 -68.6667 draw gamma + 1 16.8106 -69.0167 draw alpha + + +Tucana + 0 22.3083 -60.25 move alpha + 1 23.29 -58.2333 draw gamma + 1 0.525556 -62.95 draw beta1 + + +Ursa Major + 0 13.7922 49.3 move eta + 1 13.3983 54.9167 draw mizar a + 1 12.9 55.95 draw epsilon + 1 12.2567 57.0167 draw delta + 1 11.8967 53.6833 draw gamma + 1 11.0306 56.3667 draw beta + 1 11.0617 61.75 draw alpha + 1 12.2567 57.0167 draw delta + 0 11.8967 53.6833 move gamma + 2 11.7672 47.7667 dotted chi + 2 11.1606 44.4833 dotted psi + 2 10.3717 41.4833 dotted mu + 0 11.0617 61.75 move alpha + 2 9.525 63.05 dotted 23 + 2 8.50389 60.7167 dotted omicron + 0 9.525 63.05 move 23 + 2 9.84944 59.0333 dotted upsilon + 2 9.54722 51.6667 dotted theta + 2 8.98667 48.0333 dotted iota + + +Ursa Minor + 0 2.53 89.25 move polaris + 1 17.5367 86.5833 draw umi delta + 1 16.7661 82.0333 draw umi epsilon + 1 15.7339 77.7833 draw umi zeta + 1 14.845 74.15 draw umi beta + 1 15.345 71.8333 draw umi gamma + 1 16.2917 75.75 draw umi eta + 1 15.7339 77.7833 draw umi zeta + + +Vela + 0 8.745 -54.7 move delta + 1 8.15778 -47.3333 draw gamma1 + 1 9.13278 -43.4167 draw lambda + 1 8.745 -54.7 draw delta + 1 9.36833 -55 draw kappa + 1 9.13278 -43.4167 draw lambda + + + + +Virgo + 0 13.4194 -11.15 move spica + 1 13.1656 -5.53333 draw theta + 1 12.6939 -1.43333 draw gamma + 1 12.3317 -0.666667 draw eta + 1 11.8444 1.75 draw beta + 1 11.7639 6.51667 draw nu + 0 13.5778 -0.583333 move zeta + 1 13.1656 -5.53333 draw theta + 0 13.0361 10.95 move epsilon + 1 12.9267 3.38333 draw delta + 1 12.6939 -1.43333 draw gamma + + +Volans + 0 9.04056 -66.3833 move alpha + 1 8.42889 -66.1333 draw beta + 1 7.28 -67.95 draw delta + 1 7.145 -70.4833 draw gamma1 + 1 7.69667 -72.6 draw zeta + + +Vulpecula + 0 19.8906 24.0667 move 13 + 2 19.4783 24.65 dotted alpha diff --git a/Site/contrib/eurofigs_uk.csf b/Site/contrib/eurofigs_uk.csf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5eb5f48 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/eurofigs_uk.csf @@ -0,0 +1,1086 @@ +# This is an XEphem constellation figure definition file. It must contain +# exactly one figure for each of the 89 constellations. Leading white space, +# blank lines and lines beginning with # are ignored. Each figure definition +# begins with a line containing just its name followed by one or more lines +# of the form: +# drawcode ra dec [comment] +# where +# drawcode is a numeric value indicating a drawing instruction as follows: +# 0 move to ra dec +# 1 draw solid line to ra dec +# 2 draw dashed line to ra dec +# ra is decimal hours or sexigesimal h:m:s +# dec is decimal degrees or sexigesimal d:m:s +# the remainder of the line is ignored and may be any comments, typical is +# the name of a star being drawn to. +# --------------------------------------------------------------- +# European Constellation Figures +# inspired by Figures often seen in English Sky Atlases +# --------------------------------------------------------------- + + +Andromeda + 0 2.065 42.3167 move gamma 1 + 1 1.16167 35.6167 draw beta + 1 0.655 30.85 draw delta + 1 0.139444 29.0833 draw alpha + 0 1.16167 35.6167 move beta + 1 0.945556 38.4833 draw mu + 1 0.83 41.0667 draw nu + +# to weak - no display! +Antlia + 0 9.48722 -35.95 move epsilon +# 2 10.4522 -31.0667 dotted alpha +# 2 10.945 -37.1333 dotted iota + + + +Apus + 0 14.7972 -79.0333 move alpha + 2 16.3389 -78.6833 dotted delta 1 + 2 16.5572 -78.8833 dotted gamma + 2 16.7178 -77.5167 dotted beta + + +Aquarius + 0 20.7944 -9.48333 move epsilon + 1 21.5256 -5.56667 draw beta + 1 22.0961 -0.316667 draw alpha + 1 22.3606 -1.38333 draw gamma + 1 22.48 -0.0166667 draw zeta 1 + 1 22.5889 -0.116667 draw eta + 1 23.2383 -6.03333 draw phi + 1 22.8767 -7.56667 draw lambda + 1 22.8261 -13.5833 draw tau 2 + 1 22.9106 -15.8167 draw delta + 1 23.1572 -21.1667 draw 88 + 0 22.48 -0.0166667 move zeta 1 + 1 22:25:16.63 1:22:38.7 draw pi + 0 22.0961 -0.316667 move alpha + 1 22.2806 -7.78333 draw theta + 1 22:06:26.23 -13:52:10.9 draw iota + + + +Aquila + 0 20.1883 -0.816667 move theta + 1 19.8461 8.86667 draw alpha + 1 19.7706 10.6 draw gamma + 1 19.09 13.85 draw zeta + 1 18:59:37 15:4:5 draw epsilon + 0 19.8461 8.86667 move alpha + 1 19.4244 3.1 draw delta + 1 19.1039 -4.86667 draw lambda + + + + +Ara + 0 17.5306 -49.8667 move alpha + 1 17.4217 -55.5167 draw beta + 1 17.4228 -56.3667 draw gamma + 1 16.9767 -55.9833 draw zeta + 1 16.9928 -53.15 draw epsilon 1 + 1 17.5306 -49.8667 draw alpha + + + + +Aries + 0 1.89167 19.2833 move gamma + 1 1.91056 20.8 draw beta + 1 2.11944 23.45 draw alpha + 1 2.83278 27.25 draw 41 + + +Auriga + 0 5.27778 45.9833 move capella + 1 5.99167 44.9333 draw beta + 1 5.995 37.2 draw theta + 1 5.43778 28.6 draw beta tau + 1 4.94944 33.15 draw iota + 1 5.04111 41.0667 draw zeta + 1 5:06:30.89 41:14:04.1 draw eta + 1 5.03278 43.8167 draw epsilon + 1 5.27778 45.9833 draw capella + + + +Bootes + 0 14.2606 19.1667 move arcturus + 1 14.7494 27.0667 draw epsilon + 1 15.2583 33.3 draw delta + 1 15.0322 40.3833 draw beta + 1 14.5344 38.3 draw gamma + 1 14.53 30.3667 draw rho + 1 14.2606 19.1667 draw arcturus +# 1 13.9111 18.3833 draw eta + + +# to weak - no display! +Caelum + 0 5.07333 -35.4833 move gamma +# 2 4.70056 -37.1333 dotted beta +# 2 4.67556 -41.85 dotted alpha +# 2 4.51389 -44.95 dotted delta + + +# to weak - no display! +Camelopardalis + 0 4.90056 66.3333 move alpha +# 2 5.05667 60.4333 dotted beta +# 2 5:6:8.46 58:58:20.6 dotted cam 11 +# 0 5:23:27.8 57:32:39.7 move cam 16 +# 2 5:6:8.46 58:58:20.6 dotted cam 11 +# 2 4:55:3.9 55:15:32.9 dotted cam 5 + + +Cancer + 0 8.77778 28.75 move iota1 + 2 8.72111 21.4667 dotted gamma + 2 8.74444 18.15 dotted delta + 2 8.97444 11.85 dotted alpha + 0 8.74444 18.15 move delta + 2 8.275 9.18333 dotted beta + + +Canes Venatici + 0 12.9333 38.3167 move alpha2 + 2 12.5622 41.35 dotted beta + + +Canis Major + 0 6.37833 -17.95 draw beta + 1 6.75222 -16.7 draw alpha + 1 7.05 -23.8333 draw omicron2 + 1 7.13944 -26.3833 draw delta + 1 7.02833 -27.9333 draw sigma + 1 6.97667 -28.9667 draw epsilon + 1 6:20:18.8 -30:03:48 draw zeta + 0 7.40111 -29.3 move eta + 1 7.13944 -26.3833 draw delta + + +Canis Minor + 0 7.655 5.21667 move alpha + 1 7.45222 8.28333 draw beta + + + +Capricornus + 0 20.2939 -12.5 move alpha1 + 1 20.35 -14.7667 draw beta + 1 20:28:51.6 -17:48:49 draw rho + 1 20.7678 -25.2667 draw psi + 1 20.8633 -26.9167 draw omega + 0 21.7839 -16.1167 move delta + 1 21.6678 -16.65 draw gamma + 1 21.4444 -22.4 draw zeta + 1 21.3706 -16.8333 draw iota + 1 21.0989 -17.2167 draw theta + 1 20.35 -14.7667 draw beta + + + +Carina + 0 6.39889 -52.6833 move canopus + 1 9.22 -69.7167 draw beta + 1 10.2289 -70.0333 draw omega + 1 10.7156 -64.3833 draw theta + 1 10.5333 -61.6833 draw 10:32:01 -61:41:07 PP Car + 1 9.28444 -59.2667 draw iota + 1 8.375 -59.5 draw epsilon + 2 7:56:46.71 -52:58:56.5 dotted chi + + + +Cassiopeia + 0 0.152778 59.1333 move beta + 1 0.675 56.5333 draw alpha + 1 0.945 60.7167 draw gamma + 1 1.43 60.2333 draw delta + 1 1.90611 63.6667 draw epsilon + + +Centaurus + 0 14.6594 -60.8333 move alpha1 + 1 13.6644 -53.45 draw epsilon + 1 14.0633 -60.3667 draw hadar (agena) + 0 14.1111 -36.3667 move theta + 1 13.825 -41.6833 draw nu + 1 13.9256 -47.2833 draw zeta + 1 13.6644 -53.45 move epsilon + 1 12.6917 -48.95 draw gamma + 1 13.3428 -36.7 draw iota + 1 13.825 -41.6833 draw nu + + + +Cepheus + 0 21.3094 62.5833 move alpha + 1 21.4772 70.55 draw beta + 1 23.6556 77.6167 draw gamma + 1 22.8278 66.2 draw iota +# 1 22.4861 58.4167 Cep Delta-27 + 1 22.1806 58.2 draw zeta + 1 21.3094 62.5833 move alpha +# 1 20.7544 61.8333 draw eta + + + +Cetus + 0 3.03778 4.08333 move alpha + 1 2.72167 3.23333 draw gamma +# 1 2.65778 0.316667 draw delta + 1 2.32222 -2.96667 draw mira +# 1 1.85722 -10.3333 draw zeta +# 1 1.4 -8.18333 draw theta + 1 1.14278 -10.1667 draw eta + 1 0.323333 -8.81667 draw iota + 1 0.726111 -17.9833 draw beta + 1 1.14278 -10.1667 draw eta +# 0 1.73444 -15.9333 draw tau +# 1 1.85722 -10.3333 draw zeta +# 0 2.74889 10.1 draw mu +# 1 2.46889 8.45 draw xi2 +# 1 2.59778 5.58333 draw nu +# 1 2.72167 3.23333 draw gamma + + + +Chamaeleon + 0 8.30833 -76.9167 move alpha + 1 10.5911 -78.6 draw gamma + 1 12:18:20.82 -79:18:44 draw beta +# 1 10.7539 -80.4667 draw delta1 + 1 10:45:47 -80:32:24.7 draw delta2 + 1 8:20:38.54 -77:29:04.1 draw theta + 1 8.30833 -76.9167 draw alpha + + +Circinus + 0 15.2917 -58.8 move beta + 1 14.7083 -64.9667 draw alpha + 1 15.3894 -59.3167 draw gamma + + +Columba + 0 5.52 -35.4667 move epsilon + 1 5.66056 -34.0667 draw alpha + 1 5.84889 -35.7667 draw beta + 1 5.95889 -35.2833 draw gamma + 1 6:16:33.14 -35:08:25.9 draw kappa + 1 6.36833 -33.4333 draw delta + 0 5.98556 -42.8 move eta + 1 5.84889 -35.7667 draw beta + + + +Coma Berenices + 0 13.1661 17.5167 move alpha + 2 13.1978 27.8667 dotted beta + 2 12.4489 28.2667 dotted gamma + + +Corona Australis + 0 18:58:43 -37:6:27 move epsilon + 1 19.1067 -37.05 draw gamma + 1 19.1578 -37.9 draw alpha + 1 19.1667 -39.3333 draw beta + 1 19.1389 -40.4833 draw delta + 1 19:3:7 -42:5:43 draw zeta + + + +Corona Borealis + 0 15.5483 31.35 move theta + 1 15.4633 29.1 draw beta + 1 15.5778 26.7 draw alpha + 1 15.7122 26.2833 draw gamma + 1 15.8261 26.0667 draw delta + 1 15.9594 26.8667 draw epsilon + 2 16.0239 29.85 draw iota + + +Corvus + 0 12.1683 -22.6167 draw epsilon + 1 12.5728 -23.3833 draw beta + 1 12.4972 -16.5 draw delta + 1 12.2633 -17.5333 draw gamma + 1 12.1683 -22.6167 draw epsilon + + +Crater + 0 11:36:40.91 -9:48:08.1 move theta + 1 11:24:36.59 -10:51:33.6 draw epsilon + 1 11.3222 -14.7667 draw delta + 1 11.4144 -17.6833 draw gamma + 1 11:44:45.78 -18:21:02.4 draw zeta + 0 11.3222 -14.7667 move delta + 1 10.9961 -18.2833 draw alpha + 1 11.1939 -22.8167 draw beta + 1 11.4144 -17.6833 draw gamma + + +Crux + 0 12.4428 -63.0833 move alpha1 + 1 12.5189 -57.1 draw gamma + 0 12.795 -59.6833 move beta + 1 12.2522 -58.7333 draw delta + + + +Cygnus + 0 19.5117 27.95 move beta1 + 1 19.9383 35.0833 draw eta + 1 20.37 40.25 draw gamma + 1 20.69 45.2667 draw deneb + 0 19.285 53.3667 move kappa + 1 19.495 51.7167 dotted iota + 1 19.7494 45.1167 dotted delta + 1 20.37 40.25 draw gamma + 1 20.77 33.9667 draw epsilon + 1 21.2156 30.2167 dotted zeta + + +Delphinus + 0 20.5533 11.3 move epsilon + 1 20.6256 14.5833 draw beta + 1 20.7239 15.0667 draw delta + 1 20.7772 16.1167 draw gamma1 + 1 20.6606 15.9 draw alpha + 1 20.6256 14.5833 draw beta + + +Dorado + 0 4.26667 -51.4833 move gamma + 1 4.56611 -55.0333 draw alpha + 1 5:05:30.66 -57:28:21.7 draw zeta + 1 5.56 -62.4833 draw beta + 1 5:44:46.38 -65:44:07.9 draw delta + 0 5:54:06.05 -63:05:22.7 move SAO 249390 + 1 5.56 -62.4833 draw beta + + + +Draco + 0 10:35:05.48 75:42:46.6 draw BD+76 393 + 2 11.5233 69.3167 move lambda + 2 12.5578 69.7833 draw kappa + 2 14.0728 64.3667 draw alpha + 2 15.415 58.95 draw iota + 2 16.0311 58.55 draw theta + 2 16.3994 61.5 draw eta + 2 17.1461 65.7 draw zeta + 2 18.3506 72.7167 draw chi + 2 19.8028 70.2667 draw epsilon + 2 19.2089 67.65 draw delta + 2 17.8917 56.8667 draw xi + 2 17.5361 55.1833 draw nu1 + 2 17.5072 52.3 draw beta + 2 17.9433 51.4833 draw gamma + 2 17.8917 56.8667 draw xi + + + +Equuleus + 0 21.1722 10.1167 move gamma + 2 21.2633 5.23333 dotted alpha + 2 21:22:53.60 6:48:40.0 dotted beta + 2 21.2411 10 dotted delta + 2 21.1722 10.1167 dotted gamma + + + +Eridanus + 0 5:09:08.78 -8:45:14.7 draw lambda + 1 5.13056 -5.08333 move beta + 1 4:52:53.67 -5:27:09.7 draw omega + 1 4.75833 -3.25 draw mu + 1 4.605 -3.35 draw nu + 1 4.19722 -6.83333 draw omicron1 + 1 3.96667 -13.5 draw gamma + 1 3.72056 -9.75 draw delta + 1 3.54833 -9.45 draw epsilon + 1 2.94 -8.88333 draw eta + 1 2.735 -13.85 draw cet pi + 1 2.75167 -18.5667 draw tau1 + 1 3.03944 -23.6167 draw tau3 + 1 3.325 -21.75 draw tau4 + 1 3.56278 -21.6167 draw tau5 + 1 3.78056 -23.2333 draw tau6 + 1 4.59222 -30.55 draw upsilon2 + 1 4.40056 -34.0167 draw 43 + 1 4.29778 -33.7833 draw upsilon4 + 1 3:48:35.4 -37:37:20 draw f + 1 2.97111 -40.3 draw theta2 + 1 2.67778 -39.85 draw iota + 1 2.44944 -47.7 draw kappa + 1 2.275 -51.5 draw phi + 1 1.93222 -51.6 draw chi + 1 1.62833 -57.2333 draw achernar + + +Fornax + 0 3.20111 -28.9833 move alpha + 1 2.81778 -32.4 draw beta + 2 2.07444 -29.2833 dotted nu + + +Gemini + 0 6.75444 12.8833 move gem xi + 1 6.62833 16.3833 draw gem gamma + 1 6.48222 20.2 draw gem nu + 1 6.38222 22.5 draw gem mu + 1 6.73167 25.1167 draw gem epsilon + 1 7.18556 30.2333 draw gem tau + 1 7.485 31.7833 draw gem rho + 1 7.57667 31.8833 draw castor + 1 7.755 28.0167 move pollux + 1 7.74056 24.3833 draw gem kappa + 1 7.335 21.9667 draw gem delta + 1 7.06833 20.5667 draw gem zeta + 1 6.62833 16.3833 draw gem gamma + + +Grus + 0 21.8983 -37.35 move gamma + 1 22.4878 -43.4833 draw delta1 + 1 22.7111 -46.8833 draw beta + 1 22.8089 -51.3167 draw epsilon + 1 23.0144 -52.75 draw zeta + 0 23:06:52.73 -43:31:13.3 move theta + 1 23:10:21.54 -45:14:48.2 draw iota + 1 22.7111 -46.8833 move beta + 1 22.1372 -46.95 draw alpha + + + +Hercules + 0 16.3289 46.3 move tau + 1 16.5683 42.4333 draw sigma + 1 16.7144 38.9167 draw eta + 1 16.6878 31.6 draw zeta + 1 16.5033 21.4833 draw beta +# 1 16.365 19.15 draw gamma + 0 16.6878 31.6 move zeta + 1 17.0044 30.9167 draw epsilon + 1 17.25 24.8333 draw delta + 1 17.5122 26.1 draw lambda + 1 17.7739 27.7167 draw mu + 0 17.2439 14.3833 move alpha Hercules + 1 17.25 24.8333 draw delta +# 1 17.9622 29.2333 draw xi +# 1 18.1256 28.75 draw omicron + 0 16.7144 38.9167 move eta + 1 17.2506 36.8 draw pi + 1 17:23:41 37:08:45 draw rho + 1 17.9372 37.25 draw theta + 0 17.0044 30.9167 move epsilon + 1 17.2506 36.8 draw pi + + +# to weak - no display! +Horologium + 0 4.23333 -42.2833 move alpha +# 2 2.70889 -50.8 draw iota +# 2 2.62333 -52.5333 draw eta +# 2 2.67722 -54.55 draw zeta +# 2 3.06 -59.7333 draw mu +# 2 2.97944 -64.0667 draw beta + + + +Hydra +# 0 14.8378 -27.95 move 58 + 0 14.1061 -26.6667 draw pi + 1 13.315 -23.1667 draw gamma + 1 11.8817 -33.9 draw beta + 1 11.55 -31.85 draw xi + 1 11.1939 -22.8167 draw crt beta + 1 10.9961 -18.2833 draw crt alpha + 1 10.8267 -16.1833 draw nu + 1 10.4344 -16.8333 draw mu + 1 10.1761 -12.35 draw lambda +# 1 10.085 -13.05 draw upsilon2 + 1 9.85778 -14.8333 draw upsilon1 + 1 9.45944 -8.65 draw alpha + 1 9.66389 -1.13333 draw iota + 1 9.23889 2.3 draw theta + 1 8.92278 5.93333 draw zeta + 1 8.77944 6.41667 draw epsilon + 1 8.62722 5.7 draw delta + 1 8.64556 3.33333 draw sigma + 1 8.72 3.38333 draw eta + 1 8.92278 5.93333 draw zeta +# 1 8.80722 5.83333 draw rho +# 1 8.77944 6.41667 draw epsilon + + + +Hydrus + 0 1.97944 -61.5667 draw alpha + 1 1:54:56.13 -67:38:50.3 draw eta2 + 1 2:21:44.94 -68:39:33.9 draw delta + 1 2:39:35.36 -68:16:01.0 draw epsilon + 1 0.428889 -77.25 draw beta + 1 3.78722 -74.2333 draw gamma + + +Indus + 0 21:57:55.07 -54:59:33.3 move delta + 1 21:19:51.99 -53:26:57.9 dotted theta + 1 20.6261 -47.2833 dotted alpha + 0 20.9133 -58.45 move beta + 1 21:19:51.99 -53:26:57.9 dotted theta + + + +Lacerta + 0 22:15:58.18 37:44:55.5 move 1 + 2 22:13:52.70 39:42:54.0 dotted HD 211073 + 2 22:30:29.26 43:07:24.2 dotted 6 + 2 22:40:30.86 44:16:34.7 dotted 11 + 0 22.35 46.5333 move 2 + 2 22:30:29.26 43:07:24.2 dotted 6 + 2 22.4917 47.7 dotted 5 + 2 22.5211 50.2667 dotted alpha + 2 22.3922 52.2167 dotted beta + 2 22.4083 49.4667 dotted 4 + 2 22.4917 47.7 dotted 5 + + + +Leo + 0 10.1394 11.9667 move regulus + 1 10.1222 16.75 draw eta + 1 10.3328 19.8333 draw gamma1 + 1 11.235 20.5167 draw delta + 1 11.8172 14.5667 draw beta + 1 11.2372 15.4167 draw theta + 1 10.1394 11.9667 draw alpha + 0 9.87889 26 move mu + 1 9.41056 26.1667 dotted kappa + 1 9.52833 22.9667 dotted lambda + 1 9.76389 23.7667 dotted epsilon + 1 9.87889 26 draw mu + 1 10.2778 23.4167 draw zeta + 1 10.3328 19.8333 draw gamma1 + 0 11:23:55.45 10:31:46.2 move iota + 1 11.2372 15.4167 draw theta + 0 10:32:48.67 9:18:23.7 move rho + 1 10.1394 11.9667 draw regulus + 1 9:41:09.03 9:53:32.3 draw omikron + + +Leo Minor + 0 10:07:25.76 35:14:40.9 move 21 + 2 10.4644 36.7 dotted beta + 2 10.8883 34.2 dotted 46 + + + +Lepus + 0 5.94 -14.1667 draw eta + 1 5.78222 -14.8167 draw zeta + 1 5.545 -17.8167 draw alpha + 1 5.215 -16.2 draw mu + 1 5.09056 -22.3667 draw epsilon + 0 5.855 -20.8667 move delta + 1 5.74056 -22.4333 draw gamma + 1 5.47056 -20.75 draw beta + 1 5.09056 -22.3667 draw epsilon + 0 5.545 -17.8167 move alpha + 1 5.47056 -20.75 draw beta + + + +Libra + 0 15.6167 -28.1333 move upsilon + 2 15.0678 -25.2667 draw sigma + 1 14.8478 -16.0333 draw alpha2 + 1 15.2833 -9.36667 draw beta + 2 15.5917 -14.7833 draw gamma + 2 15:53:49.54 -16:43:45.5 draw theta + 0 15.2833 -9.36667 move beta + 1 15.0678 -25.2667 draw sigma + + +Lupus + 0 14.6983 -47.3833 move alpha + 1 14.975 -43.1333 draw beta + 1 15.3561 -40.6333 draw delta + 1 15.3633 -36.25 draw phi1 + 0 15.2044 -52.0833 move zeta + 1 15:11:56 -48:44:16 draw kappa1 + 1 15.3778 -44.6833 draw epsilon + 1 15.5856 -41.1667 draw gamma + 1 16.0017 -38.3833 draw eta + 0 15.5856 -41.1667 move gamma + 1 15.3561 -40.6333 draw delta + + + +Lynx + 0 9.35056 34.3833 move alpha + 2 9.31389 36.8 dotted 38 + 2 9.01056 41.7667 dotted 9:00:38 41:46:58 + 2 8.38056 43.1833 dotted 31 + 2 7:26:42.85 49:12:41.5 dotted 21 + 2 6:57:16.50 58:25:21.0 dotted 15 + 2 6:46:14.13 59:26:30.0 dotted 12 + + + + +Lyra + 0 18.6156 38.7833 move vega + 1 18.7461 37.6 draw zeta1 + 1 18.8344 33.35 draw beta + 1 18.9822 32.6833 draw gamma + 1 18.9083 36.8833 draw delta2 + 1 18.7461 37.6 draw zeta1 + 0 18:55:20.10 43:56:45.9 move 13 + 1 18:44:22.90 39:36:47.0 draw 5 + 1 18.6156 38.7833 draw vega + 1 18:19:51.71 36:03:52.4 draw kappa + + + +# to weak - no display! +Mensa + 0 6.17056 -74.75 move alpha +# 2 5.53111 -76.3333 dotted gamma +# 2 4.91944 -74.9333 dotted eta +# 2 5.045 -71.3 dotted beta + + +# to weak - no display! +Microscopium + 0 21.3456 -40.8 move theta1 +# 2 21.2989 -32.1667 dotted epsilon +# 2 21.0211 -32.25 dotted gamma +# 2 20.8328 -33.7667 dotted alpha + + + +Monoceros + 0 8:08:35.65 -2:59:01.6 move zeta + 2 7.68722 -9.55 dotted alpha + 2 7.19722 -0.483333 dotted delta + 2 6.48 -7.03333 dotted beta + 2 6.24722 -6.26667 dotted gamma + 2 6:23:46.09 4:35:34.3 dotted epsilon + 2 6:32:54.23 7:19:58.7 dotted 13 + + +Musca + 0 11.76 -66.7167 move lambda + 1 12.2928 -67.95 draw epsilon + 1 12.6194 -69.1333 draw alpha + 1 13.0378 -71.5333 draw delta + 0 12.7711 -68.1 move beta + 1 12.6194 -69.1333 draw alpha + 1 12.5411 -72.1167 draw gamma + + +Norma + 0 16.4528 -47.55 move epsilon + 1 16.3306 -50.15 draw gamma2 + 1 16:03:12.90 -49:13:46.9 draw eta + + +Octans + 0 21.6911 -77.3833 move nu + 1 22.7672 -81.3667 draw beta + 1 14.4483 -83.6667 draw delta + 1 21.6911 -77.3833 move nu + + +Ophiuchus + 0 17.1728 -15.7167 move eta + 1 16.6189 -10.5667 draw zeta + 1 16.305 -4.68333 draw epsilon + 1 16.2389 -3.68333 draw delta + 1 16.515 1.98333 draw lambda + 1 16.9611 9.36667 draw kappa +# 1 17.2439 14.3833 draw alpha Hercules (!) + 1 17.5822 12.55 draw alpha + 1 17.7244 4.56667 draw beta + 1 17.7978 2.7 draw gamma + 1 17.1728 -15.7167 draw eta +# 1 17.9833 -9.76667 draw nu + + +Orion + 0 5.91944 7.4 move betelgeuse + 1 5.67889 -1.93333 draw zeta + 1 5.79556 -9.66667 draw kappa + 1 5.24222 -8.2 draw rigel + 1 5.40778 -2.38333 draw eta + 1 5.53333 -0.283333 draw delta + 1 5.41833 6.33333 move gamma + 1 5.58556 9.93333 draw lambda + 1 5.91944 7.4 draw betelgeuse + 0 5.53333 -0.283333 move delta + 1 5.60333 -1.2 draw epsilon + 1 5.67889 -1.93333 draw zeta + + + +Pavo + 0 20.4272 -56.7333 move alpha + 1 20:44:57.46 -66:12:10.9 draw beta + 1 20.0094 -72.9 draw epsilon + 1 18.7172 -71.4167 draw zeta + 1 17.7617 -64.7167 draw eta + 1 18:08:34.81 -63:40:06.8 draw pi + 1 18:23:13.62 -61:29:38.0 draw xi + 1 18.87 -62.1833 draw lambda + 1 20.145 -66.1667 draw delta + 1 20:44:57.46 -66:12:10.9 draw beta + 1 21:26:26.61 -65:21:58.3 draw gamma + + +Pegasus + 0 21.7361 9.86667 move epsilon +# 1 22.17 6.18333 draw theta +# 1 22.6906 10.8167 draw zeta +# 1 22:46:41 12:10:19 draw xi + 1 23.0789 15.2 draw alpha + 1 0.220556 15.1833 draw gamma + 1 0.139444 29.0833 draw and alpha + 1 23.0628 28.0667 draw beta + 1 23.0789 15.2 draw alpha + 0 22.7167 30.2167 move eta + 1 23.0628 28.0667 draw beta + + + +Perseus + 0 3.07944 53.5 move gamma + 1 3.405 49.85 draw alpha + 1 3.715 47.7833 draw delta + 1 3.96389 40 draw epsilon + 1 3.90167 31.8833 draw zeta + 0 3.405 49.85 move alpha + 1 3.15778 44.85 draw kappa + 1 3.13611 40.95 draw algol + 1 3.08611 38.8333 draw rho + + +Phoenix + 0 0.437778 -42.3 move alpha + 1 1.47222 -43.3167 draw gamma + 1 1.52056 -49.0667 draw delta + 1 1.10111 -46.7167 draw beta + 1 0.437778 -42.3 draw alpha + + + +Pictor + 0 6.80278 -61.9333 move alpha + 2 5.83 -56.1667 dotted gamma + 2 5.78778 -51.05 dotted beta + + +Pisces + 0 1:11:06.77 31:25:29 move 82 psc + 2 1.19389 30.0833 dotted tau + 1 1.32444 27.25 draw upsilon + 1 1:13:44.96 24:35:0.9 draw 85 psc + 1 1.19056 21.0333 draw chi + 1 1.52444 15.3333 move eta + 1 1.75611 9.15 draw omicron + 1 2.03389 2.75 draw alpha + 1 1.89222 3.18333 draw xi + 1 1.69 5.48333 draw nu + 1 1.50278 6.13333 draw mu + 1 1.04889 7.88333 draw epsilon + 1 0.811111 7.58333 draw delta + 1 23.9883 6.85 draw omega + 1 23.6656 5.61667 draw iota + 1 23.4661 6.36667 draw theta + 1 23.2856 3.26667 draw gamma + 1 23.4489 1.25 draw kappa + 1 23.7006 1.76667 draw lambda + 1 23.6656 5.61667 draw iota + 0 23.2856 3.26667 move gamma + 2 23:2:52.62 3:49:12.1 draw 4 psc + + +Piscis Austrinus + 0 22.6772 -27.0333 move epsilon + 1 22.9606 -29.6167 draw fomalhaut + 1 22.9322 -32.5333 draw delta + 1 22.875 -32.8667 draw gamma + 1 22.525 -32.3333 draw beta + 1 22:08:23.01 -32:59:18.5 draw mu + 1 21:44:56.81 -33:01:32.8 draw iota + 1 21:47:44.20 -30:53:54.0 draw theta + 1 22:14:18.75 -27:46:00.9 draw lambda + 1 22.6772 -27.0333 draw epsilon + + + +Puppis + 0 8.12556 -24.3 move rho + 1 7:56:51.49 -21:52:48 move pup 11 + 1 7.82111 -24.85 draw xi + 1 7.64667 -26.8 draw chi + 1 7.28556 -37.0833 draw pi + 1 6.62889 -43.1833 draw nu + 1 6:49:56.22 -50:36:53.4 draw tau + 1 7:29:13.85 -43:18:4 draw sigma + 1 8.05944 -40 draw zeta + 1 7.28556 -37.0833 draw pi + + + +Pyxis + 0 8.84167 -27.7 move gamma + 1 8.72611 -33.1833 draw alpha + 1 8.66833 -35.3 draw beta + + +Reticulum + 0 4.24 -62.4667 move alpha + 1 3.73667 -64.8 draw beta + 1 3.97889 -61.4 draw delta + 1 4.27444 -59.3 draw epsilon + 1 4.24 -62.4667 draw alpha + + +Sagitta + 0 19.6678 18 move alpha + 1 19.7894 18.5333 draw delta + 1 19.9789 19.4833 draw gamma + 0 19.7894 18.5333 move delta + 1 19.6839 17.4667 draw beta + + + +Sagittarius + 0 18.4028 -34.3833 move epsilon + 1 18.0967 -30.4167 draw gamma + 1 18.3494 -29.8167 draw delta + 1 18.4028 -34.3833 draw epsilon + 1 19.0433 -29.8667 draw zeta + 1 19.1156 -27.6667 draw tau + 1 18.9206 -26.2833 draw sigma + 1 18.7606 -26.9833 draw phi + 1 19.0433 -29.8667 draw zeta + 0 18.4661 -25.4167 move lambda + 1 18.7606 -26.9833 draw phi + 0 18.3494 -29.8167 move delta + 1 18.4661 -25.4167 draw lambda + 0 18.9206 -26.2833 move sigma + 1 19.0778 -21.7333 draw omicron + 1 19.1622 -21.0167 draw pi + 2 19.1622 -21.0167 dotted pi + 2 18.9617 -21.1 dotted xi2 + 2 19.0778 -21.7333 dotted omicron + + +Scorpius + 0 17.7928 -40.1167 move iota1 + 1 17:49:51 -37:2:35 draw g + 1 17.56 -37.1 draw lambda + 1 17:30:46 -37:17:45 draw upsilon + 1 17.7078 -39.0167 draw kappa + 1 17.7928 -40.1167 draw iota1 + 1 17.6217 -42.9833 draw theta + 1 17.2022 -43.2333 draw eta + 1 16.9094 -42.35 draw zeta 2 + 1 16.8644 -38.0333 draw mu 1 + 1 16.8356 -34.2833 draw epsilon + 1 16.5978 -28.2 draw tau + 1 16.49 -26.4167 draw antares + 1 16.3528 -25.5833 draw sigma + 1 16.0906 -19.8 draw beta1 + 0 16.1994 -19.4333 move nu + 1 16.0906 -19.8 draw beta1 + 1 16.0056 -22.6167 draw delta + 1 15.9806 -26.1 draw pi + + + + +# to weak - no display! +Sculptor + 0 0.976667 -29.35 move alpha +#1 23.815 -28.1167 draw delta +#1 23.3133 -32.5167 draw gamma +#1 23.5494 -37.8167 draw beta + + + +Scutum + 0 18.4861 -14.55 move gamma + 2 18.5867 -8.23333 dotted alpha + 1 18.7861 -4.73333 draw beta + 0 18:23:39.58 -8:56:03.8 move zeta + 2 18.5867 -8.23333 dotted alpha + + + +Serpens Caput + 0 15.7694 15.4167 move ser beta + 2 15.8122 18.1333 draw ser kappa + 2 15.9406 15.65 dotted ser gamma + 2 15.7694 15.4167 draw ser beta + 2 15.58 10.5333 draw ser delta + 2 15.7378 6.41667 draw ser alpha + 2 15.8467 4.46667 draw ser epsilon + 2 16.2389 -3.68333 draw oph delta + + + +Serpens Cauda +# 0 18.9367 4.2 move ser theta1 + 0 18.355 -2.88333 draw ser eta + 2 17.9833 -9.76667 draw oph nu + 2 17:41:25 -12:52:31 dotted omicron +# 1 17.6261 -15.3833 draw ser xi + 2 17.1728 -15.7167 draw oph eta + + +# to weak - no display! +Sextans + 0 10.4911 -2.73333 move delta +# 2 10.5044 -0.633333 dotted beta +# 2 10.1322 -0.366667 dotted alpha +# 2 9.875 -8.1 dotted gamma + + +Taurus + 0 4.32944 15.6167 move gamma + 1 4.47611 15.95 draw theta1 + 1 4.59833 16.5 draw aldebaran + 1 5.62722 21.1333 draw zeta + 0 4.32944 15.6167 move gamma + 1 4.38222 17.5333 draw delta1 +# 1 4.42444 17.9167 draw delta3 + 1 4.47667 19.1667 draw epsilon + 1 4:25:22.10 22:17:38.0 draw kappa1 + 1 4:26:18.46 22:48:48.9 draw upsilon + 1 4:42:14.70 22:57:25.0 draw tau + 0 4.32944 15.6167 move gamma + 1 4.01111 12.4833 draw lambda + 1 3:30:52.37 12:56:12.1 draw 5 tau + 1 3.45278 9.71667 draw xi + 1 3.41333 9.01667 draw omicron + 0 4.05222 5.98333 move nu + 1 4:15:32.06 8:53:32.5 draw mu + 1 4.01111 12.4833 draw lambda + + + + +Telescopium + 0 18.1867 -45.95 move epsilon + 2 18.4494 -45.9667 dotted alpha + 1 18.48 -49.0667 draw zeta + + +Triangulum + 0 1.88444 29.5667 move alpha + 1 2.15889 34.9833 draw beta + 1 2.28833 33.8333 draw gamma + 1 1.88444 29.5667 draw alpha + + +Triangulum Australe + 0 16.8106 -69.0167 move alpha + 1 15.9189 -63.4167 draw beta + 1 15.6117 -66.3167 draw epsilon + 1 15.315 -68.6667 draw gamma + 1 16.8106 -69.0167 draw alpha + + +Tucana + 0 22:27:19.97 -64:57:58.9 move delta + 1 22.3083 -60.25 draw alpha + 1 23.29 -58.2333 draw gamma + 1 0.525556 -62.95 draw beta1 + 1 0:20:04.26 -64:52:29.2 draw zeta + 1 23:59:54.98 -65:34:37.7 draw epsilon + 1 23.29 -58.2333 draw gamma + + +Ursa Major + 0 13.7922 49.3 move eta + 1 13.3983 54.9167 draw mizar a + 1 12.9 55.95 draw epsilon + 1 12.2567 57.0167 draw delta + 1 11.8967 53.6833 draw gamma + 1 11.0306 56.3667 draw beta + 1 11.0617 61.75 draw alpha + 1 12.2567 57.0167 draw delta + 0 11.8967 53.6833 move gamma + 2 11.7672 47.7667 dotted chi + 2 11.1606 44.4833 dotted psi + 2 10.3717 41.4833 dotted mu + 0 11.0617 61.75 move alpha + 2 9.525 63.05 dotted 23 + 2 8.50389 60.7167 dotted omicron + 0 9.525 63.05 move 23 + 2 9.84944 59.0333 dotted upsilon + 2 9.54722 51.6667 dotted theta + 2 8.98667 48.0333 dotted iota + 0 10:17:05.79 42:54:51.7 move lambda + 2 11.1606 44.4833 dotted psi + 0 9:03:37.50 47:09:24.0 move kappa + 2 9.54722 51.6667 dotted theta + + +Ursa Minor + 0 2.53 89.25 move polaris + 1 17.5367 86.5833 draw umi delta + 1 16.7661 82.0333 draw umi epsilon + 1 15.7339 77.7833 draw umi zeta + 1 14.845 74.15 draw umi beta + 1 15.345 71.8333 draw umi gamma + 1 16.2917 75.75 draw umi eta + 1 15.7339 77.7833 draw umi zeta + + +Vela + 0 8.745 -54.7 move delta + 1 9.36833 -55 draw kappa + 1 9.94722 -54.5667 draw phi + 1 10.7794 -49.4167 draw mu + 1 10.2456 -42.1167 draw 10:14:44 -42:07:20 + 1 9.51167 -40.4667 draw psi + 1 9.13278 -43.4167 draw lambda + 1 8.15778 -47.3333 draw gamma1 + 1 8.745 -54.7 draw delta + + +Virgo + 0 13.4194 -11.15 move spica + 1 13.5778 -0.583333 draw zeta + 1 13.0361 10.95 draw epsilon + 1 12.9267 3.38333 draw delta + 1 12.6939 -1.43333 draw gamma + 1 13.4194 -11.15 move spica + + + +Volans + 0 9.04056 -66.3833 move alpha + 1 8.42889 -66.1333 draw beta + 1 8.13167 -68.6167 draw epsilon + 1 7.69667 -72.6 draw zeta + 1 7.145 -70.4833 draw gamma1 + 1 7.28 -67.95 draw delta + 1 8.13167 -68.6167 draw epsilon + + + +Vulpecula + 0 19.8906 24.0667 move 13 + 2 19.4783 24.65 dotted alpha + 2 19:22:50.88 26:15:44.7 dotted 3 + diff --git a/Site/contrib/freebsd-motif-dev.tar.gz b/Site/contrib/freebsd-motif-dev.tar.gz new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c833ec1 Binary files /dev/null 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b/Site/contrib/recons100.edb @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +# THE ONE HUNDRED NEAREST STAR SYSTEMS +# http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.htm +# Formatted by Mencinsky, Steve +# +# As of January 1, 2000, the complete census of objects +# outside our solar system known within 10 parsecs +# (32.6 light years, otherwise known as the RECONS Sample) +# includes 315 objects in 227 systems. That sample +# includes 163 single stars, 46 doubles, 13 triples, +# 4 quadruples and 1 quintuple. Additions (and deletions) +# from the census continue to occur. As of March 1, 2003, +# there are three methane brown dwarfs known (GJ 229B,570D, +# and GJ 845B) a handful of other brown dwarf candidates +# (GJ 1245C, LP 944-020, 2MA 0036+1821, 2MA 1507-1627, and +# GJ 1001B), and extrasolar planets orbiting 876B (2 planets), +# and epsilon Eri (1 planet). +# For questions or comments, please contact Dr. Todd J. Henry +# at thenry@chara.gsu.edu +# +Proxima Centauri,f|S,14:29:43.0,-62:40:46,11.09,2000 +alpha Centauri A,f|S,14:39:36.5,-60:50:02,0.01,2000 +alpha Centauri B,f|S,14:39:35.1,-60:50:14,1.34,2000 +Barnard's Star,f|S,17:57:48.5,+04:41:36,9.53,2000 +Wolf 359,f|S,10:56:29.2,+07:00:53,13.44,2000 +Lalande 21185,f|S,11:03:20.2,+35:58:12,7.47,2000 +Sirius,f|S,06:45:08.9,-16:42:58,-1.43,2000 +Sirius B,f|S,06:45:08.9,-16:42:58,8.44,2000 +UV Ceti,f|S,01:39:01.3,-17:57:01,12.54,2000 +BL Ceti,f|S,01:39:01.3,-17:57:01,12.99,2000 +Ross 154,f|S,18:49:49.4,-23:50:10,10.43,2000 +Ross 248,f|S,23:41:54.7,+44:10:30,12.29,2000 +epsilon Eridani,f|S,03:32:55.8,-09:27:30,3.73,2000 +Lacaille 9352,f|S,23:05:52.0,-35:51:11,7.34,2000 +Ross 128,f|S,11:47:44.4,+00:48:16,11.13,2000 +EZ Aquarii A,f|S,22:38:33.4,-15:18:07,13.33,2000 +EZ Aquarii B,f|S,22:38:33.4,-15:18:07,13.27,2000 +EZ Aquarii C,f|S,22:38:33.4,-15:18:07,14.03,2000 +Procyon,f|S,07:39:18.1,+05:13:30,0.38,2000 +Procyon B,f|S,07:39:18.1,+05:13:30,10.70,2000 +61 Cygni A,f|S,21:06:53.9,+38:44:58,5.21,2000 +61 Cygni B,f|S,21:06:55.3,+38:44:31,6.03,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,18:42:46.7,+59:37:49,8.90,2000 +GX Andromedae,f|S,00:18:22.9,+44:01:23,8.08,2000 +GQ Andromedae,f|S,00:18:22.9,+44:01:23,11.06,2000 +epsilon Indi A,f|S,22:03:21.7,-56:47:10,4.69,2000 +DX Cancri,f|S,08:29:49.5,+26:46:37,14.78,2000 +tau Ceti,f|S,01:44:04.1,-15:56:15,3.49,2000 +RECONS 1,f|S,03:36:00.0,-44:30:46,13.03,2000 +YZ Ceti,f|S,01:12:30.6,-16:59:57,12.02,2000 +Luyten's Star,f|S,07:27:24.5,+05:13:33,9.86,2000 +Kapteyn's Star,f|S,05:11:40.6,-45:01:06,8.84,2000 +AX Microscopium,f|S,21:17:15.3,-38:52:03,6.67,2000 +Kruger 60 A,f|S,22:27:59.5,+57:41:45,9.79,2000 +Kruger 60 B,f|S,22:27:59.5,+57:41:45,11.41,2000 +RECONS 2,f|S,10:48:14.7,-39:56:06,16.5:,2000 +Ross 614 A,f|S,06:29:23.4,-02:48:50,11.15,2000 +Ross 614 B,f|S,06:29:23.4,-02:48:50,14.23,2000 +Wolf 1061,f|S,16:30:18.1,-12:39:45,10.07,2000 +WD 0046+051,f|S,00:49:09.9,+05:23:19,12.38,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,00:05:24.4,-37:21:27,8.55,2000 +Wolf 424 A,f|S,12:33:17.2,+09:01:15,13.18,2000 +Wolf 424 B,f|S,12:33:17.2,+09:01:15,13.17,2000 +TZ Arietis,f|S,02:00:13.2,+13:03:08,12.27,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,10:44:31.8,-61:11:38,13.92,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:36:25.9,+68:20:21,9.17,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,10:48:12.6,-11:205:V,15.60,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:28:39.9,-46:53:43,9.38,2000 +G 208-044 A,f|S,19:53:54.2,+44:24:55,13.46,2000 +G 208-045,f|S,19:53:55.2,+44:24:56,14.01,2000 +G 208-044 B,f|S,19:53:54.2,+44:24:55,16.75,2000 +WD 1142-645,f|S,11:45:42.9,-64:50:29,11.50,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,00:06:43.8,-07:32:22,13.76,2000 +Ross 780,f|S,22:53:16.7,-14:15:49,10.17,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,11:05:28.6,+43:31:36,8.77,2000 +WX Ursae Majoris,f|S,11:05:30.4,+43:31:18,14.48,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,10:11:22.1,+49:27:15,6.59,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,10:19:36.4,+19:52:10,9.32,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,21:33:34.0,-49:00:32,8.66,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,03:39:35.2,-35:250:V,18.50,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:37:03.7,-44:19:09,10.95,2000 +omicron 2 Eridani,f|S,04:15:16.3,-07:39:10,4.43,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,04:15:22.0,-07:39:35,9.52,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,04:15:22.0,-07:39:35,11.19,2000 +EV Lacertae,f|S,22:46:49.7,+44:20:02,10.22,2000 +70 Ophiuchi A,f|S,18:05:27.3,+02:30:00,4.20,2000 +70 Ophiuchi B,f|S,18:05:27.3,+02:30:00,6.05,2000 +Altair,f|S,19:50:47.0,+08:52:06,0.77,2000 +EI Cancri,f|S,08:58:14.9,+19:45:43,14.06,2000 +EI Cancri-2,f|S,08:58:14.9,+19:45:49,14.92,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,06:00:03.6,+02:42:20,11.33,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,11:47:41.4,+78:41:28,10.79,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,00:15:28.1,-16:08:02,11.58,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,00:15:28.1,-16:08:02,14.33,2000 +Wolf 498,f|S,13:45:43.8,+14:53:29,8.46,2000 +RECONS 3,f|S,05:01:57.0,-06:56:47,12.15,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,20:52:33.0,-16:58:29,11.41,2000 +Stein 2051,f|S,04:31:11.8,+58:58:38,11.04,2000 +Stein 2051-2,f|S,04:31:11.8,+58:58:38,12.44,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,06:54:49.0,+33:16:05,10.02,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,18:35:37.9,+32:59:54,18.27,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,19:20:48.0,-45:33:27,12.23,2000 +Wolf 1453,f|S,05:31:27.4,-03:40:38,7.95,2000 +sigma Draconis,f|S,19:32:21.6,+69:39:40,4.68,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,06:10:34.6,-21:51:53,8.12,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:46:34.2,-57:19:09,10.75,2000 +Wolf 1055,f|S,19:16:55.3,+05:10:08,9.11,2000 +van Biesbroeck 10,f|S,19:16:58.3,+05:09:01,17.50,2000 +Ross 47,f|S,05:42:09.3,+12:29:22,11.51,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,08:12:40.8,-21:33:10,12.07,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,14:57:28.0,-21:24:56,5.75,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,14:57:26.5,-21:24:41,8.28,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,14:57:26.5,-21:24:41,10.05,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,23:49:12.5,+02:24:04,8.99,2000 +eta Cassiopei A,f|S,00:49:06.3,+57:48:55,3.45,2000 +eta Cassiopei B,f|S,00:49:06.3,+57:48:55,7.51,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,15:32:12.9,-41:16:32,9.31,2000 +Ross 882,f|S,07:44:40.2,+03:33:09,11.19,2000 +36 Ophiuchi A,f|S,17:15:21.0,-26:36:10,5.07,2000 +36 Ophiuchi B,f|S,17:15:21.0,-26:36:10,5.08,2000 +36 Ophiuchi C,f|S,17:16:13.4,-26:32:46,6.33,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,20:11:11.9,-36:06:04,5.32,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,20:11:11.9,-36:06:04,11.50,2000 +82 Eridani,f|S,03:19:55.6,-43:04:11,4.26,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:48:06.7,+70:52:29,14.12,2000 +delta Pavonis,f|S,20:08:43.6,-66:10:55,3.56,2000 +QY Aurigae A,f|S,07:10:01.8,+38:31:46,12.05,2000 +QY Aurigae B,f|S,07:10:01.8,+38:31:46,12.45,2000 +HN Librae,f|S,14:34:16.8,-12:31:10,11.31,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,09:14:22.8,+52:41:12,7.62,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,09:14:24.7,+52:41:11,7.71,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:46:12.6,-32:06:13,10.49,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:46:14.4,-32:06:08,11.75,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:46:14.4,-32:06:08,12.75,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,20:13:53.4,-45:09:50,7.96,2000 +Wolf 562y,f|S,15:19:26.8,-07:43:20,10.56,2000 +EQ Pegasi,f|S,23:31:52.2,+19:56:14,10.26,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,23:31:52.2,+19:56:14,12.40,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:12:07.9,+45:39:57,9.93,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,17:12:07.9,+45:39:57,10.35,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,14:56:38.5,-28:09:51,17.05,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,16:31:18.4,+40:51:54,14.79,2000 +WD 0552-041,f|S,05:55:09.7,-04:10:17,14.45,2000 +Wolf 630 A,f|S,16:55:28.8,-08:20:11,9.72,2000 +Wolf 630 B,f|S,16:55:28.8,-08:20:11,10.54,2000 +van Biesbroeck 8,f|S,16:55:35.8,-08:23:40,16.80,2000 +Wolf 630 C,f|S,16:55:28.8,-08:20:11,10.63,2000 +Wolf 629,f|S,16:55:25.2,-08:19:21,11.74,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,23:13:17.0,+57:10:06,5.56,2000 +GL Virginis,f|S,12:19:00.3,+11:07:31,13.80,2000 +Nearby Star,f|S,16:25:24.6,+54:18:15,10.10,2000 +Ross 104,f|S,11:00:04.3,+22:49:59,10.02,2000 +Ross 775 A,f|S,21:29:36.8,+17:38:36,11.06,2000 +Ross 775 B,f|S,21:29:36.8,+17:38:36,11.06,2000 +ksi Bootis A,f|S,14:51:23.4,+19:06:02,4.70,2000 +ksi Bootis B,f|S,14:51:23.4,+19:06:02,6.97,2000 +EE Leonis,f|S,10:50:52.1,+06:48:29,11.67,2000 +Ross 619,f|S,08:11:57.5,+08:46:28,12.82,2000 +RECONS 4,f|S,03:01:51.1,-16:35:31,10.54,2000 +Ross 671,f|S,22:56:34.8,+16:33:12,8.60,2000 diff --git a/Site/contrib/wcs.c b/Site/contrib/wcs.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6151553 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/wcs.c @@ -0,0 +1,760 @@ +/* manage WCS headers both classic and PLAT scale variety. + * + * N.B. the FITS standard says the center of the first pixel in the file is + * at pixel coordinates [1,1]. The functions here-in expect the caller to + * refer to this pixel as [0,0]. + */ + +#include +#include +#include +#include + +#include "astro.h" +#include "ip.h" + +static int dsswcs (FImage *fip); +static int dssxy2RADec (FImage *fip, double X, double Y, double *rap, + double *decp); +static int worldpos (double xpix, double ypix, double xref, double yref, + double xrefpix, double yrefpix, double xinc, double yinc, double rot, + char *type, double *xpos, double *ypos); +static int xypix (double xpos, double ypos, double xref, double yref, + double xrefpix, double yrefpix, double xinc, double yinc, double rot, + char *type, double *xpix, double *ypix); +static int setWCScache (FImage *fip); + +/* given a 0-based x/y location over the given image, return ra and dec, rads. + * we require the C* fields in the header. + * return 0 if all ok, else -1. + */ +int +xy2RADec (fip, x, y, rap, decp) +FImage *fip; +double x, y; +double *rap, *decp; +{ + double xpos; /* x (RA) coordinate (deg) */ + double ypos; /* y (dec) coordinate (deg) */ + + if (setWCScache (fip) < 0) + return (-1); + + /* CRPIXn assume pixels are 1-based */ + if (worldpos(x+1, y+1, fip->xref, fip->yref, fip->xrefpix, fip->yrefpix, + fip->xinc, fip->yinc, fip->rot, fip->type, &xpos, &ypos) < 0) + return (-1); + + *rap = degrad (xpos); + range (rap, 2*PI); + *decp = degrad (ypos); + + return (0); +} + +/* given an ra and dec, rads, return 0-based x/y location over the given image. + * we require the C* fields in the header. + * return 0 if all ok, else -1. + */ +int +RADec2xy (fip, ra, dec, xp, yp) +FImage *fip; +double ra, dec; +double *xp, *yp; +{ + double xpos; /* x (RA) coordinate (deg) */ + double ypos; /* y (dec) coordinate (deg) */ + + if (setWCScache (fip) < 0) + return (-1); + + xpos = raddeg(ra); + ypos = raddeg(dec); + + if (xypix(xpos, ypos, fip->xref, fip->yref, fip->xrefpix, fip->yrefpix, + fip->xinc, fip->yinc, fip->rot, fip->type, xp, yp) < 0) + return (-1); + + /* CRPIXn assume pixels are 1-based */ + *xp -= 1; + *yp -= 1; + + return (0); +} + +/* given a DSS image, build the WCS headers. + * return 0 if ok, else return -1. + */ +static int +dsswcs (fip) +FImage *fip; +{ + double a0, d0, a1, d1; + double px, py; + double pltscale; + double rot; + + /* find RA and Dec at the center of our image */ + if (dssxy2RADec (fip, fip->sw/2.0, fip->sh/2.0, &a0, &d0) < 0) + return (-1); + + /* use center as reference */ + setRealFITS (fip, "CRPIX1", fip->sw/2.0, 10, NULL); + setRealFITS (fip, "CRPIX2", fip->sh/2.0, 10, NULL); + setRealFITS (fip, "CRVAL1", raddeg(a0), 10, NULL); + setRealFITS (fip, "CRVAL2", raddeg(d0), 10, NULL); + + /* set scale */ + if (getRealFITS (fip, "PLTSCALE", &pltscale) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "XPIXELSZ", &px) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "YPIXELSZ", &py) < 0) { + return(-1); + } + setRealFITS (fip, "CDELT1", -pltscale*px/3600000.0, 10, NULL); + setRealFITS (fip, "CDELT2", pltscale*py/3600000.0, 10, NULL); + + /* coord sys */ + setStringFITS (fip, "CTYPE1", "RA---TAN", NULL); + setStringFITS (fip, "CTYPE2", "DEC--TAN", NULL); + + /* find rotation CW to make N up. + * TODO: ugly! gotta better way?? + */ + if (dssxy2RADec (fip, fip->sw/2.0, 0.0, &a1, &d1) < 0) + return (-1); + if (d0 < 0) { + double A = a0-a1; + double b = PI/2+d0; + double c = PI/2+d1; + rot = raddeg(atan2(c*sin(A), c*cos(A)-b)) - 180; + } else { + double A = a1-a0; + double b = PI/2-d0; + double c = PI/2-d1; + rot = raddeg(atan2(c*sin(A), c*cos(A)-b)); + } + setRealFITS (fip, "CROTA2", rot, 10, "Derived from DSS"); + + return (0); +} + +/* convert pixel coords to ra/dec, using DSS header fields. + * this is all based on the equations on pages 14-16 of The Digitized Sky + * Survey release notes. + * return 0 if ok, else -1. + */ +static int +dssxy2RADec (fip, X, Y, rap, decp) +FImage *fip; +double X, Y; +double *rap, *decp; +{ + char buf[128]; + double cnpix1, cnpix2; + double a[14], b[14]; + double rh, rm, rs; + double dd, dm, ds; + double xc, px, yc, py; + double x, y, x2y2; + double pltscale; + double rac, decc, ra; + double xi, nu; + double tandecc; + int i; + + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CNPIX1", &cnpix1) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "CNPIX2", &cnpix2) < 0) { + return(-1); + } + + if (getRealFITS (fip, "PLTSCALE", &pltscale) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PPO3", &xc) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PPO6", &yc) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "XPIXELSZ", &px) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "YPIXELSZ", &py) < 0) { + return(-1); + } + + X += cnpix1 - 0.5; + Y += cnpix2 - 0.5; + x = (xc - px*X)/1000.0; + y = (py*Y - yc)/1000.0; + + for (i = 1; i <= 13; i++) { + char ax[32], ay[32]; + (void) sprintf (ax, "AMDX%d", i); + (void) sprintf (ay, "AMDY%d", i); + if (getRealFITS (fip, ax, &a[i]) < 0 || + getRealFITS (fip, ay, &b[i]) < 0) { + return (-1); + } + } + x2y2 = x*x + y*y; + xi = a[1]*x + a[2]*y + a[3] + a[4]*x*x + a[5]*x*y + a[6]*y*y + + a[7]*x2y2 + a[8]*x*x*x + a[9]*x*x*y + a[10]*x*y*y + + a[11]*y*y*y + a[12]*x*x2y2 + a[13]*x*x2y2*x2y2; + xi = degrad(xi/3600.0); + nu = b[1]*y + b[2]*x + b[3] + b[4]*y*y + b[5]*x*y + b[6]*x*x + + b[7]*x2y2 + b[8]*y*y*y + b[9]*x*y*y + b[10]*x*x*y + + b[11]*x*x*x + b[12]*y*x2y2 + b[13]*y*x2y2*x2y2; + nu = degrad(nu/3600.0); + + + if (getRealFITS (fip, "PLTRAH", &rh) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PLTRAM", &rm) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PLTRAS", &rs) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PLTDECD", &dd) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PLTDECM", &dm) < 0 + || getRealFITS (fip, "PLTDECS", &ds) < 0 + || getStringFITS (fip, "PLTDECSN", buf) < 0) { + return(-1); + } + rac = rs/3600.0 + rm/60.0 + rh; + rac = hrrad(rac); + decc = ds/3600.0 + dm/60.0 + dd; + if (buf[0] == '-') + decc = -decc; + decc = degrad(decc); + tandecc = tan(decc); + + ra = atan2 (xi/cos(decc), 1.0-nu*tandecc) + rac; + if (ra < 0) + ra += 2*PI; + *rap = ra; + *decp = atan (((nu + tandecc)*cos(ra-rac))/(1.0 - nu*tandecc)); + + return (0); +} + +/* load the WCS cache if not already set up. + * return 0 if ok, else -1 + */ +static int +setWCScache (fip) +FImage *fip; +{ + FITSRow typestr; + double tmp; + double cd[2][2]; + if (fip->wcsset) + return (0); + + /* if have DSS convert to WCS so we know we can go both ways. + * only dss RD->xy I can find solves from xy->RD YUK! + */ + if (getRealFITS (fip, "PLTRAH", &tmp) == 0) { + if (dsswcs (fip) < 0) + return (-1); + } + + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CRVAL1", &fip->xref) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CRVAL2", &fip->yref) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CRPIX1", &fip->xrefpix) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CRPIX2", &fip->yrefpix) < 0) return (-1); + if (getStringFITS (fip, "CTYPE1", typestr) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CD1_1", &cd[0][0]) < 0) { + /* If CD matrix is not present, revert to CDELT and CROT keywords */ + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CDELT1", &fip->xinc) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CDELT2", &fip->yinc) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CROTA2", &fip->rot) < 0) return (-1); + } else { + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CD1_2", &cd[0][1]) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CD2_1", &cd[1][0]) < 0) return (-1); + if (getRealFITS (fip, "CD2_2", &cd[1][1]) < 0) return (-1); + /* CD matrix now available, calculate {x,y}inc and rot values + * CD1_1 = CDELT1 * cos (CROTA2) + * CD1_2 = -CDELT2 * sin (CROTA2) + * CD2_1 = CDELT1 * sin (CROTA2) + * CD2_2 = CDELT2 * cos (CROTA2) + * therefore: + * CROT2 = ATAN2(-CD1_2, CD2_2) + * CDELT1 = CD1_1/acos(CROT2) + * CDELT2 = CD2_2/acos(CROT2) + */ + tmp = atan2(-cd[0][1], cd[1][1]); + fip->rot = raddeg(tmp); + fip->xinc = cd[0][0] / cos(tmp); + fip->yinc = cd[1][1] / cos(tmp); + } + if (strncmp (typestr, "RA--", 4)) return (-1); + strncpy (fip->type, typestr+4, sizeof(fip->type)-1); + + fip->wcsset = 1; + return (0); +} + + +/* worldpos.c -- WCS Algorithms from Classic AIPS. + Copyright (C) 1994 + Associated Universities, Inc. Washington DC, USA. + + This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it + under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your + option) any later version. + + This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT + ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or + FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public + License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License + along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, + Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. + + Correspondence concerning AIPS should be addressed as follows: + Internet email: aipsmail@nrao.edu + Postal address: AIPS Group + National Radio Astronomy Observatory + 520 Edgemont Road + Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475 USA + + -=-=-=-=-=-=- + + These two ANSI C functions, worldpos() and xypix(), perform + forward and reverse WCS computations for 8 types of projective + geometries ("-SIN", "-TAN", "-ARC", "-NCP", "-GLS", "-MER", "-AIT" + and "-STG"): + + worldpos() converts from pixel location to RA,Dec + xypix() converts from RA,Dec to pixel location + + where "(RA,Dec)" are more generically (long,lat). These functions + are based on the WCS implementation of Classic AIPS, an + implementation which has been in production use for more than ten + years. See the two memos by Eric Greisen + + ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/wcs/aips27.ps.Z + ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/wcs/aips46.ps.Z + + for descriptions of the 8 projective geometries and the + algorithms. Footnotes in these two documents describe the + differences between these algorithms and the 1993-94 WCS draft + proposal (see URL below). In particular, these algorithms support + ordinary field rotation, but not skew geometries (CD or PC matrix + cases). Also, the MER and AIT algorithms work correctly only for + CRVALi=(0,0). Users should note that GLS projections with yref!=0 + will behave differently in this code than in the draft WCS + proposal. The NCP projection is now obsolete (it is a special + case of SIN). WCS syntax and semantics for various advanced + features is discussed in the draft WCS proposal by Greisen and + Calabretta at: + + ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits/documents/wcs/wcs.all.ps.Z + + -=-=-=- + + The original version of this code was Emailed to D.Wells on + Friday, 23 September by Bill Cotton , + who described it as a "..more or less.. exact translation from the + AIPSish..". Changes were made by Don Wells + during the period October 11-13, 1994: + 1) added GNU license and header comments + 2) added testpos.c program to perform extensive circularity tests + 3) changed float-->double to get more than 7 significant figures + 4) testpos.c circularity test failed on MER and AIT. B.Cotton + found that "..there were a couple of lines of code [in] the wrong + place as a result of merging several Fortran routines." + 5) testpos.c found 0h wraparound in xypix() and worldpos(). + 6) E.Greisen recommended removal of various redundant if-statements, + and addition of a 360d difference test to MER case of worldpos(). +*/ + +static int worldpos(xpix, ypix, xref, yref, xrefpix, yrefpix, xinc, yinc, rot, + type, xpos, ypos) +double xpix; +double ypix; +double xref; +double yref; +double xrefpix; +double yrefpix; +double xinc; +double yinc; +double rot; +char *type; +double *xpos; +double *ypos; +/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ +/* routine to determine accurate position for pixel coordinates */ +/* returns 0 if successful otherwise: */ +/* 1 = angle too large for projection; */ +/* does: -SIN, -TAN, -ARC, -NCP, -GLS, -MER, -AIT projections */ +/* anything else is linear */ +/* Input: */ +/* f xpix x pixel number (RA or long without rotation) */ +/* f ypiy y pixel number (dec or lat without rotation) */ +/* d xref x reference coordinate value (deg) */ +/* d yref y reference coordinate value (deg) */ +/* f xrefpix x reference pixel */ +/* f yrefpix y reference pixel */ +/* f xinc x coordinate increment (deg) */ +/* f yinc y coordinate increment (deg) */ +/* f rot rotation (deg) (from N through E) */ +/* c *type projection type code e.g. "-SIN"; */ +/* Output: */ +/* d *xpos x (RA) coordinate (deg) */ +/* d *ypos y (dec) coordinate (deg) */ +/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ +{ + double cosr, sinr, dx, dy, dz, tmp; + double sins, coss, dect=0, rat=0, dt, l, m, mg, da, dd, cos0, sin0; + double dec0, ra0, decout, raout; + double geo1, geo2, geo3; + double cond2r=1.745329252e-2; + double twopi = 6.28318530717959, deps = 1.0e-5; + int i, itype; + static char ctypes[8][5] ={"-SIN","-TAN","-ARC","-NCP", "-GLS", "-MER", + "-AIT", "-STG"}; +/* Offset from ref pixel */ + dx = (xpix-xrefpix) * xinc; + dy = (ypix-yrefpix) * yinc; +/* Take out rotation */ + cosr = cos(rot*cond2r); + sinr = sin(rot*cond2r); + if (rot!=0.0) + {tmp = dx * cosr - dy * sinr; + dy = dy * cosr + dx * sinr; + dx = tmp;} +/* find type */ + itype = 0; /* default type is linear */ + for (i=0;i<8;i++) if (!strncmp(type, ctypes[i], 4)) itype = i+1; +/* default, linear result for error return */ + *xpos = xref + dx; + *ypos = yref + dy; +/* convert to radians */ + ra0 = xref * cond2r; + dec0 = yref * cond2r; + l = dx * cond2r; + m = dy * cond2r; + sins = l*l + m*m; + decout = 0.0; + raout = 0.0; + cos0 = cos(dec0); + sin0 = sin(dec0); +/* process by case */ + switch (itype) { + case 0: /* linear */ + rat = ra0 + l; + dect = dec0 + m; + break; + case 1: /* -SIN sin*/ + if (sins>1.0) return 1; + coss = sqrt (1.0 - sins); + dt = sin0 * coss + cos0 * m; + if ((dt>1.0) || (dt<-1.0)) return 1; + dect = asin (dt); + rat = cos0 * coss - sin0 * m; + if ((rat==0.0) && (l==0.0)) return 1; + rat = atan2 (l, rat) + ra0; + break; + case 2: /* -TAN tan */ + if (sins>1.0) return 1; + dect = cos0 - m * sin0; + if (dect==0.0) return 1; + rat = ra0 + atan2 (l, dect); + dect = atan (cos(rat-ra0) * (m * cos0 + sin0) / dect); + break; + case 3: /* -ARC Arc*/ + if (sins>=twopi*twopi/4.0) return 1; + sins = sqrt(sins); + coss = cos (sins); + if (sins!=0.0) sins = sin (sins) / sins; + else + sins = 1.0; + dt = m * cos0 * sins + sin0 * coss; + if ((dt>1.0) || (dt<-1.0)) return 1; + dect = asin (dt); + da = coss - dt * sin0; + dt = l * sins * cos0; + if ((da==0.0) && (dt==0.0)) return 1; + rat = ra0 + atan2 (dt, da); + break; + case 4: /* -NCP North celestial pole*/ + dect = cos0 - m * sin0; + if (dect==0.0) return 1; + rat = ra0 + atan2 (l, dect); + dt = cos (rat-ra0); + if (dt==0.0) return 1; + dect = dect / dt; + if ((dect>1.0) || (dect<-1.0)) return 1; + dect = acos (dect); + if (dec0<0.0) dect = -dect; + break; + case 5: /* -GLS global sinusoid */ + dect = dec0 + m; + if (fabs(dect)>twopi/4.0) return 1; + coss = cos (dect); + if (fabs(l)>twopi*coss/2.0) return 1; + rat = ra0; + if (coss>deps) rat = rat + l / coss; + break; + case 6: /* -MER mercator*/ + dt = yinc * cosr + xinc * sinr; + if (dt==0.0) dt = 1.0; + dy = (yref/2.0 + 45.0) * cond2r; + dx = dy + dt / 2.0 * cond2r; + dy = log (tan (dy)); + dx = log (tan (dx)); + geo2 = dt * cond2r / (dx - dy); + geo3 = geo2 * dy; + geo1 = cos (yref*cond2r); + if (geo1<=0.0) geo1 = 1.0; + rat = l / geo1 + ra0; + if (fabs(rat - ra0) > twopi) return 1; /* added 10/13/94 DCW/EWG */ + dt = 0.0; + if (geo2!=0.0) dt = (m + geo3) / geo2; + dt = exp (dt); + dect = 2.0 * atan (dt) - twopi / 4.0; + break; + case 7: /* -AIT Aitoff*/ + dt = yinc*cosr + xinc*sinr; + if (dt==0.0) dt = 1.0; + dt = dt * cond2r; + dy = yref * cond2r; + dx = sin(dy+dt)/sqrt((1.0+cos(dy+dt))/2.0) - + sin(dy)/sqrt((1.0+cos(dy))/2.0); + if (dx==0.0) dx = 1.0; + geo2 = dt / dx; + dt = xinc*cosr - yinc* sinr; + if (dt==0.0) dt = 1.0; + dt = dt * cond2r; + dx = 2.0 * cos(dy) * sin(dt/2.0); + if (dx==0.0) dx = 1.0; + geo1 = dt * sqrt((1.0+cos(dy)*cos(dt/2.0))/2.0) / dx; + geo3 = geo2 * sin(dy) / sqrt((1.0+cos(dy))/2.0); + rat = ra0; + dect = dec0; + if ((l==0.0) && (m==0.0)) break; + dz = 4.0 - l*l/(4.0*geo1*geo1) - ((m+geo3)/geo2)*((m+geo3)/geo2) ; + if ((dz>4.0) || (dz<2.0)) return 1; + dz = 0.5 * sqrt (dz); + dd = (m+geo3) * dz / geo2; + if (fabs(dd)>1.0) return 1; + dd = asin (dd); + if (fabs(cos(dd))1.0) return 1; + da = asin (da); + rat = ra0 + 2.0 * da; + dect = dd; + break; + case 8: /* -STG Sterographic*/ + dz = (4.0 - sins) / (4.0 + sins); + if (fabs(dz)>1.0) return 1; + dect = dz * sin0 + m * cos0 * (1.0+dz) / 2.0; + if (fabs(dect)>1.0) return 1; + dect = asin (dect); + rat = cos(dect); + if (fabs(rat)1.0) return 1; + rat = asin (rat); + mg = 1.0 + sin(dect) * sin0 + cos(dect) * cos0 * cos(rat); + if (fabs(mg)deps) rat = twopi/2.0 - rat; + rat = ra0 + rat; + break; + } +/* return ra in range */ + raout = rat; + decout = dect; + if (raout-ra0>twopi/2.0) raout = raout - twopi; + if (raout-ra0<-twopi/2.0) raout = raout + twopi; + if (raout < 0.0) raout += twopi; /* added by DCW 10/12/94 */ + +/* correct units back to degrees */ + *xpos = raout / cond2r; + *ypos = decout / cond2r; + return 0; +} /* End of worldpos */ + +static int xypix(xpos, ypos, xref, yref, xrefpix, yrefpix, xinc, yinc, rot, + type, xpix, ypix) +double xpos; +double ypos; +double xref; +double yref; +double xrefpix; +double yrefpix; +double xinc; +double yinc; +double rot; +char *type; +double *xpix; +double *ypix; +/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ +/* routine to determine accurate pixel coordinates for an RA and Dec */ +/* returns 0 if successful otherwise: */ +/* 1 = angle too large for projection; */ +/* 2 = bad values */ +/* does: -SIN, -TAN, -ARC, -NCP, -GLS, -MER, -AIT projections */ +/* anything else is linear */ +/* Input: */ +/* d xpos x (RA) coordinate (deg) */ +/* d ypos y (dec) coordinate (deg) */ +/* d xref x reference coordinate value (deg) */ +/* d yref y reference coordinate value (deg) */ +/* f xrefpix x reference pixel */ +/* f yrefpix y reference pixel */ +/* f xinc x coordinate increment (deg) */ +/* f yinc y coordinate increment (deg) */ +/* f rot rotation (deg) (from N through E) */ +/* c *type projection type code e.g. "-SIN"; */ +/* Output: */ +/* f *xpix x pixel number (RA or long without rotation) */ +/* f *ypiy y pixel number (dec or lat without rotation) */ +/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ +{ + double dx, dy, dz, r, ra0, dec0, ra, dec, coss, sins, dt, da, dd, sint; + double l, m=0, geo1, geo2, geo3, sinr, cosr; + double cond2r=1.745329252e-2, deps=1.0e-5, twopi=6.28318530717959; + int i, itype; + static char ctypes[8][5] ={"-SIN","-TAN","-ARC","-NCP", "-GLS", "-MER", + "-AIT", "-STG"}; + + /* 0h wrap-around tests added by D.Wells 10/12/94: */ + dt = (xpos - xref); + if (dt > 180) xpos -= 360; + if (dt < -180) xpos += 360; + /* NOTE: changing input argument xpos is OK (call-by-value in C!) */ + +/* default values - linear */ + dx = xpos - xref; + dy = ypos - yref; + dz = 0.0; +/* Correct for rotation */ + r = rot * cond2r; + cosr = cos (r); + sinr = sin (r); + dz = dx*cosr + dy*sinr; + dy = dy*cosr - dx*sinr; + dx = dz; +/* check axis increments - bail out if either 0 */ + if ((xinc==0.0) || (yinc==0.0)) {*xpix=0.0; *ypix=0.0; return 2;} +/* convert to pixels */ + *xpix = dx / xinc + xrefpix; + *ypix = dy / yinc + yrefpix; + +/* find type */ + itype = 0; /* default type is linear */ + for (i=0;i<8;i++) if (!strncmp(type, ctypes[i], 4)) itype = i+1; + if (itype==0) return 0; /* done if linear */ + +/* Non linear position */ + ra0 = xref * cond2r; + dec0 = yref * cond2r; + ra = xpos * cond2r; + dec = ypos * cond2r; + +/* compute direction cosine */ + coss = cos (dec); + sins = sin (dec); + l = sin(ra-ra0) * coss; + sint = sins * sin(dec0) + coss * cos(dec0) * cos(ra-ra0); +/* process by case */ + switch (itype) { + case 1: /* -SIN sin*/ + if (sint<0.0) return 1; + m = sins * cos(dec0) - coss * sin(dec0) * cos(ra-ra0); + break; + case 2: /* -TAN tan */ + if (sint<=0.0) return 1; + m = sins * sin(dec0) + coss * cos(dec0) * cos(ra-ra0); + l = l / m; + m = (sins * cos(dec0) - coss * sin(dec0) * cos(ra-ra0)) / m; + break; + case 3: /* -ARC Arc*/ + m = sins * sin(dec0) + coss * cos(dec0) * cos(ra-ra0); + if (m<-1.0) m = -1.0; + if (m>1.0) m = 1.0; + m = acos (m); + if (m!=0) + m = m / sin(m); + else + m = 1.0; + l = l * m; + m = (sins * cos(dec0) - coss * sin(dec0) * cos(ra-ra0)) * m; + break; + case 4: /* -NCP North celestial pole*/ + if (dec0==0.0) + return 1; /* can't stand the equator */ + else + m = (cos(dec0) - coss * cos(ra-ra0)) / sin(dec0); + break; + case 5: /* -GLS global sinusoid */ + dt = ra - ra0; + if (fabs(dec)>twopi/4.0) return 1; + if (fabs(dec0)>twopi/4.0) return 1; + m = dec - dec0; + l = dt * coss; + break; + case 6: /* -MER mercator*/ + dt = yinc * cosr + xinc * sinr; + if (dt==0.0) dt = 1.0; + dy = (yref/2.0 + 45.0) * cond2r; + dx = dy + dt / 2.0 * cond2r; + dy = log (tan (dy)); + dx = log (tan (dx)); + geo2 = dt * cond2r / (dx - dy); + geo3 = geo2 * dy; + geo1 = cos (yref*cond2r); + if (geo1<=0.0) geo1 = 1.0; + dt = ra - ra0; + l = geo1 * dt; + dt = dec / 2.0 + twopi / 8.0; + dt = tan (dt); + if (dttwopi/4.0) return 1; + dt = yinc*cosr + xinc*sinr; + if (dt==0.0) dt = 1.0; + dt = dt * cond2r; + dy = yref * cond2r; + dx = sin(dy+dt)/sqrt((1.0+cos(dy+dt))/2.0) - + sin(dy)/sqrt((1.0+cos(dy))/2.0); + if (dx==0.0) dx = 1.0; + geo2 = dt / dx; + dt = xinc*cosr - yinc* sinr; + if (dt==0.0) dt = 1.0; + dt = dt * cond2r; + dx = 2.0 * cos(dy) * sin(dt/2.0); + if (dx==0.0) dx = 1.0; + geo1 = dt * sqrt((1.0+cos(dy)*cos(dt/2.0))/2.0) / dx; + geo3 = geo2 * sin(dy) / sqrt((1.0+cos(dy))/2.0); + dt = sqrt ((1.0 + cos(dec) * cos(da))/2.0); + if (fabs(dt)twopi/4.0) return 1; + dd = 1.0 + sins * sin(dec0) + coss * cos(dec0) * cos(da); + if (fabs(dd) + #endif + ++#include ++ ++typedef struct { ++ int fd; //file desciptor for the underlying connection socket ++ SSL *ssl; //ssl connection for use with SSL_read( )and SSL_write() ++} XE_SSL_FD; ++ + /* support functions */ + + extern int httpGET (char *host, char *GETcmd, char msg[]); +@@ -29,8 +36,11 @@ + extern int recvline (int fd, char buf[], int max); + extern int recvlineb (int sock, char *buf, int size); + extern int sendbytes (int fd, unsigned char buf[], int n); +- +- ++extern int httpsGET (char *host, char *GETcmd, char msg[], XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd); ++extern int ssl_recvbytes (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, unsigned char buf[], int n); ++extern int ssl_readbytes (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, unsigned char buf[], int n); ++extern int ssl_recvline (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, char buf[], int max); ++extern int ssl_recvlineb (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, char *buf, int size); + + /* For RCS Only -- Do Not Edit + * @(#) $RCSfile: net.h,v $ $Date: 2003/03/17 07:26:21 $ $Revision: 1.3 $ $Name: $ +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/netmenu.c ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/netmenu.c +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/netmenu.c 2010-10-06 23:12:40.000000000 +0200 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/netmenu.c 2018-01-08 22:02:16.090940142 +0100 +@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ + #include + #include + ++#include ++ + #include + #include + #include +@@ -70,12 +72,24 @@ + + static char netcategory[] = "Network"; /* Save category */ + ++static SSL_METHOD *ssl_method; /* global ssl dispatch structure for creating a ssl context */ ++static SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx; /* global ssl context structure for creating ssl connections */ ++ + /* call to set up without actually bringing up the menus. + */ + void + net_create() + { + if (!netshell_w) { ++ if (SSL_library_init() < 0) { ++ fprintf (stderr, "Could not initialize the OpenSSL library !\n"); ++ } else { ++ ssl_method = SSLv23_client_method(); /* deprecated since openssl 1.1.x */ ++// ssl_method = TLS_client_method(); /* since openssl 1.1.x */ ++ ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new (ssl_method); ++ SSL_CTX_set_options (ssl_ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2); ++ }; ++ + net_create_form(); + (void) net_save(); /* confirming here is just annoying */ + } +@@ -251,8 +265,8 @@ + struct { + unsigned char VN; /* version number */ + unsigned char CD; /* command code */ +- unsigned short DSTPORT; /* destination port */ +- unsigned long DSTIP; /* destination IP addres */ ++ uint16_t DSTPORT; /* destination port */ ++ uint32_t DSTIP; /* destination IP address */ + } SocksPacket; + + struct hostent *hs = gethostbyname (socks_host); +@@ -390,7 +404,7 @@ + + /* read up to and including the next '\n' from socket fd into buf[max]. + * we silently ignore all '\r'. we add a trailing '\0'. +- * return line lenth (not counting \0) if all ok, else -1. ++ * return line length (not counting \0) if all ok, else -1. + * N.B. this never reads ahead -- if that's ok, recvlineb() is better + */ + int +@@ -445,6 +459,216 @@ + if (nr <= 0) { + ok = nr; + rb_next = 0; ++ rb_unk = 0; ++ break; ++ } ++ rb_next = 0; ++ rb_unk = nr; ++ } ++ ++ if ((c = rb_linebuf[rb_next++]) != '\r') ++ *buf++ = c; ++ ++ } while (buf-origbuf < size && c != '\n'); ++ ++ /* always give back a real line regardless, else status */ ++ if (ok > 0) { ++ *buf = '\0'; ++ ok = buf - origbuf; ++ } ++ ++ return (ok); ++} ++ ++/* open the host, do the given GET cmd, and return a socket fd for the result. ++ * on success it fills the XE_SSL_FD structure for later use by SSL_read() and necessary cleanup. ++ * return -1 and with excuse in msg[], else 0 if ok. ++ * N.B. can be called before we are created if net set in app defaults. ++ */ ++int ++httpsGET (char *host, char *GETcmd, char msg[], XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd) ++{ ++ char buf[2048]; ++ int fd; ++ int connected; ++ SSL *ssl; ++ int n; ++ int ret; ++ int httpsport = 443; ++ ++ /* open connection */ ++ if (proxy_on) { ++ fd = mkconnection (proxy_host, proxy_port, msg); ++ if (fd < 0) ++ return (-1); ++ ++ /* fill buf with CONNECT */ ++ (void) sprintf (buf, "CONNECT %1$s:%2$d HTTP/1.0\r\nUser-Agent: xephem/%3$s\r\nHost: %1$s:%2$d\r\n\r\n", host, httpsport, PATCHLEVEL); ++ ++ /* add proxy auth if enabled */ ++ if (!auth_w) ++ net_create_form(); ++ if (XmToggleButtonGetState (auth_w)) ++ addAuth(buf); ++ ++ /* log it */ ++ xe_msg (0, "https proxy connect: %s", buf); ++ ++ /* send it */ ++ n = strlen (buf); ++ if (sendbytes(fd, (unsigned char *)buf, n) < 0) { ++ (void) sprintf (msg, "%s: send error: %s", proxy_host, syserrstr()); ++ (void) close (fd); ++ return (-1); ++ } ++ ++ connected = 0; ++ while (recvline (fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) { ++ xe_msg (0, "Rcv: %s", buf); ++ if (strstr (buf, "200 ")) ++ connected = 1; ++ } ++ if (!connected) { ++ (void) sprintf (msg, "%s: connect error: %s", proxy_host, syserrstr()); ++ (void) close (fd); ++ return (-1); ++ } ++ } else { ++ /* SOCKS or direct are both handled by mkconnection() */ ++ fd = mkconnection (host, httpsport, msg); ++ if (fd < 0) ++ return (-1); ++ } ++ ++ /* fill buf with GETcmd */ ++ (void) sprintf (buf, "%s", GETcmd); ++ ++ /* start ssl connection */ ++ ssl = SSL_new (ssl_ctx); ++ SSL_set_fd (ssl, fd); ++ SSL_connect (ssl); ++ ++ /* log it */ ++ xe_msg (0, "https: %s", buf); ++ ++ /* send it */ ++ n = strlen (buf); ++ ret = SSL_write (ssl, (unsigned char *)buf, n); ++ if (ret <= 0) { ++ (void) sprintf (msg, "%s: ssl send error code: %d", host, SSL_get_error (ssl, ret)); ++ (void) SSL_free (ssl); ++ (void) close (fd); ++ return (-1); ++ } ++ ++ /* caller can read response */ ++ ssl_fd->fd = fd; ++ ssl_fd->ssl = ssl; ++ return (fd); ++} ++ ++/* receive exactly n bytes from ssl connection ssl_fd into buf. ++ * return -1, 0 or n. ++ * N.B. with fallback to ordinary read from socket if ssl_fd->ssl is NULL ++ */ ++int ++ssl_recvbytes (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, unsigned char buf[], int n) ++{ ++ int ns, tot; ++ ++ for (tot = 0; tot < n; tot += ns) { ++ if (tout (TOUT, ssl_fd->fd, 0) < 0) ++ return (-1); ++ if (ssl_fd->ssl) ++ ns = SSL_read (ssl_fd->ssl, (void *)(buf+tot), n-tot); ++ else ++ ns = read (ssl_fd->fd, (void *)(buf+tot), n-tot); ++ if (ns <= 0) ++ return (ns); ++ } ++ return (n); ++} ++ ++/* like read(2) except we time out and allow user to cancel. ++ * receive up to n bytes from ssl connection ssl_fd into buf. ++ * return count, or 0 on eof or -1 on error. ++ * N.B. with fallback to ordinary read from socket if ssl_fd->ssl is NULL ++ */ ++int ++ssl_readbytes (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, unsigned char buf[], int n) ++{ ++ int ns; ++ ++ if (tout (TOUT, ssl_fd->fd, 0) < 0) ++ return (-1); ++ if (ssl_fd->ssl) ++ ns = SSL_read (ssl_fd->ssl, (void *)buf, n); ++ else ++ ns = read (ssl_fd->fd, (void *)buf, n); ++ return (ns); ++} ++ ++/* read up to and including the next '\n' from ssl into buf[max]. ++ * we silently ignore all '\r'. we add a trailing '\0'. ++ * return line length (not counting \0) if all ok, else -1. ++ * N.B. with fallback to ordinary read from socket if ssl_fd->ssl is NULL ++ */ ++int ++ssl_recvline (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, char buf[], int max) ++{ ++ unsigned char c; ++ int n; ++ ++ max--; /* leave room for trailing \0 */ ++ ++ for (n = 0; n < max && ssl_recvbytes (ssl_fd, &c, 1) == 1; ) { ++ if (c != '\r') { ++ buf[n++] = c; ++ if (c == '\n') { ++ buf[n] = '\0'; ++ return (n); ++ } ++ } ++ } ++ ++ return (-1); ++} ++ ++/* rather like ssl_recvline but reads ahead in big chunk for efficiency. ++ * return length if read a line ok, 0 if hit eof, -1 if error. ++ * N.B. we silently swallow all '\r'. ++ * N.B. we read ahead and can hide bytes after each call. ++ * N.B. with fallback to ordinary read from socket if ssl_fd->ssl is NULL ++ */ ++int ++ssl_recvlineb (XE_SSL_FD *ssl_fd, char *buf, int size) ++{ ++ char *origbuf = buf; /* save to prevent overfilling buf */ ++ char c = '\0'; ++ int ok = 1; ++ ++ /* always leave room for trailing \n */ ++ size -= 1; ++ ++ /* read and copy linebuf[next] to buf until buf fills or copied a \n */ ++ do { ++ ++ if (rb_next >= rb_unk) { ++ /* linebuf is empty -- refill */ ++ ++ int nr; ++ ++ if (tout (TOUT, ssl_fd->fd, 0) < 0) { ++ nr = -1; ++ break; ++ } ++ if (ssl_fd->ssl) ++ nr = SSL_read (ssl_fd->ssl, rb_linebuf, sizeof(rb_linebuf)); ++ else ++ nr = read (ssl_fd->fd, rb_linebuf, sizeof(rb_linebuf)); ++ if (nr <= 0) { ++ ok = nr; ++ rb_next = 0; + rb_unk = 0; + break; + } +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/sunmenu.c ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/sunmenu.c +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/sunmenu.c 2012-04-02 00:38:50.000000000 +0200 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/sunmenu.c 2018-01-08 22:09:43.585825210 +0100 +@@ -884,9 +884,11 @@ + int isjpeg, jpegl; + int njpeg; + unsigned char *jpeg; ++ XE_SSL_FD ssl_fd; + int fd, nr; + struct tm tm; + ++ memset(&ssl_fd, 0, sizeof(ssl_fd)); + memset(&tm, 0, sizeof(struct tm)); + + /* get desired type and size */ +@@ -899,18 +901,18 @@ + + /* build GET command */ + sprintf (get, "GET http://%s%s HTTP/1.0\r\nUser-Agent: xephem/%s\r\n\r\n", sohohost, fn, PATCHLEVEL); +- ++ + /* query server */ +- fd = httpGET (sohohost, get, buf); ++ fd = httpsGET (sohohost, get, buf, &ssl_fd); + if (fd < 0) { +- xe_msg (1, "http get: %s", buf); ++ xe_msg (1, "https get: %s", buf); + return (-1); + } + + /* read header (everything to first blank line), looking for jpeg */ + isjpeg = 0; + jpegl = 0; +- while (recvline (fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) { ++ while (ssl_recvline (&ssl_fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) { + xe_msg (0, "Rcv: %s", buf); + if (strstr (buf, "Content-Type:") && strstr (buf, "image/jpeg")) + isjpeg = 1; +@@ -923,15 +925,17 @@ + } + } + if (!isjpeg) { +- while (recvline (fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) ++ while (ssl_recvline (&ssl_fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) + xe_msg (0, "Rcv: %s", buf); + xe_msg (1, "Error talking to SOHO .. see File->System log\n"); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + return (-1); + } + if (jpegl == 0) { + xe_msg (1, "No Content-Length in header"); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + return (-1); + } + +@@ -941,20 +945,22 @@ + for (njpeg = 0; njpeg < jpegl; njpeg += nr) { + pm_set (100*njpeg/jpegl); + jpeg = (unsigned char *) XtRealloc ((char*)jpeg, njpeg+NSREAD); +- nr = readbytes (fd, jpeg+njpeg, NSREAD); +- if (nr < 0) { +- xe_msg (1, "%s:\n%s", sohohost, syserrstr()); ++ nr = SSL_read (ssl_fd.ssl, jpeg+njpeg, NSREAD); ++ if (nr <= 0) { ++ xe_msg (1, "%s: ssl read error code: %d", sohohost, SSL_get_error(ssl_fd.ssl, nr)); + pm_down(); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + return (-1); + } + if (nr == 0) + break; + } + pm_down(); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + +- sprintf (fn, "/%s_%s.jpg", filetime, filetype); ++ sprintf (fn, "/%s_%s.jpg", filetime, filetype); + /* display jpeg */ + if (displayPic (fn, jpeg, njpeg) < 0) + return (-1); +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/ucac.c ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/ucac.c +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/ucac.c 2013-03-02 03:41:37.000000000 +0100 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/ucac.c 2018-01-08 21:53:08.398538689 +0100 +@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ + + #define MAXFOV 15.0 /* max fov, degs */ + +-typedef unsigned char UC; /* byte */ +-typedef unsigned int UI; /* unsigned integer */ ++typedef unsigned char XE_UC; /* byte */ ++typedef unsigned int XE_UI; /* unsigned integer */ + + /* access an I*2 or I*4 at offset i in UC array a in little-endian byte order. + * a bit slow but ultra portable. + */ +-#define I2(a,i) ((int)(short)((((UI)(a)[i]) | (((UI)(a)[i+1])<<8)))) +-#define I4(a,i) ((int)((((UI)(a)[i]) | (((UI)(a)[i+1])<<8) | \ +- (((UI)(a)[i+2])<<16) | (((UI)(a)[i+3])<<24)))) ++#define I2(a,i) ((int)(short)((((XE_UI)(a)[i]) | (((XE_UI)(a)[i+1])<<8)))) ++#define I4(a,i) ((int)((((XE_UI)(a)[i]) | (((XE_UI)(a)[i+1])<<8) | \ ++ (((XE_UI)(a)[i+2])<<16) | (((XE_UI)(a)[i+3])<<24)))) + + /* keep track of an array of ObjF */ + typedef struct { +@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ + + #define DPMAS (1.0/3600000.0) /* degrees per milliarcsecond */ + +-typedef UC U2Star[44]; /* UCAC2 record */ +-typedef UC U3Star[84]; /* UCAC3 record */ +-typedef UC U4Star[78]; /* UCAC4 record */ ++typedef XE_UC U2Star[44]; /* UCAC2 record */ ++typedef XE_UC U3Star[84]; /* UCAC3 record */ ++typedef XE_UC U4Star[78]; /* UCAC4 record */ + static char *basedir; /* full dir with zone files and index */ + static FILE *indexfp; /* index file handle */ + +@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ + read4Index (int rz, int dz, int *nskip, int *nnew) + { + off_t offset; +- UC i4[4]; ++ XE_UC i4[4]; + + offset = (rz*NZH4 + dz)*sizeof(i4); + if (fseek (indexfp, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) { +@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ + read3Index (int rz, int dz, int *nskip, int *nnew) + { + off_t offset; +- UC i4[4]; ++ XE_UC i4[4]; + + offset = (rz*NZH + dz)*sizeof(i4); + if (fseek (indexfp, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) { +@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ + get2N (int rz, int dz, int *idp) + { + off_t offset; +- UC nat[4]; ++ XE_UC nat[4]; + + offset = (dz*NZW + rz)*sizeof(nat); + if (fseek (indexfp, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/usno.c ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/usno.c +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/usno.c 2005-03-20 12:04:51.000000000 +0100 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/usno.c 2016-10-26 18:59:16.469149437 +0200 +@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ + #define CATBPR 12 /* bytes per star record in .cat file */ + #define ACCBPR 30 /* bytes per record in .acc file */ + +-typedef unsigned int UI; +-typedef unsigned char UC; ++typedef unsigned int XE_UI; ++typedef unsigned char XE_UC; + + /* One Field star */ + typedef struct { +@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ + double lr[2], int *nd, double fd[2], double ld[2], int zone[2], char msg[]); + static int fetchSwath (int zone, double maxmag, double fr, double lr, + double fd, double ld, StarArray *sap, char msg[]); +-static int crackCatBuf (UC buf[CATBPR], FieldStar *fsp); ++static int crackCatBuf (XE_UC buf[CATBPR], FieldStar *fsp); + static int addGS (StarArray *sap, FieldStar *fsp); + + static char *cdpath; /* where CD rom is mounted */ +@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ + { + char fn[1024]; + char buf[ACCBPR]; +- UC catbuf[CATBPR]; ++ XE_UC catbuf[CATBPR]; + FieldStar fs; + long frec; + long os; +@@ -314,13 +314,13 @@ + * return 0 if ok, else -1. + */ + static int +-crackCatBuf (UC buf[CATBPR], FieldStar *fsp) ++crackCatBuf (XE_UC buf[CATBPR], FieldStar *fsp) + { +-#define BEUPACK(b) (((UI)((b)[0])<<24) | ((UI)((b)[1])<<16) | ((UI)((b)[2])<<8)\ +- | ((UI)((b)[3]))) ++#define BEUPACK(b) (((XE_UI)((b)[0])<<24) | ((XE_UI)((b)[1])<<16) | ((XE_UI)((b)[2])<<8)\ ++ | ((XE_UI)((b)[3]))) + double ra, dec; + int red, blu; +- UI mag; ++ XE_UI mag; + + /* first 4 bytes are packed RA, big-endian */ + ra = BEUPACK(buf)/(100.0*3600.0*15.0); +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/webdbmenu.c ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/webdbmenu.c +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/webdbmenu.c 2012-11-23 06:22:09.000000000 +0100 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/webdbmenu.c 2018-01-08 21:58:01.975042039 +0100 +@@ -404,6 +404,10 @@ + char *url; + { + static char http[] = "http://"; ++ static char https[] = "https://"; ++ char *transport = http; ++ int ltransport = strlen (transport); ++ int ishttp = 0; + char buf[512], msg[1024]; + char l0[512], l1[512], l2[512]; + char *l0p = l0, *l1p = l1, *l2p = l2; +@@ -411,21 +415,31 @@ + char *slash, *dot; + char filename[256]; + FILE *fp; ++ XE_SSL_FD ssl_fd; + int sockfd; + int nfound; + ++ memset(&ssl_fd, 0, sizeof(ssl_fd)); ++ + /* start */ + watch_cursor(1); + l0[0] = l1[0] = l2[0] = '\0'; + + /* find transport and host */ +- if (strncmp (url, http, 7)) { +- xe_msg (1, "URL must begin with %s", http); ++ if (!strncmp (url, transport, ltransport)) { ++ ishttp = 1; ++ } else { ++ transport = https; ++ ltransport = strlen (transport); ++ } ++ ++ if ((!ishttp) && (strncmp (url, transport, ltransport))) { ++ xe_msg (1, "URL must begin with %s or %s", http, https); + watch_cursor (0); + return; + } + +- slash = strchr (url+7, '/'); ++ slash = strchr (url+ltransport, '/'); + dot = strrchr (url, '.'); + if (!slash || !dot) { + xe_msg (1, "Badly formed URL"); +@@ -434,11 +448,16 @@ + } + + /* connect to check url */ +- sprintf (host, "%.*s", (int)(slash-url-7), url+7); ++ sprintf (host, "%.*s", (int)(slash-url-ltransport), url+ltransport); + sprintf (buf, "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\nConnection: close\r\nUser-Agent: xephem/%s\r\n\r\n", + url, host, PATCHLEVEL); + stopd_up(); +- sockfd = httpGET (host, buf, msg); ++ if (ishttp) { ++ sockfd = httpGET (host, buf, msg); ++ ssl_fd.fd = sockfd; ++ } else { ++ sockfd = httpsGET (host, buf, msg, &ssl_fd); ++ } + if (sockfd < 0) { + xe_msg (1, "http GET to %s failed: %s%s\n", host, buf, msg); + stopd_down(); +@@ -447,20 +466,22 @@ + } + + /* create local file */ +- slash = strrchr (url+7, '/'); ++ slash = strrchr (url+ltransport, '/'); + sprintf (filename, "%s/%.*sedb", getPrivateDir(), (int)(dot-slash), slash+1); + fp = fopen (filename, "w"); + if (!fp) { + xe_msg (1, "%s:\n%s", filename, syserrstr()); + watch_cursor (0); +- close (sockfd); ++ if (!ishttp) ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + return; + } + + /* copy to file, insuring only .edb lines. + */ + nfound = 0; +- while (recvlineb (sockfd, l2p, sizeof(l2)) > 0) { ++ while (ssl_recvlineb (&ssl_fd, l2p, sizeof(l2)) > 0) { + char *lrot; + Obj o; + +@@ -484,7 +505,9 @@ + + /* tidy up and done */ + fclose (fp); +- close (sockfd); ++ if (!ishttp) ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + if (!nfound) { + xe_msg (1, "No objects in file"); + remove (filename); +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/xephem.h ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/xephem.h +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/xephem.h 2012-12-30 18:01:12.000000000 +0100 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/xephem.h 2016-10-26 20:09:47.000000000 +0200 +@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ + + #include /* be kind to those who don't use xe_msg() */ + ++#include "net.h" /* has to be included before astro.h because of openssl */ + #include "astro.h" + #include "ip.h" + + /* local glue files */ + #include "map.h" +-#include "net.h" + #include "patchlevel.h" + #include "preferences.h" + #include "db.h" diff --git a/Site/contrib/xephem-3.7.7_openssl_earthmenu.patch b/Site/contrib/xephem-3.7.7_openssl_earthmenu.patch new file mode 100644 index 0000000..49b04c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/xephem-3.7.7_openssl_earthmenu.patch @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +diff -Naur ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/earthmenu.c ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/earthmenu.c +--- ./orig/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/earthmenu.c 2012-11-23 05:15:39.000000000 +0100 ++++ ./patched/xephem-3.7.7/GUI/xephem/earthmenu.c 2018-09-24 01:17:34.248048815 +0200 +@@ -4886,8 +4886,11 @@ + int nrawgif; + char buf[1024]; + int w, h; ++ XE_SSL_FD ssl_fd; + int fd; + ++ memset(&ssl_fd, 0, sizeof(ssl_fd)); ++ + /* open test case, else real network */ + fd = openh ("/tmp/latest_cmoll.gif", O_RDONLY); + if (fd >= 0) { +@@ -4902,12 +4905,12 @@ + stopd_up(); + + /* make connection to server for the file */ +- xe_msg (0, "Getting\nhttp://%s%s", wxhost, wxfile); +- (void) sprintf (buf, "GET http://%s%s HTTP/1.0\r\nUser-Agent: xephem/%s\r\n\r\n", +- wxhost, wxfile, PATCHLEVEL); +- fd = httpGET (wxhost, buf, buf); ++ xe_msg (0, "Getting\nhttps://%s%s", wxhost, wxfile); ++ (void) sprintf (buf, "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\nConnection: close\r\nUser-Agent: xephem/%s\r\n\r\n", ++ wxfile, wxhost, PATCHLEVEL); ++ fd = httpsGET (wxhost, buf, buf, &ssl_fd); + if (fd < 0) { +- xe_msg (1, "http get:\n%s", buf); ++ xe_msg (1, "https get:\n%s", buf); + stopd_down(); + return (-1); + } +@@ -4915,7 +4918,7 @@ + /* read header, looking for some header info */ + isgif = 0; + length = 0; +- while (recvline (fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) { ++ while (ssl_recvline (&ssl_fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) { + xe_msg (0, "Rcv: %s", buf); + if (strstr (buf, "image/gif")) + isgif = 1; +@@ -4923,9 +4926,10 @@ + length = atoi (buf+15); + } + if (!isgif) { +- while (recvline (fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) ++ while (ssl_recvline (&ssl_fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 1) + xe_msg (0, "Rcv: %s", buf); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + stopd_down(); + return (-1); + } +@@ -4936,12 +4940,13 @@ + pm_up(); + for (nrawgif = 0; nrawgif < sizeof(rawgif); nrawgif += nr) { + pm_set (100*nrawgif/length); +- nr = readbytes (fd, rawgif+nrawgif, 4096); ++ nr = SSL_read (ssl_fd.ssl, rawgif+nrawgif, 4096); + if (nr < 0) { +- xe_msg (1, "%s:\n%s", wxhost, syserrstr()); ++ xe_msg (1, "%s: ssl read error code: %d", wxhost, SSL_get_error(ssl_fd.ssl, nr)); + stopd_down(); + pm_down(); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + return (-1); + } + if (nr == 0) +@@ -4949,7 +4954,8 @@ + } + stopd_down(); + pm_down(); +- close (fd); ++ SSL_free (ssl_fd.ssl); ++ close (ssl_fd.fd); + if (nr > 0) { + xe_msg (1, "File too large"); + return (-1); diff --git a/Site/contrib/xeseds2.1.pl-removethis b/Site/contrib/xeseds2.1.pl-removethis new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25c2d47 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/contrib/xeseds2.1.pl-removethis @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +#!/usr/bin/perl +# +# xeseds2.pl version 2.1 +# +# Original program by unknown author +# cleaned up and fixed for xephem 3.5 and konq by twalker@bigpond.net.au +# It now forks a new konqueror window with each "goto" +# Treat as GPL unless 'unknown author' has complaints :) +# +# UPDATED: 20020425 +# +# added comet, asteroid, planet, and satellite links. We are now pulling out a lot more info :) +# Some of the links mightn't be the best resource and if you know of better ones and +# could be bothered to figure out their syntax then sent me back an edited copy. +# +# We have caching support!. When you access a messier object or an NGC object from seds +# we are pulling the object down with wget and then loading up that html page in konqueror +# .. using this method you can pull pages down before you go out and access them again in the +# field. +# +# bloody hell, this script is really starting to need documentation! +# +# Okay you can revert to original behaviour by setting caching=0. This means you have to be +# online to access anything. i +# +# When using caching, set your cache dir to wherever.. ~/.xeseds might work for you, +# it might not, I found it simpler just to give an absolute. +# +# wget is required for caching support. +# +# Beyond that I'm really interested in finding a 1/2 decesnt comet resource. +# thessd.jpl.nasa.gov supports comets but not in anyway I could figure out on the command line. +# Seems to only like POST requests. The planet resource is quite dull :) A new one there +# might be useful. Finally there may be some comet/asteriods name's I haven't come up with. +# I'm basically looking at whatever output the xephem fifo dishes up and then searching +# for an online resource that takes that kind of input... I found 3 ways of dishing up +# a comet so far, so if there are any other let me know. +# +# p.s. when you are using seds caching konq is going to take a while to come up as wget +# does it's run before loading konq on the local file. I could do them both in tandem but it' +# going to require downloading double the info, which doesn't make sense :) +# +# Tim Walker, twalker@bigpond.net.au + +$| = 1; + +$caching = 1; + +$browser = "konqueror"; +$cachedir = "/home/ecdowney/.xeseds"; +$wget = "/usr/bin/wget"; + +# --------------------------- + +$messierurl = "http://www.seds.org/messier/m/"; +$ngcurl = "http://www.seds.org/~spider/ngc/ngc.cgi?"; +#$ngcurl = "http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/ngc/n"; +$cometurl = "http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/"; +$asteroidurl = "http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/da?"; +$planeturl = "http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/"; +$saturl = "https://www.TBS-satellite.com/cgi-bin/wwwwais?keywords="; + +$args = @ARGV; +$port = 0; +$loc_fifo = 0; +$in_fifo = 0; + +for ($i = 0; $i < $args; $i++) { + $switch = $ARGV[$i]; + $i++; + if ($switch eq "-m") { + $in_fifo = $ARGV[$i]; + } elsif ($switch eq "-g") { + $loc_fifo = $ARGV[$i]; + } elsif ($switch eq "-t") { + $port = $ARGV[$i]; + } +} + +mkdir ($cachedir) if ( ! -e $cachedir && $caching); +chdir ($cachedir) if ($caching); + + +open FIFO, "+<$loc_fifo" or die "$loc_fifo: $!\n"; + +while (true) { + $data=0; + $url=0; + sysread (FIFO, $data, 1024); + print "DATA: $data\n"; + + + if ($data =~ /,E, /) { + print "Got EarthSat!\n"; + ($fullname, @therest) = split(/,/, $data); + ($keyword, @therest) = split(/\s+/, $fullname); + print " -> URL: $saturl$keyword\n"; + $url = "$saturl$keyword"; + } elsif ($data =~ /,f/) { + print "Got Seds!\n"; + ($name, @stuff) = split /,\s*/, $data; + if ($name =~ /M(\d+)/) { + $url = $messierurl . sprintf("m%03d.html", $1); + } + if ($name =~ /NGC (\d+)/) { + $url = $ngcurl . "ngc$1"; + } + if ($name =~ /IC (\d+)/) { + $url = $ngcurl . "ic$1"; + } + if ($caching) { + #$command = "(cd $cachedir && $wget -c -E -k -K -p $url)"; + $command = "(cd $cachedir && $wget -p -E -K -k -c $url)"; + print " -> $command\n"; + $filename = $url; + $filename =~ s/~/\%7E/g; + if ($filename !~ /.html$/) { $filename .= ".html"; } + $filename = $cachedir."/".substr($filename, 7); + # $filename =~ s/\?/\\?/g; + print "Checking for $filename...\n"; + if ( -e $filename) { + print " -> found it\n"; + } else { + print " -> NOT Found\n"; + } + system($command) if ( ! -e $filename ); + print " -> Loading file $filename\n"; + $url = $filename; + } + + } elsif ($data =~ /,e,/ || $data =~ /,p,/) { + print "Got Comet!\n"; + if ($data =~ /^C\// || $data =~ /^P\//) { + ($junkyear, $desig, @therest) = split(/\s+/, $data); + ($junk, $year) = split(/\//, $junkyear); + print " -> URL: $cometurl$year$desig.html"; + $url = "$cometurl$year$desig.html"; + } elsif ($data =~ /P\//) { + ($comet, @therest) = split(/\//, $data); + ($cometnum, $junk) = split(/P/, $comet,2); + if ($cometnum < 10) { + $zeroes = "000"; + } elsif ($cometnum < 100) { + $zeroes = "00"; + } elsif ($cometnum < 1000) { + $zeroes = "0"; + } + print " -> URL: $cometurl$zeroes$comet.html"; + $url = "$cometurl$zeroes$comet.html"; + } else { + print " -> Must be an asteroid\n"; + ($asternumber, @therest) = split(/\s+/, $data); + print " -> URL: $asteroidurl$asternumber\n"; + $url = "$asteroidurl$asternumber"; + } + + + } elsif ($data =~ /,P/) { + print "Got Planet!\n"; + ($planet, $junk) = split(/,/, $data); + $planet =~ tr/[A-Z]/[a-z]/; + print " -> $planeturl$planet.html"; + $url = "$planeturl$planet.html"; + + + } else { + print "Unknown!\n"; + } + if ($url) { + $cmd = "$browser $url"; + $pid = fork(); + exec($cmd) if (!$pid); + } +} diff --git a/Site/coordsysbutton.gif b/Site/coordsysbutton.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6217d4 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/coordsysbutton.gif differ diff --git a/Site/data.html b/Site/data.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90328f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/data.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + +XEphem: Data Tables + + + + +
+
+ +Extensive ephemeris data table can be configured for the objects and +information desired for on-screen viewing, printing and plotting. + + +

+ + + + diff --git a/Site/data.png b/Site/data.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..235e765 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/data.png differ diff --git a/Site/download.html b/Site/download.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2975d01 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/download.html @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ + + +Free XEphem Downloads + + + + + +

+

+Download XEphem 4.0.1 free +

+
+ +
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2020 Elwood Charles Downey
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
+ + +

+By downloading any of the files below, you are agreeing to all of the terms above. + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
File name Size MD5 Description
xephem-4.0.1.tgz1821432745322de0b926e7f8b56d2cadba664dfbSource code
XEphem-3.7.7-disk1.tgz49948572389ee3845c873b67c4498d133130a658bSource code, binaries for linux and macOS, lunar images, misc catalogs to mag 15
XEphem-3.7-disk2.tgz59679191039539d44a6cb66eb3ddc164757d989adNorthen GSC 2.2.0.1 stars to mag 18.5
XEphem-3.7-disk3.tgz574497414fef0324ec4ae5131a0939dc4b2378899Southern GSC 2.2.0.1 stars to mag 18.5
+ +

+Future updates will only be posted to the XEphem github repository at +https://github.com/XEphem/XEphem. + +

+Thanks for using XEphem. + + + diff --git a/Site/earthsat-tn.png b/Site/earthsat-tn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e67c44 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/earthsat-tn.png differ diff --git a/Site/earthsat.html b/Site/earthsat.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb00367 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/earthsat.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + +XEphem: Earth Satellite Tracks + + + + +

+
+ +Plot ground tracks and orbits for any number of Earth satellites +simultaneously in either "Mission Control" or spherical format. Sunlit side +shows colored relief profile, night side shows light sources viewed from space. +Get up-to-date TLE parameter sets with one click from celestrak.com or other +web sites. + + +

+ + + + + diff --git a/Site/earthsat.png b/Site/earthsat.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..411a558 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/earthsat.png differ diff --git a/Site/earthwx-tn.gif b/Site/earthwx-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af9e8e9 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/earthwx-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/earthwx.gif b/Site/earthwx.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25f26ca Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/earthwx.gif differ diff --git a/Site/earthwx.html b/Site/earthwx.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4226ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/earthwx.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + +XEphem: Global Earth Weather + + + + +

+
+ +Display real-time global Earth cloud cover, land and sea surface +temperature, with any number of overlayed satellite ground tracks. Live +internet data is courtesy University of Wisconsin, Madison. + + +

+ + + + + + diff --git a/Site/faq.html b/Site/faq.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0fcb07 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/faq.html @@ -0,0 +1,597 @@ + + +XEphem FAQ + + + + + +

+

+

XEphem 3.7.7 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers +

+ +

+Last updated December 29 , 2017 +

+
+ +
+ +The questions are organized into the follow categories: +

+ + + + + +
+ UNIX + getting XEphem up and running well on your UNIX (or Linux, etc) system. +
+ Mac + ditto for MacOS X +
+ Usage + tips, techniques and issues applicable to all platforms. +
+ Bugs + Known bugs in the current release. +
+ +

+Can't find your question here? Try the +Forum (off site) +or send an email to + +xephem@ClearSkyInstitute.com +

+ + + +

+ + +UNIX Installation Questions + + +
    + +

  1. + I built from the downloaded source code and I am having problems with + XEphem GUI operation, such as windows not + closing properly using the title bar control. Any suggestions? + +

    + +

  2. + When I try to use Help I get the message "Error: No running window + found". I have + Help » Configure + set to mozilla. What's going on? + +

    + + Try using firefox instead as follows: + + 

    +    firefox --new-tab '%s'
+
    + (contributed by Nick Warne) + +

  3. + + When I open Sky View I get the message "can not find classicfigs.csf" and + XEphem dies. +
    + Or when I start XEphem I know there is supposed to be a logo + at the top but it is missing. +
    + Or I can only find a few database files after I installed the commerical version. +
    What's going on?? +     +

    + + Sounds like there is a problem with the way XEphem support files are + configured. First some background. XEphem looks for support files in two + places in order, first XEphem.PrivateDir then XEphem.ShareDir. These terms + are X Window System resource names that refer to a per-user private + directory and a system-wide shared directory, respectively. By default + these are $HOME/.xephem and . (where + "$HOME" refers to the directory you are in when you first log + into your system and "dot" is UNIX parlance for the current directory), + respectively. + +

    + You can set a different value for XEphem.PrivateDir in the file named + $HOME/.xephemrc. For example, to use the directory + /home/myhome/.myxephem + for your private files add a line to this file as follows: + 

    +        XEphem.PrivateDir: /home/mylogin/.myxephem
+
    + +

    + You can set a different value for XEphem.ShareDir using the standard X + Window System resource file mechanism. The default location for the global + version of this file for XEphem on Linux and MacOS X systems is + /etc/XEphem, and on other UNIX systems it is often + /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XEphem. + For example, to use the directory /usr/local/xephem for your + shared files add a line as follows: + 

    +        XEphem.ShareDir: /usr/local/xephem
+
    + + Now, to get back to the opening questions. The missing files in question + are located in the directories named auxil or + catalogs under XEphem.ShareDir. So if these directories are + not set up correctly, such as from a previous installation of XEphem that + was installed differently or when trying to mix the free and commercial + versions of XEphem, they will not be found. With this explanation, you + now know how to check that your private and shared directories are set up + as desired and then things should work correctly. + +

  4. + I am running Linux and I get + errors about missing motif or X11 stuff. What can I do? + + +

    + + In short, you need to install more packages. For example, on Ubuntu 12.10, type + the following command to install them: + + 

    +	sudo apt-get install libmotif-dev libx11-dev libxmu-dev libxp-dev libxt-dev x11proto-print-dev
+
    + + It's easier on OpenSUSE, because it brings in everything else for you as + dependencies of openmotif: + + 
    +	$ sudo zypper install openmotif-devel
+
    + + On Fedora 8, it is also just as simple: + + 
    +	$ sudo yum install openmotif-devel
+
    + + On Ubuntu 64 bit, use the package manager to install libmotif4. To install disk2 and disk3, + install tcsh. + +

    + On Ubuntu 16.04, try + 

    +	apt-get install libmotif-dev libxmu-dev
+
    + +

    + On Ubuntu and Debian you may also need to add the PPA for libXp. Further information is + available here. + + +

    + + If these packages still do not resolve all references, you can try using your + package management tools to search for the package that defines a missing file. + For example, on Ubuntu you can get apt-file as follows: + + 

    +	sudo apt-get install apt-file
+	sudo apt-file update
+
    + + Then you can search for missing file x using + + 
    +	apt-file search x
+
    + +

    + Comparable packages and package management tools are provided on other + linux flavors. + +

  5. + Can I use Google Chrome as the help system browser? + +

    + Yes. Open Help » Configure help + then make and select an entry that contains the following: +

    + + google-chrome %s + +
    + Test it. If it works, make it the default using Preferences » Save » Save now. + +
+ + + + +
+ + +MacOS X Installation Questions + + +
    +

  1. + When I try to run the commercial version on Yosemite, I get an error about some library not being loaded. Any ideas? +

    + + Yes. This is because Yosemite moved the location of the X Windows libraries. + The cure is very simple. Open a Terminal and type the following command and then XEphem will run fine: + 

    +	sudo ln -s /opt/X11 /usr
+
    + +

  2. + When I try to build the free version on Yosemite using the instructions in the INSTALL file, I + get errors about not finding X11 files. Any ideas? +

    + + Yes. The change above will also cure this issue. + + +

  3. + I am having problems installing on Leopard and Lion. Any ideas? +

    + + Follow these steps to install the CD images on Leopard (10.5), Snow + Leopard (10.6) and Lion (10.7): +

    + + + + + + + + +
    StepDo thisComments +
    1Install Disk 1 packageIf it says it was Successful, proceed to Step 2. If it almost + completes but then says it failed go to Step 1b. +
    1bStart Terminal and type exactly the following at the + prompt all on one line: +
    sudo sh -c "echo XEphem.ShareDir:/usr/local/xephem > /etc/XEphem" +     		+ This creates a file telling XEphem where its supporting files are + installed. This must be done as root which the command "sudo" does + temporarily -- admin is not enough (this is why the install fails). + Proceed with Step 2. +
    2Install Disk 2 packageIt will say it completed successfully, + which it did. +
    3Install Disk 3 packageIt will say it completed successfully, + which it did but along the way it wiped out Disk 2. +
    4Install Disk 2 package (yes, again!)It will say it completed + successfully, which it did and it also did not effect Disk 3. +
    + +

  4. + I am having problems installing on Mountain Lion. Any ideas? +

    + + Follow these steps to install the CD images on Mountain Lion (10.8): +

    + + + + + + + + + +
    StepDo thisComments +
    + 1 + + Install Disk 1 package + + If it says it was Successful, proceed to Step 2. If it almost + completes but then says it failed go to Step 1b. +
    + 1b + + Start Terminal and type exactly the following at the prompt all on one line: +
    sudo sh -c "echo XEphem.ShareDir:/usr/local/xephem > /etc/XEphem" +     		+ This creates a file telling XEphem where its supporting files are + installed. This must be done as root which the command "sudo" does + temporarily -- admin is not enough (this is why the install fails). + Proceed with Step 2. +
    + 2 + + Install Disk 2 package + + It will say it completed successfully, which it did. + +
    + 3 + + Start a Terminal session and type exactly (or better yet copy/paste): +
    sudo mv /usr/local/xephem/catalogs/GSC2201/*.xe3 /tmp +     		+ This command moves the database files installed from Disk2 to a temporary location so the next + step does not trash them. + +
    + 4 + + Install Disk 3 package + + It will say it completed successfully, which it did but if + Disk2 files had still been in place it would have wiped them out. + +
    + 5 + + Again in Terminal type exactly: +
    sudo mv /tmp/*.xe3 /usr/local/xephem/catalogs/GSC2201 +     		+ This command moves the database files that came from Disk2 back where they should go. + +
    + +

  5. + How can I get my trackpad or mouse to emulate a three-button mouse? + +

    + Start XEphem, then click on the big X app in the dock. Open X11 -> Preferences. + In the Input tab, check on "Emulate three button mouse". + Now Option-click is like the middle button and Command-click is like the right button. + +

  6. + When I build from source I get errors like 'make: Command not found' or + about missing X11 files. Am I missing something? + +

    + + Yes. You are missing XCode or X11. You can get XCode free from Apple's web site. + +

    + Note that as of + 10.8 (Mountain Lion), installing XCode does not install the command line development tools. To + do that, just start XCode, open Preferences/Components and install the Command Line Tools. Also as + of Mountain Lion, Apple no longer ships X11. You now get it from + http://xquartz.macosforge.org. +

    + Now that you have command line tools such as cc and make and X11 installed, read the INSTALL + file inside the XEphem tarball for the proper way to invoke the + make command when building on OS X. + + +

  7. + Can I use my default browser as the help system browser? + +

    + Yes. To use your default browser for XEphem help on Mac OS X, enter + and select the following entry in Help » Configure help (contributed + by Gavin Eadie) +

    + + osascript -e 'open location "%s"' + +
    + +

  8. + I have created a file (such as a print, plot, list, etc) and would like + to see it outside XEphem but I can not find it. Where are they stored on OS X? + + +

    + They are stored wherever your XEphem.PrivateDir resource is set. By default, + on OS X this is ~/Library/XEphem. Note you can see the Library folder + within Finder by clicking on the Go menu while holding down the Option key. + + + +

+ + + + +
+ + +Usage Questions (applicable to all platforms) + + +
    + + + +

    +

  1. What's wrong with Help? +

    + +It's probably not configured correctly. XEphem uses your Internet browser to +display help, so it has to know how to talk to it. +

    +Off the Main window, open +Help » Configure help. +Look through the choices for your browser. If you find it, just click the +button on the left and test with any XEphem Help entry. Note that some of +these commands assume the browser is already open and do not work otherwise, so +if the line for your browser is listed and activated but Help still does not +work, try opening your browser first and trying again. + +

    +If Help still does not work, you'll have to figure out the command to issue to +your browser to open a local file. The table entry is passed to a shell so you +can do whatever you need to, but don't forget to quote sensitive characters. +Enter your new command in any line of the table, using %s where the local file +name should go, then click to activate the line and test again. + +

    +After you have it working, be sure to save the new configuration using +Preferences » Save or +you'll have to do it again each time you start XEphem. + +

    +We researched several browsers but there are certainly more we didn't try, and +there might well be better ways to talk to them than we found. Please send +your suggested commands to us at +xephem@clearskyinstitute.com +and we will post here for others to find. +

    + + +

    +

  2. Why does the Sky View Grid toolbar button act so weird? +

    +Perhaps the logic is only obvious to me! The Sky View uses +two coordinate systems: RA/Dec and Alt/Az. +The coordinate system for Display orientation is independent of that for the +Grid. The rules for the control buttons are as follows: + + + + + + + + + +
    + toggles Display coordinate system between RA/Dec and Alt/Az, but + never changes the coordinate system for the Grid. +
    + turns the Grid off and on, and when + it turns it on always sets the Grid coordinate system to match that + currently used for Display. +
    +In this way 6 combinations of coordinate systems +(2 for Display [RA/Dec + Alt/Az] X 3 for Grid [RA/Dec + Alt/Az + off]) +can be controlled with just 2 buttons +(although +one can not switch among them in an arbitrary order). + + +

    +

  3. Why do Sky View grid lines have a small bump to them sometimes? +

    +Because of atmospheric refraction. Refraction raises everything to a greater +extent as you look lower and lower, increasing rapidly near the end to about +32' at horizontal. This effect is evident when displaying in one (ideal) +coordinate system and overlaying (refracted) grid lines in the opposite +coordinate system. +

    +Suppose you are pointing near the horizon, are using Alt-Az display mode and +are displaying RA-Dec grid lines. When projected onto the celestial sphere +as seen from your location under all that air, this has the effect of +curving the grid lines a little higher in the vicinity of the horizon than +one would see without refraction. Indeed, because of refraction you actually +see about 32' more than 90° down from the zenith -- bonus! +

    +Demonstrate this to yourself by going to the Main window and setting an +Air Pressure value of 0 to effectively eliminate refraction. You will see the +grid lines straighten out, and objects that were visible slightly above the +horizon will drop below and go out of site. +

    +What happens below the horizon? This is a bit problematic. In accord with +standard models, XEphem gradually reduces refraction so that at about 5° +below the airless horizon the effect is gone and the grids return to their +airless paths. + + +

    +

  4. What is the meaning of the red circles drawn on my sky chart at a +certain point on the ecliptic? +

    + +The anti-solar point is marked with a small open circle. The edges of +the umbral and penumbral Earth shadow are marked with larger open circles. If +Preferences » Equatorial +is set to Topocentric, the projection is at the current distance of the Moon +and corrected for parallax; if set to Geocentric the projection is at infinity. +

    +If the moon is within the small circle you have a total lunar-eclipse; try +2003-11-09 @ 01:00:00 UTC. + +

    +

  5. May I use screen shots, Postscript files, listings or other stuff made +using XEphem on my web site or publications? +

    + Regarding web sites, yes you may provided the following bit of HTML is + placed somewhere on each such page: +

    + 

    +    <a target="csiwin" href="http://www.ClearSkyInstitute.com/xephem/xephem.html">Created using <b>XEphem</b></a>
+
    +

    + It should look and work like this: + + Created using XEphem. +

    + Regarding publications, the Postscript files generated by XEphem already + contain sufficient boilerplate with regards to giving us due credit. If + these files are used intact as generated by XEphem, no further credits + are required. + +

    + What you may not do is cite isolated numbers that you pulled + off XEphem in your publications. There are too many contextual + circumstances surrounding astrometric quantities to make fair + representation of all that XEphem considered in its computation of + displayed values. + +

    +

  6. Why do you use Motif? Will you ever change to something else? +

    +I suspect XEphem will forever be written in Motif for the following reasons: + +

      +
    1. First and foremost, I very deliberately make the decision to + focus my time and energy on features and accuracy, not aesthetics + because, frankly, it's the aspect of the project I enjoy the most. I + still have a long list of features to add in the coming years; this + effort, and my enjoyment, would be drastically diluted by a major + effort to change the L&F. + +

      +

    2. The effort to change widget sets would be large. + Not only is it "just" a matter of changing widgets in roughly 100k + lines of GUI code, but I make deep use of Motif-specific functionality + (after all, I was involved in creating Motif in the 80s) that do not + map well to other toolkits. + +

      +

    3. I know the entire API of Motif (about 3000 functions) completely + by heart and am very efficient using it. When adding a new window, I + see right through the widgets straight into the science. I am *almost* + this proficient with Qt and Java Swing but see #2 and #4. + +

      +

    4. I must have no inherent artistic or aesthetic sense of my own + because, really, Motif still looks fine to me. To my mind, all buttons + look alike and drag-and-drop is silly. I have no personal appreciation + whatsoever of why one would pick one toolkit over another. I lived + through the great SunView/OpenLook/Motif GUI wars of the late 80s + wondering all along what the fuss was about. + +

      +

    5. I feel no compulsion to compete or otherwise compare XEphem with + any other software. It is my own labor of love which I am happy to + share, it is not my intention to make it "successful" by any external + measure. I do hope you find XEphem useful, even if you find it ugly. +
    + + +
+ + + +
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+
+
+XEphem
+
+ pronounced eks i +fem´
+ +
+Version 3.7.7
+
+  Reference +Manual
+ +
+© 1990-2015 Elwood Charles Downey
+ 
+
+ +

+
    +
  1. Introduction +
      +
    1. Quantitative +information
      2. +
    2. Local circumstances
      3. +
    3. Launching XEphem +
        +
      1. Shared and Private Directories
        2. +
      2. Main window control
        3. +
      +
      4. +
    4. Time +and angle formats
      5. +
    +
    2. +
  2. Main +Window +
      +
    1. Main's Help menu +
      2. +
    2. Menu bar +
        +
      1. File
        2. +
      2. View
        3. +
      3. Tools
        4. +
      4. Data
        5. +
      5. Preferences
        6. +
      +
      3. +
    3. Sections +
        +
      1. Local +
          +
        1. Site Selection
          2. +
        +
        2. +
      2. Time
        3. +
      3. Calendar
        4. +
      4. Night
        5. +
      5. Looping
        6. +
      +
      4. +
    +
    3. +
  3. File menu +
      +
    1. System log
      2. +
    2. Gallery +
        +
      1. File format
        2. +
      +
      3. +
    3. Network +Setup
      4. +
    4. External Input
      5. +
    +
    4. +
  4. View menu +
      +
    1. Data Table +
        +
      1. Data setup
        2. +
      +
      2. +
    2. Sun +
        +
      1. Sun mouse
        2. +
      2. Sun Control menu +
        3. +
      3. Sun Files menu +
        4. +
      4. Sun Type menu +
        5. +
      5. Sun Size menu
        6. +
      +
      3. +
    3. Moon +
        +
      1. Moon mouse
        2. +
      2. Moon Control menu
        3. +
      3. Moon View menu +
          +
        1. More info...
          2. +
        +
        4. +
      4. Scale menu
        5. +
      5. Lunar +Orbiter IV
        6. +
      +
      4. +
    4. Earth +
        +
      1. Earth mouse
        2. +
      2. Earth Control menu
        3. +
      3. Earth View menu +
          +
        1. Objects dialog
          2. +
        +
        4. +
      +
      5. +
    5. Mars +
        +
      1. Mars mouse
        2. +
      2. Mars Control menu
        3. +
      3. Mars View menu +
          +
        1. Features...
          2. +
        2. More info...
          3. +
        3. Moon view...
          4. +
        +
        4. +
      +
      6. +
    6. Jupiter +
        +
      1. Jupiter mouse
        2. +
      2. Jupiter Control menu
        3. +
      3. Jupiter View menu +
          +
        1. More info...
          2. +
        +
        4. +
      +
      7. +
    7. Saturn +
        +
      1. Saturn mouse
        2. +
      2. Saturn Control menu
        3. +
      3. Saturn View menu +
          +
        1. More info...
          2. +
        +
        4. +
      +
      8. +
    8. Uranus +
        +
      1. Uranus mouse
        2. +
      2. Uranus Control menu
        3. +
      3. Uranus View menu +
          +
        1. More info...
          2. +
        +
        4. +
      +
      9. +
    9. Solar System +
        +
      1. Solar System Scales
        2. +
      2. Solar System mouse
        3. +
      3. Solar System Control +menu
        4. +
      4. Solar System View +menu
        5. +
      +
      10. +
    +
    5. +
  5. Sky View +
      +
    1. Sky View mouse
      2. +
    2. Toolbars
      3. +
    3. Scale controls
      4. +
    4. Trails
      5. +
    5. Sky View Control +menu +
        +
      1. Options +
          +
        1. Display mode:
          2. +
        2. Grid Control:
          3. +
        3. View Options:
          4. +
        4. Constellation: +
          5. +
        5. Labeling:
          6. +
        +
        2. +
      2. Filter
        3. +
      3. Print
        4. +
      4. List
        5. +
      5. Horizon
        6. +
      6. Field Stars
        7. +
      7. Favorites
        8. +
      8. Eyepieces
        9. +
      9. Coordinates
        10. +
      10. User +annotation
        11. +
      +
      6. +
    6. Sky View Images menu +
        +
      1. Load and Save FITS +images +
        2. +
      2. Image Analysis Tools +
          +
        1. Brightness and +Contrast
          2. +
        2. Cross section Slice
          3. +
        3. Magnifying Glass
          4. +
        4. Region of Interest
          5. +
        5. 2D Gaussian +Measurements
          6. +
        +
        3. +
      3. Registration +
        4. +
      4. WCS Solver
        5. +
      +
      7. +
    7. Sky View Favorites +menu
      8. +
    8. Sky View Telescope +menu +
        +
      1. INDI Test Drivers
        2. +
      2. INDI Configuration +window
        3. +
      3. INDI Control Panel
        4. +
      4. FIFO Control
        5. +
      +
      9. +
    9. Sky View History menu
      10. +
    10. Sky View Binary Star Map
      11. +
    +
    6. +
  6. Tools menu +
      +
    1. Plot values
      2. +
    2. List values
      3. +
    3. Solve equation
      4. +
    4. Find close pairs +
        +
      1. Close Pairs Control +menu
        2. +
      2. Close Pairs Options +menu
        3. +
      3. Close Pairs Algorithm
        4. +
      +
      5. +
    5. Night at a Glance
      6. +
    6. Coordinate converter
      7. +
    7. Observers +logbook
      8. +
    8. Movie +loop
      9. +
    +
    7. +
  7. Data menu +
      +
    1. Files +
        +
      1. Files Control menu
        2. +
      2. File format +
          +
        1. General format +rules +
          2. +
        2. Format Details
          3. +
        3. Magnitude models
          4. +
        +
        3. +
      3. Notes
        4. +
      4. Two-line Earth +satellite element sets
        5. +
      +
      2. +
    2. Index
      3. +
    3. Favorites
      4. +
    4. Download +
      5. +
    5. Field Stars +
        +
      1. Hubble GSC
        2. +
      2. USNO A or SA catalogs
        3. +
      3. Proper Motion catalogs
        4. +
      4. Skip likely duplicates
        5. +
      5. Notes
        6. +
      +
      6. +
    +
    8. +
  8. Preferences + +
      +
    1. Fonts +
        +
      1. XLFD
        2. +
      +
      2. +
    2. Colors +
        +
      1. Colors Control menu
        2. +
      2. Star colors
        3. +
      +
      3. +
    3. Save
      4. +
    +
    9. +
  9. Multifunction Tools +
      +
    1. Trails
      2. +
    2. Printing
      3. +
    3. Annotation
      4. +
    +
    10. +
  10. Credits
    11. +
  11. Notes +
      +
    1. Horizon
      2. +
    2. glob Patterns
      3. +
    3. Accuracy
      4. +
    4. TODO
      5. +
    5. Known Bugs
      6. +
    6. History
      7. +
    +
    12. +
+
+
+

1 Introduction

+

XEphem is a scientific-grade interactive astronomical ephemeris +package. XEphem:

+
    +
  • computes heliocentric, +geocentric and topocentric information for all objects;
    • +
  • has built-in support for all planets; +the moons of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Earth; central +meridian longitude of Mars and Jupiter; Saturn's rings; and Jupiter's Great Red Spot;
    • +
  • allows user-defined objects +including stars, deepsky objects, asteroids, comets and Earth +satellites.
    • +
  • provides special efficient handling of large catalogs including Tycho, +Hipparcos, GSC.
    +
    • +
  • displays data in configurable +tabular formats in conjunction with several interactive +graphical views;
    • +
  • displays a night-at-a-glance +24 hour graphic showing when any selected objects are up;
    • +
  • displays 3-D stereo Solar +System views that are particularly well suited for visualizing +comet trajectories;
    • +
  • quickly finds all close pairs +of objects in the sky;
    • +
  • sorts and prints all catalogs with very flexible criteria for +creating custom observing lists;
    • +
  • creates plots of any pairs +of all data fields throughout the program;
    • +
  • downloads current asteroid and +comets ephemerides from Lowell Observatory and Minor Planet +Center;
    • +
  • downloads timely Earth satellite +orbital TLE parameters;
    • +
  • plots true binary system orbits;
    +
    • +
  • downloads Digitized Sky Survey +FITS files from STScI or ESO;
    • +
  • provides a handy coordinates + spreadsheet for converting +among +equatorial, ecliptic, horizon and galactic frames ;
    • +
  • displays live SOHO images of the Sun;
    +
    • +
  • includes a compiler for entering and solving user-written functions using +any data fields;
    • +
  • serves as the control point for GOTO +telescopes such as Meade LX200 or other external applications;
    • +
  • displays FITS files images +overlaid with database symbols and other graphical information;
    • +
  • performs automatic star pattern matching to automatically solve for World Coordinate +System on any image;
    • +
  • performs 1-click 2D Gaussian relative and absolute photometry;
    • +
  • defines and saves any number of Eyepieces +to use in sky maps;
    • +
  • captures, displays and clips to any number of local horizon profiles;
    • +
  • stores sets of all Sky View options in history sets for easy playback later;
    • +
  • prints using high quality Postscript;
    • +
  • allows you to assign any number of objects as Favorites for special fast access +throughout the program, and makes them available even when their +original databases are no longer loaded;
    • +
  • provides an extensible image +gallery initialized with over 300 beautiful and informative +color images of deep sky objects;
    • +
  • provides an observing logbook +which is automatically filled in with observing circumstances, with +searching on most fields;
    • +
  • displays magnetic deviation +for any location.
    • +
  • create movie loops of any View, NAAG or Plot window.
    +
    • +
+XEphem can compute information on demand or time can be set to +increment automatically. In this way a series of computations and +movies can be generated.
+

1.1 Quantitative +information

+

Quantitative information available about each object includes:

+
    +
  • RA and Dec,
    • +
  • local azimuth and altitude,
    • +
  • distance from sun and earth,
    • +
  • light travel times,
    • +
  • heliocentric coordinates,
    • +
  • galactic coordinates,
    • +
  • ecliptic coordinates,
    • +
  • solar elongation,
    • +
  • angular size,
    • +
  • visual magnitude,
    • +
  • illumination percentage,
    • +
  • local rise and set times and azimuths,
    • +
  • local transit times and altitude,
    • +
  • length of time up,
    • +
  • constellation,
    • +
  • angular separations between all Favorites.
    +
    • +
+

1.2 Local circumstances

+

Local observing circumstance information includes

+
    +
  • UTC and local date and time,
    • +
  • local sidereal time,
    • +
  • times astronomical, nautical and civil twilight and length of +night,
    • +
  • local temperature and pressure (for refraction),
    • +
  • elevation above sea level (for parallax),
    • +
  • a monthly calendar.
    • +
+Equatorial coordinates may be computed in any four combinations of +topocentric or geocentric, and apparent or astrometric. When the +Equinox is set to a fixed date the values are astrometric, that is, +corrected only for precession and light travel time. When the Equinox +is set for EOD (Equinox of Date) the values are apparent and are also +corrected for nutation, aberration and relativistic deflection. +Topocentric values are further corrected for parallax, augmentation +and refraction.
+

1.3 Launching XEphem

+In addition to all the standard X Window System command line arguments, +XEphem also supports the following command line arguments:
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Argument
+ 		Meaning
+
-env name=value
+ 		set internal value for +environment variable; any number allowed
+
-help
+ 		print this then exit
+
-install {yes no guess}
+ 		whether to install a private +colormap, default is guess
+
-log
+ 		save exit trouble to private log
+
-nosplash
+ 		disable splash screen from now on
+
-nowin
+ 		do not restore windows
+
-prfb
+ 		print all internal default +resources then exit
+
-resfile f
+ 		load alternate X resource file
+
-splash
+ 		show splash screen from now on
+
+
+
+

1.3.1 Shared and Private Directories

+When XEphem is launched it looks for a file named .xephemrc in the user's $HOME directory. This file is +optional. If it exists, it should contain a line with the following +form:
+
+
XEphem.PrivateDir: +~/.xephem
+
+The directory named on the right is where XEphem will create and look +for Private files, so-called +because on a multiuser system they are expected to be separated on a +per-user basis. A leading "~" in the file name can be used to refer to $HOME, your login directory. +A leading "." in the file name can be used to refer to the current +working directory of the running program. The example above causes the +Private directory to be .xephem +in the users $HOME +directory. If .xephemrc +does not exist or does not contain this line the default Private +directory is ~/.xephem. +The private directory will be created if it does not already exist.
+
+XEphem then also searches for another directory for Shared +files. This directory contains files presumed to be shared +among all XEphem users on a system. Files in this directory are never +modified by XEphem. They include databases of objects, supporting +images and other files. This directory is specified in a resource file +named XEphem which may be +located in any of the standard X Window  System directories, in +/etc or within the Private directory (see above). It should contain a +line with the following form:
+
+
XEphem.ShareDir: +/usr/local/xephem
+
+Next, XEphem sets the initial values of most options and settings from +other entries in the resource file. Settings which do not appear will +use their internal default values. Internal defaults may be printed +using the -prfb command line option.
+

1.3.2 Main window control

+XEphem starts by showing the Main window with each parameter set to +its default value. The parameters on the Main window are primarily +devoted to describing the location and time for which all other data +in XEphem are computed.
+
+Most fields on the Main window may be changed by clicking them. A +prompt window with a brief explanation of the field will appear. A new +value may be typed into the text field provided. If Ok is clicked the new value will be +used; if Cancel is clicked the +field will be left unchanged. In either case, the prompt window goes +away. Some of the windows have an extra button which offers a handy +way to enter frequently used values for the field.
+
+If you change a field on the Main window that would invalidate any of +the other fields in any XEphem window the message NEW CIRCUMSTANCES +flashes near the top of the Main window. This will continue until the +next Update occurs. If you change any field that causes new +circumstances, the Step value is not added to the current time before +the next loop.
+
+You can change time manually like any other fields or you can set up +looping to advance time automatically with specified pauses between +each step. The prominent button at the bottom of the Main window +labeled Update causes all +other +windows throughout XEphem will be recomputed with the new time. +Looping effectively presses this button for you. See Looping.
+
+Some graphical views have a push button marked Movie Demo. This is a convenient way +to start and stop a sample movie sequence. If XEphem is currently idle +then pushing the button will set the Main window Step size to a value +that will yield a pleasing motion effect and start looping with a very +large number of steps. If XEphem is already looping then pushing the +button will cause it to stop and set Main window N Steps to 1. The +Main window Stop control can also stop the looping in the usual way. +

1.4 Time +and angle formats

+Time and RA are displayed as h:m:s. They may be entered the same way +or the color (:) may be entered as slash (/) semicolor (;) comma (,) +or space. Other angular quantities, such as declination, azimuth, +altitude, longitude and latitude, are entered and displayed as d:m:s +but +otherwise use the same rules.
+
+Components of a sexagesimal field may be entered as floating point +numbers. For example 10:20:30 may also be entered as either 10:20.5 or +10.34167.
+
+Negative values are indicated by one hyphen (-) before the first +character.
+
+Dates are entered and displayed in any one of the forms month/day/year, +year/month/day or day/month/year, depending on the Preferences selection on the Main +menubar. The slash (/) may also be entered as hyphen (-) semicolon (;) +or comma (,). Note you must always enter the full year.
+
+When the day portion of a date is an integer, the time does not change. +When the day portion of a date is entered as a floating point number, +the time will also change to correspond to the fractional portion of +the day. For example, using the preference m/d/y, entering a date of +1/1.5/1995 will set the date to 1/1/1995 and the time to 12:00:00. To +get this effect with a whole day, include the decimal point. For +example, 1/1.0/2002 will set the date to 1/1/2002 and the time to +0:00:00.
+
+You may also enter a date as a decimal year, as in 1990.12345.
+
+Negative years indicate BC dates. For example, Jan 1, 1 BC is given +as 1/1/-1. Before you ask, yes, "1-1--1" works for 1 BC. There is no +year 0. +

2.0 Main +Window

+XEphem's +main window is divided into five regions plus the menu bar across the +top for selecting the principle functions of XEphem. Each window +opened from the menu bar has its own Help.
+
+Beneath the XEphem logo image is a status line that contains a short +description of what XEphem is doing at the moment with regards to its +looping behavior.
+
+Below the status line is room for the NEW CIRCUMSTANCES message. When +you change any field on the Main window that could invalidate any of +the other fields or views throughout XEphem this message flashes until +at least one screen Update occurs to get everything up to date again.
+
+

2.1 Main's Help menu
+

+XEphem help is written in html version 4.01 transitional and requires a +browser +to read. The text is all in one file, xephem.html, located in +auxil/help within the Shared directory path. Anchors throughout the +file +allow XEphem to specify exactly where to jump for each Help entry.
+
+Help » Configure
+
+ +
This Help entry is used to set how +XEphem sends a URL to your +browser. It must be correct before any other Help can be used. It +displays a table showing sample +shell commands that accomplish this for several popular browsers +including mozilla, netscape, opera, konqueror and safari. Each time %s +appears in the definition the full path to the xephem.html will be +substituted. If you figure +out how to configure for another browser or you know of a better +definition please send us your results and we will post on our web site.
+
+Note the entry for using IE under cygwin. In order for this to work, +you must create an +environment variable before running XEphem named XEHELPURL set to the +full Windows path of the xephem.html file using Windows filespec +notation. The value of this variable is substituted for each %s +appearing in the definition for IE.
+
+
+Help » on Context
+
+
This Help entry turns the cursor into a +Question Mark. Roaming the cursor over any +control in XEphem will show its bubble help tip whether or not the tips +Preference is active. Press the +left +mouse button to end this behavior and resume normal operation.
+
+
+All remaining Help entries just bring up additional information as one +would expect. If you are new to XEphem, we suggest you begin by reading +the next three entries in order, Introduction, Operation and Triad +formats, then feel free to explore.
+
+

2.2 Menu bar

+

2.2.1 File

+
    +
  • System log... displays a +scrolled list of informational messages and alert. XEphem may beep +whenever a new message is added, depending on the Log Bell preference. See System +log.
    • +
+
    +
  • Gallery... displays a +list of installed color images and allows browsing or marking in Sky +View. See Gallery.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Network setup... displays a window offering choices for +how XEphem accesses the +Internet. See Internet.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • External file... drives XEphem from a file containing +times and latitude/longitude locations. +See External input.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Progress Meter... displays a simple bar graph of XEphem +progress. The accuracy and usefulness +of the display are somewhat problematic at this time.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Forward 1 Step causes Time to be changed by one Step +value. This action can also be performed when the cursor is over any +XEphem window by typing Control-f. Invoking this command also stops +looping if it is running.
    • +
+
    +
  • Backward 1 Step causes Time to be changed by the negative +of one Step value. This action can also be performed when the cursor +is over any XEphem window by typing Control-b. Invoking this command +also stops looping if it is running.
    • +
+
    +
  • Update performs the same action as the Update +button across the bottom of the Main window. This can also be performed +by typing Control-u in any XEphem window. See Looping.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Quit... exits XEphem. If any resources have been modified +and Preferences » +Confirmations is On, a reminder will first appear and allow +you to bring up the Save window if desired. This can also be +performed by typing Control-d in any XEphem window.
    • +
+

2.2.2 View

+  The View menu gives access to all of the several XEphem +specialized displays.
+
    +
  • Data Table... highly +configurable, show any from a selection of over 30 parameters for +each Favorite object. See Favorites and Data table.
    • +
+
    +
  • Sun... show SOHO images +of +the Sun, measure current RA and Dec of solar features. See  Sun.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Moon... show real lunar +image, mark hundreds of natural and artificial features, compute sun +and +observing circumstances. See Moon.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Earth... show spherical +or +cylindrical projection, satellite ground tracks. See Earth.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Jupiter... show planet +image with moons and shadows. See Jupiter.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Saturn... show planet +image with moons and shadows. See Saturn.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Uranus... show planet +symbol with moons. See Uranus.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Sky View... the showpiece +of XEphem, display maps, images, trails. See Sky +View.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Solar System... 3D and +perspective diagrams include asteroids, comet trajectories. See Solar System.
    +
    • +
+

2.2.3 Tools

+  The Tools menu gives access to windows allowing full control +of the following functions:
+
    +
  • Plot values... plot pairs +of any data values shown throughout XEphem. See Plotting.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • List values... print +columnar lists of any data values shown throughout XEphem. See Listing
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Solve equation... define +and solve any mathematical function using any data values shown +throughout  XEphem. See Solver.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Find close pairs... search all loaded database objects and +sort all pairs by increasing separation. See Close +pairs.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Night at a glance... display when all Favorite objects are +up over a 24 hour period. See Night at a +Glance.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Coordinates converter... +enter one of equatorial, horizon, ecliptic or galactic coordinates +and show the others. See Coordinate converter.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Observers log book... +click on a target in Sky View to fill in standard observing fields, +add your own notes and save, later browse or search for entries. See Observers logbook.
    +
    • +
+

2.2.4 Data

+  The Data menu gives access to windows which pertain to +managing the objects in memory.
+
    +
  • Files... adds and deletes +catalogs of objects to and from memory. The window also displays +overall +statistics of the number of each type of object in memory. See Data Files.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Index... searches and +displays all information about any given object in memory. Also can +be used to center the Sky View over any object. See Data +Index.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Favorites... adds, +enables, sorts and deletes the set of objects you wish to have easy +access to. See Favorites.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Internet... provides a +convenient means to update XEphem databases from the Net. The window +comes preconfigured to get timely asteroid, comet and Earth +satellite catalogs. See Internet.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Field stars... sets up +how and whether to read several very large databases of faint stars +which XEphem refers to as "field stars See Field +stars.
    +
    • +
+

2.2.5 Preferences

+The Preferences pulldown lists the available preferences that may be +changed at run time. Whenever any are changed, all effected fields are +immediately recalculated and redisplayed throughout XEphem. The simple +preferences include:
+
    +
  • Equatorial: Topocentric, +Geocentric. controls whether the RA and Dec values displayed +throughout XEphem are for the current local surface location +(topocentric) or from the center of the Earth. (Alt/Az values are, +of course, always topocentric.)
    • +
+
    +
  • Precision: Hi, Low +controls how much precision is shown for most angles. This is a change +in display format only and does not imply a change in accuracy.
    • +
+
    +
  • Log Bell: On, Off whether +to ring the bell each time a new message is added to the System log +window. The System log window is accessible via the File menu in the +Main menu bar. See System log.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Prompt Prefill: Yes, No +whether prompt strings from the Main window and Search windows are +filled with the current value or blanked out. This is also handy to +allow copy/paste of these values.
    • +
+
    +
  • Units: English, Metric +whether local topocentric circumstances are given in English or +Metric units of measure.
    • +
+
    +
  • Time zone: UTC, Local +whether the time stamp below each major view, the rise/transit/set +times in the Data Table window and the dawn/dusk times and the +calendar in the Main window refer to UTC or local time.
    • +
+
    +
  • Show help tips: Yes, No +whether additional help is available immediately for all selectable +buttons and controls using small brief windows near the control.
    • +
+
    +
  • Confirmations: Yes, No +whether operations which basically can not be undone or which might +have irreversible consequences will be preceded with a confirmation +window. Examples include exiting XEphem or overwriting an existing +file.
    • +
+
    +
  • Start week on: Saturday, Sunday, +Monday sets the day on which weeks begin in the Main calendar.
    • +
+
    +
  • Date formats: M/D/Y, Y/M/D, +D/M/Y whether dates are shown and entered in month/day/year, +year/month/day or day/month/year format.
    • +
+
    +
  • Fonts... displays a +window +to experiment with fonts while you watch. See fonts.
    • +
+
    +
  • Colors... displays a +window to experiment with colors while you watch. See colors.
    • +
+
    +
  • Save... displays a window +which shows how the current functional settings differ from their +defaults and allows them to be saved. See save.
    • +
+

2.3 Sections

+The Main window is divided into five basic sections.
+

2.3.1 Local

+ +
    +
  • [Site name] Above the +Latitude field is a button which can display the current site name. +Pressing this button will bring up a list of cities and +observatories. See Sites.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Latitude Local geographic +latitude, positive degrees north of equator. Changing this will +disable automatic computation of Daylight Savings Time.
    • +
+
    +
  • Longitude Local +longitude, +positive degrees west of Greenwich meridian. Changing this will +disable automatic computation of Daylight Savings Time. A sensible +Timezone is created based on one hour for each 15 degrees from 0.
    • +
+
    +
  • Elevation Local elevation +of the ground above sea level, in feet or meters. (see +implementation notes). Used in topocentric parallax correction.
    • +
+
    +
  • Temp Local surface air +temperature, in °F or C. Used in refraction correction.
    • +
+
    +
  • Atm Pres Local surface +air pressure, in inches of mercury or hPa. Used in refraction +correction.
    • +
+
    +
  • Equinox When set to a +year, this is the desired epoch to which the RA/Dec fields are +precessed, referred to as the astrometric place. When this is set to +EOD, all RA/Dec values are precessed to the current XEphem time, and +corrected for nutation, aberration and deflection, referred to as +the apparent place.
    • +
+
    +
  • Mag decl This is the +amount by which the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic +field varies from true north. Put another way,true az = magnetic +bearing - mag decl. The model is stored in the file wmm.cof in the +auxil directory of the shared directory. It is valid for 2000 +through the end of 2004. Check http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/potfld/DoDWMM.shtml +for updates.
    +
    • +
+

2.3.1.1 Site Selection

+ This +window allows you to search, load and add to a collection of predefined +sites.
+
+The scrolled list at the top lists the complete set of currently +defined sites. Clicking on one will copy it to the Set text field. Double clicking on +one will also install it to the Main window, as will clicking on Set +or typing Enter over the select text field.
+
+To search for a particular site, either scroll through the list or +type a  glob pattern in the Search text field. Clicking on +Search or typing Enter in the search text field will scroll the list to +the +next site that matches the search text.
+
+Creating new sites.
+
+Clicking Create expands the +dialog to add fields for creating new sites. Fill in the fields then +click Set main to test the +entry and Save to add it to +the +collection on disk.
+
+File format:
+
+XEphem stores sites in the file named xephem_sites. One may +reside in +either or both the Shared and Private +directories. The Sites window always checks both.
+
+Each line in the file consists of 5 fields, each separated by a +semicolon (;):
+
+ +
Name ; Latitude ; Longitude ; +Elevation ; Timezone
+
+
+where:
+
+
Name +is the City, State, Country or other designation, up to 40 +characters.
+
+
Latitude +is DD MM SS, followed by an N or S to indicate north or south of the +equator. Each portion is separated by a blank.
+
+
Longitude +is in DDD MM SS, followed by an E or W to indicate east or west of +the prime meridian in Greenwich, England. Each portion is separated +by a blank.
+
+
Elevation +is in meters. If you do not know your elevation, put "-1.0".
+
+
Timezone +indicates the offset from GMT and details of savings time formatted +as follows:
+
+
std +offset dst [offset],start[/time],end[/time]
+
+
There are no spaces in the +specification. All fields except the initial +std +string are optional. It specifies the name of the standard time zone +and must +be three or more alphabetic characters. +
+
+
The +offset +string indicates the value added to the local time to arrive at +Coordinated +Universal Time. The offset has the format +hh[:mm[:ss]]. +The minutes (mm) and seconds (ss) are optional. If preceded by a minus +(-) the timezone shall be east of the Prime Meridian; +otherwise, it shall be west (which may be indicated by an optional +preceding +plus (+)). +
+
+
The dst string and second offset specify the name and +difference between the daylight savings time zone and the standard +time zone. If the offset is omitted, it defaults to one hour ahead +of standard time.
+
+
The start field specifies when +daylight savings time goes into effect and the end field specifies when the +change is made back to standard  time. These fields have the +format Mm.w.d which +specifies day d (0 <= d <= 6) of week w (1 <= w <= 5) in +month m (1 <= m <= 12). Day 0 is Sunday. Week 1 is  the +first  week in which day d occurs and week 5 is the last week in +which day d occurs. If omitted, Savings time will begin the first +Sunday in April and end the last Sunday of October.
+
+
The time fields specify when, in +the local time currently in effect, the change to the other time +occurs. If omitted, the default is 2:00:00.
+
+Here are a few examples:
+
+Munich, Germany    +; 48 14 0 N ;  11 57  0 E ;  523 ; +MET-1METDST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0
+New York, New York ; 40 45 6 N +;  73 59 39 W ; 16.8 ; EST5EDT
+Sydney, Australia  ; 33 52 +0 S ; 151 12  0 E ;  7.6 ; EST-10EST,M10.5.0,M3.5.0
+
+Lines in the file which do not conform to this structure are ignored.
+

2.3.2 Time

+ +
    +
  • Julian Number of days +since noon 4713 BC to about 1-second accuracy. Used as a uniform +time scale.
    • +
+
    +
  • UTC Date The UTC date. +UTC is Universal Coordinated Time, the basis,after adjusting for +time zones, for the official "civil" time people set their clocks +to. Every year or so it is adjusted via a leap second so it stays +within 0.9 seconds of UT1, which varies continuously with the slight +irregularities of the rotational motion of the Earth.
    • +
+
    +
  • UTC Time The UTC time.
    • +
+
    +
  • Sidereal The apparent +sidereal time for the current time and location. Equals the apparent +RA at the local meridian.
    • +
+
    +
  • TZ Name The local time +zone name. The name may be fixed to any short mnemonic. Setting this +manually turns off automatic computation of Daylight Savings Time. +When auto DST is on, a small clock is shown at the top right of the +Time section.
    • +
+
    +
  • TZ Offset Hours local +time is behind UTC, i.e., positive west or negative east of +Greenwich. Setting this manually turns off automatic computation of +Daylight Savings Time.
    • +
+
    +
  • Local Date The local +date. This is UTC date minus the value of TZ Offset.
    • +
+
    +
  • Local Time The local +time. This is UTC time minus the value of TZ Offset.
    • +
+
    +
  • Delta T TT-UT1. Number +of seconds by which Terrestrial Time (aka Ephemeris Time prior to +1982) leads UT1. TT is generally of interest when calculating the +positions of solar system objects because it is a continuous time +scale unaffected by the Earth's rotational vagaries. The term +Terrestrial means it is adjusted for the relativistic effects of +gravity and the Earth's revolution around the Sun. UT1 or UTC is of +interest when relating those positions to the horizon to produce +altitudes and azimuths. The value may be computed automatically +based on the current time or entered manually (in which case it will +not change). The algorithm uses values tabulated in the Astronomical +Almanac for years 1620.0 through 1998.0, and is accurate to within a +few seconds over that interval. Dates prior are from Stephenson and +Morrison or K. M. Borkowski, with an estimated error of 15 minutes at +1500 B.C. A linear extrapolation formula predicts future values.
    +
    • +
+

2.3.3 Calendar

+The +calendar on the right of the Main window is based on local time or +UTC, depending upon the Time Zone preference. Clicking a date button +will set the date. Clicking dates before the first of the month and +after the last of the month will also change month or year as +necessary. The month and year buttons pop up menus that allow these to +be changed as well. At the bottom the Now +button sets the time and date to the computer clock. The arrow buttons +move backwards or forwards by one day or week. Except for Now, using +the +calendar does not change the current time, just the date.
+

New and Full Moons are marked on the day on which they occur in +the selected time zone.

+
+

2.3.4 Night

+ +
    +
  • Sun icon When the sun +is above the local horizon a small sun symbol is drawn in the upper +left corner of this section.
    • +
+
    +
  • Moon icon When the moon +is +above the local horizon a small symbol is drawn in the upper right +corner of this section depicting the approximate phase of the moon. +The brighter of the foreground and background colors is used to draw +the portion in sun light.
    • +
+
    +
  • Sun Dip The number of +degrees the Sun is below the horizon that we wish to call twilight. +Common definitions include:
    +
    +
      +
    • Civil = Sun 6 degrees down (can just tell whether headlights +are on),
      • +
    • Nautical = Sun is 12 degrees down (sky and ocean merge),
      • +
    • Astronomical = Sun is 18 degrees down (dark as it gets).
      • +
    +
    • +
+
The Sun Dip setting applies to the +following fields:
+
    +
  • Dawn Local or UTC time +when the Sun center is Sun dip degrees below the horizon before sunrise +today.
    • +
  • Dusk Local or UTC time +when the Sun center is Sun dip degrees below the horizon after sunset +today.
    • +
  • Length Length of +astronomical night, i.e., Dawn - Dusk. If this and the display for +Dawn and Dusk are shown as "-----", it means the Sun is either +always below or always above Sun dip degrees below the horizon on +this particular day.
    • +
+
+N.B. These three fields always apply to the local current day. +Difficulties arise when these events occur within 4 minutes of local +midnight with respect to the time zone defined by TZ Offset. In +particular, if these fields are not behaving as you would expect, +check that the TZ Offset is set commensurate with the current +Longitude.
+
    +
  • LST@0 Local Sidereal +Time at next local Midnight, as per the time zone.
    +
    • +
+

2.3.5 Looping

+ +
    +
  • -1 +1 These are shortcuts to go +backwards or forwards by one Step. Can also be performed by typing +Control-b and Control-f from any window.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • RT  Clicking this +button will synchronize XEphem to the computer clock and commence +Updating every Pause seconds. If Pause is 0 when this is started, it +will be set to 10 seconds. This can be the initial mode for XEphem by +saving the AutoRT Preference. +RT is really just a shortcut for:
    +
    +
      +
    1. clicking Now under the calendar
      2. +
    2. setting Step to Clock
      3. +
    3. setting N Steps to something large and then
      4. +
    4. clicking Update.
      5. +
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Step The interval by +which, or event to which, time is changed each loop. Fixed intervals +are +specified in hours, minutes, seconds, days and years or time may be set +to advance to an event such as the next sun rise, dawn or full moon.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • N Steps The number of +times the display will be updated (time advanced by Step each step) +automatically. When Update is clicked, this number counts down until it +reaches zero then is reset to one.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Pause Number of seconds +to +pause between screen Updates. This is used mainly to set up for +free-running unattended operation. Pausing is not done when plotting,listing or solving are active. When looping, time is +maintained at a whole multiple of pause length.
    • +
+When looping is in effect, the label on the bottom button changes to Stop. When the number of steps +goes to 0 or the Stop button is clicked the looping stops and the +button label changes back to Update.
+
+Note that when looping with Pause set to 0, most graphics and numeric +field data are not drawn in order to speed up the computations. These +values are always updated internally, however. and may safely be used +for plotting,listing and solving. This is true even if the window that +displays the information is closed.
+

3.0 File menu

+

3.1 System log

+ This window contains additional +information from XEphem. Whenever an entry is written the computer may +beep, depending on the setting of the Log +bell Preference. The +contents of all Alert windows are also written here. Scroll bars to the +right and below allow panning through the log.
+
+Erase
+
+
Permanently discards all log entries.
+
+Close
+
+
Closes the log window but has no +effect +on its contents or ability to capture further information.
+

3.2 Gallery

+This window is a portal to high quality +color images.
+
+The Gallery window is broken into three sections. Down the right side +is a scrolled list of the +available images. Images are displayed in the upper left, captions in +the lower left. All sections scroll +to accommodate large areas. A sash between the upper and lower +sections on the left allow you to control the proportion of vertical +space used by each.
+
+Controls across the bottom:
+
+Close
+
Close the Gallery window.
+
+Rescan
+
Reinitialize the list. This also occurs each time the +Gallery window is opened.
+
+Sky Point
+
If the current XEphem database contains an object whose +name matches the Gallery object currently being displayed, this button +will +be active and clicking this button will center the object in the Sky +View. +
+

3.2.1 File format

+The Gallery database index is stored in one or more files with the +suffix .gly. The index files and the image files to which they +refer reside in a directory named gallery which in turn must +reside within either the Shared or Private +directories. All index files found are combined and sorted by name into +the scrolled list.
+
+The index file is in XML format. The entire collection is within one +outer-most element named gallery. In turn it contains one +element named image for each +Gallery image file. +In turn it contains one or more elements named name, one +element named file and one element named description. +The file name is with respect to the directory in which the .gly file +resides. When XEphem reads the description contents, it replaces +isolated newlines with blanks so that word wrapping is left up to the +scrolled text window. Please refer to the following example.
+
+ 
<gallery>
    <image>
        <name>
            NGC 4414
        </name>
        <file>
            1999-25-a-web_print.jpg
        </file>
        <description>
In 1995, the majestic spiral galaxy NGC 4414 was imaged by the Hubble
Space Telescope as part of the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic
Distance Scale. An international team of astronomers, led by Dr. Wendy
Freedman of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington,
observed this galaxy on 13 different occasions over the course of
two months.

Image Credit: Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA)
        </description>
    </image>
</gallery>
+
+

3.3 Network +Setup

+This +window controls how XEphem tries to +connect to +the Internet. One of the following three choices must be turned on for +Internet access to be available.
+
    +
  • Direct connect This +choice +just means to use the direct DNS/IP TCP/IP sockets as necessary. Use +this one unless you are behind a firewall.
    • +
+
    +
  • via Proxy This choice +attempts to access the Internet via a Proxy. Type the port address +and the host name of the proxy in the fields provided.
    • +
+
    +
  • via SOCKS This choice +attempts to access the Internet via a version 4 SOCKS server. Type +the port address and the host name of the server in the fields +provided. These values can be initialized using the environment +variables SOCKS_PORT and SOCKS_NS.
    • +
+If your Proxy or SOCKS firewall require Authentication, turn on the Auth option and enter name and +password in the fields provided. Note that only the Name field may be +Saved.
+

3.4 External Input

+XEphem +can read a file (or fifo) +containing sets of +time, latitude and longitude values and automatically install these +values sequentially unattended. Enter the name of the file in the +window +and press OK. To pause between updates, set the desired delay in the +Pause field of the Main window. All features of XEphem, such as plotting and listing are +available while this feature is running.
+
+The format of each line of the file is as follows:
+
+
JD +Lat Long
+
+where
+
+
JD = Julian Date
+
Lat = Latitude, radians, +north
+Long = Longitude, radians, +west
+
+The fields are separated by one or more blanks or tabs. All lines not +having exactly three floating point values are ignored and may be used +for comments, etc.
+
+

4.0 View menu

+ +

4.1 Data Table

+
+
+This is a table of information about each of the current Favorites. Each data item occupies one +column in the table and each object occupies one row.
+
+The Control pulldown menu contains the following options:
+
    +
  • Setup... This button +brings up a configure window to specify the table rows and columns +as desired.
    • +
+
    +
  • List... This button +allows the current data table to be saved in a text file.
    • +
+
    +
  • X Select    +This button puts the current contents of the data table into the X11 +PRIMARY selection buffer. You can then typically paste it into a file +using the middle mouse button.
    +
    • +
+When any columns related to rising or setting are active a box at the +bottom will indicate whether the times refer to the center or the +upper limb of the object. Similarly, when either the RA or Dec columns +are active or any of the separation columns are active a box will be +present to indicate whether the separation is from a geocentric or +topocentric point of view. The box will also indicate the precession +epoch.
+
+Any of the information in this table may be plotted, +listed or used in a solver +algorithm.
+
+ +

4.1.1 Data setup

+This +window lets you configure which columns will be in the Data Table. +When this window first comes up it will be set to indicate the state +of the Data Table. You may then manipulate the toggle buttons as +desired. To actually change the Data Table to a new configuration +select the Apply button. Ok does the same thing but also +closes this window. Close just +closes this window without making any permanent changes.
+
+Entries are grouped into three sections for clarity. Column one +controls miscellaneous basic information. The descriptions of each +entry are as follows:
+
    +
  • Cns name of the +constellation in which the object appears.
    • +
+
    +
  • RA Right ascension: if +Main Equinox is set to EOD this is the apparent place, otherwise it +is the astrometric (mean) place. If Main Preference Equatorial is +Topocentric, it is further corrected for parallax.
    • +
+
    +
  • HA geocentric or +topocentric hour angle of object, computed as LST-RA precessed to +EOD. Positive angles are west of the meridian.
    • +
+
    +
  • GHA Greenwich Hour Angle, +hour angle of object when at 0° longitude.
    • +
+
    +
  • Dec Declination: if Main +Equinox is set to EOD this is the apparent place, otherwise it is +the astrometric (mean) place. If Main Preference Equatorial is +Topocentric, it is further corrected for parallax.
    • +
+
    +
  • Az topocentric degrees +eastward of true north for object.
    +
    +
    • +
  • Alt topocentric degrees up from a +horizontal plane that is Elevation feet above sea level. Corrected +for refraction.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Zenith topocentric Zenith +distance, degrees; corrected for refraction.
    +
    +
    • +
  • PA parallactic angle, i.e., the angle as seen from the +target between zenith and NCP, measured positive westward of meridian.
    +
    +
    • +
  • JD current UTC Julian date.
    +
    +
    • +
  • HJD current heliocentric Julian date, i.e., JD adjusted to +time frame of Sun.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Air Number of relative +air masses through which light from the object passes to the +topocentric observer. Computed by the method of Hardie, clamped to a +max at 3 degrees altitude.
    • +
+
    +
  • VMag visual magnitude +of object.
    • +
+
    +
  • PMRA Proper Motion in RA. Units are arcseconds/hour for a +Solar system object, degrees/minute for an Earth satellite and +milliarcseconds/year for all other types of objects.
    • +
+
    +
  • PMDec Proper Motoin in Declination. See PMRA for units.
    • +
+
    +
  • Size angular size of +object, in arc seconds. If not otherwise given, estimated for +objects in heliocentric orbits from the absolute magnitude parameter H +and by assuming an albedo of 0.10, for which H is 18 for an object +of 1.06 km diameter at 1.0 AU.
    • +
+
    +
  • Phase percent of visible +surface in sun light.
    • +
+
    +
  • Elong spherical angular +separation between the Sun and given object, calculated from the their +geocentric ecliptic coordinates. Note this is not just the +difference in ecliptic longitude, as is sometimes used. The sign is +positive for an evening object or negative for a morning object. +Thus, this field is not generally useful in searching for eclipses +because of the discontinuous sign change which occurs at +conjunction. For that, use the individual Separations fields.
    • +
+
    +
  • Spect Basic spectral +classification, if appropriate.
    • +
+
    +
  • HeLat true heliocentric +latitude, in degrees. For the Moon this is the geocentric latitude.
    • +
+
    +
  • HeLong true heliocentric +longitude, in degrees. Earth's is displayed on the Sun's line. For the +Moon this is the geocentric longitude.
    • +
+
    +
  • GLat galactic latitude, +in +degrees. Based on 32.93192° longitude of ascending node on +equator, 192.85948° RA J2000 of North Galactic Pole and +27.12825° Declination of pole.
    • +
+
    +
  • GLong galactic longitude, +in degrees. See GLat for definition.
    • +
+
    +
  • EcLat ecliptic latitude, +in degrees.
    • +
+
    +
  • EcLong ecliptic +longitude, +in degrees.
    • +
+
    +
  • EaDst true distance from +Earth center to object center, in AU, except distance to the Moon is +in miles or km depending on the Units preference.
    • +
+
    +
  • EaLght time for light +to travel from Earth to object. Format is hh:mm for all solar system +objects, except the Moon is in decimal seconds.
    • +
+
    +
  • SnDst true distance from +Sun center to object center, in AU.
    • +
+
    +
  • SnLght time for light +to travel from Sun to object. Format is hh:mm.
    • +
+
    +
  • Uranom Volume and Page +number of object's location in the original Uranometria, published +by Willmann-Bell, Inc.
    • +
+
    +
  • Uran2k Volume and Page +number of object's location in the new Uranometria 2000 edition.
    • +
+
    +
  • MillSA Volume and Page +number of object's location in the Millenium Star Atlas, published +by Sky Publishing Corp.
    • +
+Section two controls information related to rising, transitting, and +setting. These are computed based on a refraction model that uses the +actual atmospheric and topocentric circumstances displayed on the Main +window. A text entry field is available in which you may specify a +number of decimal degrees the local horizon is above horizontal to +account for local effects.
+
+The Limb option means that +the rise and set circumstances are based on the location of the upper +limb of the object. Center +means +that the circumstances are based on the location of the center of the +object.
+
+Follows is a description of the Data Table columns controlled by the +second Data Selection section:
+
    +
  • RisTm and RisAz The local or UTC time and +azimuth when the upper limb (or center) of the object rises Today. +See note below for Earth satellites.
    • +
+
    +
  • TrnTm, +TrnAlt and +TrnAz +For all but Earth +satellites, this is the local or UTC time, altitude and azimuth when +the object crosses the meridian Today or, if no precession, when the +local sidereal time equals the object's right ascension. +If the object is an Earth satellite, this is the next time, highest +altitude and corresponding azimuth the satellite ever reaches above the local +horizon.
    • +
+
    +
  • SetTm and SetAz The local or UTC time and +azimuth when the upper limb (or center) of the object sets Today. +See note below for Earth satellites.
    • +
+
    +
  • HrsUp The number of hours +the object is up Today, that is, the difference between the set and +rise times. See note below for Earth satellites.
    +
    • +
+Note for time zones:
+
+
Rise and set circumstances are all +computed in local time. If the Zone Display preference (from the +Main menubar) is set to UTC then the times are converted to UTC. +Thus, when reference is made to Today it means the current local +date, not UTC date.
+
+Note for Earth satellites:
+
+
Due to their generally rapid motions +Earth satellites often have many rising and setting events per day. +For this reason, the rise and set time for satellites are not +restrained to be during the current local day. Rather, for +satellites, XEphem displays the very next rising and setting events +that occur strictly later than the current time on the Main window, +provided they occur within 24 hours. This means that if the rise or +set time displayed is earlier than the current local time on the +Main window, it actually refers to the next day. This doesn't happen +for the other objects because their times are restricted to events +that happen just today. Similarly, we can only compute the HrsUp +column if the set time is strictly later than the rise time.
+
+The upshot of all this is that the best way to really understand +the visibility of a satellite in your area is by graphing its +altitude over the desired time interval, or displaying all its +passes in the Night-at-a-Glance tool.
+
+Various odd ball rising, transit and setting conditions are accounted +for and marked when they occur as in the following table. Note that in +the case of Earth satellites, "Today" really means within the next 24 +hours.
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NoRiseup some time but never rises, as such, Today.
NoSetup some time but never sets, as such, Today.
NoTranup some time but doesn't transit, as such, Today.
CirPolobject is circumpolar (never goes below horizon) Today.
NvrUpobject is never above the horizon Today.
+
+The third section in the Data Table setup window lists the current +set of Favorites. Any one may be selected +for which the angular separation between it and the object on that row +will be shown, in degrees.
+
+The vantage point for the Separation values depends on the Equatorial preference in the Main window. +Geocentric ignores local conditions and gives the separation as seen +from Earth center. Topocentric uses the local conditions known to +XEphem. The choice is particularly critical for lunar occultations and +Earth satellites, of course, but the effect can be significant for the +planets as well. Geocentric separations between objects and the Sun +will match the magnitude of the elongation given in the Data Table +window.
+
+Note:
+
+
Solving over a period that will +include +the rise or set times of either object is generally better performed +from the geocentric viewpoint. The refraction effect of the +topocentric viewpoint causes many arc minutes of rapid whiplash +displacement as the objects rise and set that overlays the smooth +celestial motion of the objects. This rapid position variation can +confuse the solver algorithms that expect fairly smooth functions.
+
+ +

4.2 Sun

+This +window provides a convenient tool to download, display and manage +images +from SOHO, the Solar +& Heliospheric Observatory. Use of this +extraordinary data is courtesy of the SOHO consortium. SOHO is a +project +of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.
+
+The SOHO data is pulled from the web site +http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov. The host name is defined in the XEphem +resource XEphem.SOHOhost. This may be changed if necessary by placing a +new value in the XEphem resource file.
+ +

4.2.1 Sun mouse

+Moving the mouse over a loaded SOHO image will display the approximate +RA and Dec under the cursor. To do this XEphem makes an assumption +about +the scale and orientation of the image and defines the center of the +image as the position of the sun computed at the current XEphem time. +However, we have found SOHO images are not always oriented the same way +and we are not aware of a means to know the orientation +programmatically +so beware. The Carrington Rotation Number is shown in the lower right, +also as of the current XEphem time. If XEphem time differs from when +the +SOHO image was acquired the coordinates will still be correct but of +course the solar features shown in the image will not be correct.
+
+Note that the coordinates do not take account of the different +perspective from the SOHO spacecraft. SOHO does not wander far from the +Sun-Earth line so images of the sun itself do not suffer much but this +effect is quite pronounced for Large Angle and Spectrometric +Coronagraph +images where the coordinates of background objects may be off by a +degree or more. Again, beware and check all coordinates independently +for important work.
+

4.2.2 Sun Control menu
+

+Download latest
+ +

+Clicking this  entry will use your Internet +connection to download the latest image from SOHO. The type and size of +the downloaded image are determined by the current selections in the +Type and Size menus.
+
+
+Save downloaded image
+ +

+This button is active only if the currently displayed image was +downloaded from the net and has not yet been saved. Clicking this +button will save the +downloaded SOHO image currently being displayed to the +Private XEphem directory in .gif +format. +The name of the file always begins with SOHO and includes the size, +date, time +and code name of the data product. For example, the following file name:
+

+SOHO_512_20030802_0100_eit_171.gif
+
+
+
+
indicates the file is 512x512, was +acquired 2003 Aug 02 at 01:00 UTC and is from the 171Å channel of +the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope.
+
+
+Filter Files by Type
+Filter Files by Size
+
+ +
These options control whether the files +presented by the Files menu will be filtered by the current setting of +the Type menu or the Size menu, respectively. If a filter is not +selected then all files found will be listed.
+
+
+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current SOHO view or saving it to a file. See Printing.
+
+User annotation...
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the SOHO image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Sun view to a movie loop.
+
+

4.2.3 Sun Files menu
+

+This menu lists each of the SOHO image files currently found +in either the Private or Shared directories. Depending on the Filter +settings in the Control menu it will list all +images or just those that match the current setting of the Type or Size +menus. +Selecting a file from the list will display it in this window.
+

4.2.4 Sun Type menu
+

+This menu lists each of the +eight data products provided by SOHO, one of which may be selected at a +time. The type selected here will be used when Downloading a file from +the Control menu, and may also limit the scope of files listed by the +Files menu if the Filter option is On in the Control menu. Follows is a +brief summary of the data product referenced by each menu entry.
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Menu Entry
+		InstrumentNotes
EIT 171 Extreme ultraviolet Imaging +TelescopeFe IX/X 171 Å, rendered +blue
EIT 195
+		Fe XII 195 Å, rendered +green
EIT 284
+		Fe XV 284 Å, rendered +yellow
EIT 304
+		He II 304 Å, rendered +orange
HMI ContinuumHelioseismic and Magnetic ImagerVisible Sun spots
+
HMI Magnetogram
+		Magnetic Sun spots
+
LASCO C2Large Angle and Spectrometric +CoronagraphCorona to 6 solar radii
+
LASCO C3
+		Corona to 3 solar radii
+
+
+

4.2.5 Sun Size menu

+This menu lists each of the three file sizes of images provided by +SOHO, one of which may be selected at a time. The size selected here +will be used when Downloading a file from the Control menu. +

+
+ + +

4.3 Moon

+This +is +an image of the Moon, shaded to indicate phase. It may be flipped and +scaled as desired and many Lunar features may be labeled, including +most spacecraft landing sites. During a Lunar eclipse, the edges of +the umbra and penumbra regions are drawn as solid and dashed lines, +respectively.
+
+The coordinate system on the Moon is such that latitude increases +towards the north and longitude increases towards the east. When facing +the Moon with the unaided eye, lunar east is towards the right. The +lunar image in XEphem is oriented with the polar axis vertical on the +screen. Letters are placed at each edge of the image to show lunar +coordinate directions.
+
+The scrolling list on the right lists all features in the data base. +Clicking on a name will toggle its label on the map. The labels are +positioned so the center of the feature is at the lower left corner of +the label string. If the label is being turned on then the Labels View +option is also turned on if it is off. +Double-clicking will display the set of Lunar Orbiter images that +include the feature.
+
+The Moon nods and rocks slightly as it moves through the sky. This +motion is called libration. A dot is placed on the circumference of +the image to indicate the limb position that is currently tilted most +towards Earth due to libration. The angular position of the dot is +placed accurately but the image rendering is not adjusted for +libration effects. Thus, the surface features over which the dot and +the terminator appear in the image are only approximate.
+ +

4.3.1 Moon mouse

+Left button
+
+
Activating the left mouse button while +over the lunar image will display a small magnified 2x view of the +lunar surface under the cursor. The magnified image will track the +cursor as it is moved around the image. The latitude, longitude and +solar altitude of the location are displayed in the More info... window.
+
+Right button
+
+
Activating the right mouse button while +over the lunar image will display a popup menu. It lists the name of +the +feature nearest to the cursor, the type, lunar coordinates and the +altitude of the sun as seen from that feature at the current XEphem +time. A toggle button Label +turns on or off a label on the map. A +pushbutton Set info table +loads the feature into the More info window and +will display window if it is not already up. If the Lunar Orbiter +database has been loaded, then a pushbutton Lunar Orbiter image displays the +image in which this feature lies, and also turns on the feature's label +on the main map for handy reference.
+
+
+
Activating the right mouse button +while +not over the lunar image but near a sky background object will pop +up a menu containing the name and magnitude of the object. There +will also be a button Add to favorites +to assign the object to your Favorites.
+
+The two features may be activated together if desired by first pressing +the left button then the right button. This is helpful when trying to +locate a particular feature in the magnified view. Try to always +release the right button to dismiss the popup before releasing the +left button. If you release the left button first, the magnifying +glass will remain on the image. If you run into this, you can activate +the glass again and mop up the remains of the old glass. +

4.3.2 Moon Control menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Moon view or saving it to a file. See Printing.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Moon view to a movie loop.
+
+Field Stars...
+
+
This selection activates the Field +Star +setup window. See Field stars.
+
+Set Earthshine...
+
+
This brings up a window containing a +scale which allows you to set how bright the Earthshine is in the +Moon image. The value ranges from 0, black, to 10, full sun light. +Full sun light is useful when you would like to peruse the Lunar +surface but would rather not change the XEphem date to a full Moon.
+
+This value depends on the gamma of your display. A fine discussion +of display gamma and a test image with which you can determine the +gamma value of your own display may be found at the URL: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/rwb/www/gamma.html.
+
+Movie Demo
+
+
This button sets up an automatic +display +movie +of the Moon. This is done by setting the N Steps entry in the Main +window to a large value; setting the Step to two hours if Sky +background is Off or to one minute if it is On; and starting XEphem looping. The movie can be stopped by +selecting this option again or by selecting Stop from the Main window.
+
+Forget labels
+
+
This button forgets the labels that +have been added either via the popup or the list to the right. Note +this is different than turning off labels in the View menu, which only +temporarily turns of the labels but does not forget.
+
+
+Close
+
+
This closes the main Moon display and, +if open, the More info window. The image is never updated while it +is closed. however if any of the fields in the More Info window are +being used for plotting,listing +or solving, they continue to be updated even +when +the window is closed.
+

4.3.3 Moon View menu

+Spacecraft
+
+
If set and the Scale is at 6, then all +spacecraft landing sites are marked and labeled on the image. If the +Scale is less than 6, then only the Apollo sites are marked.
+
+Labels
+
+
This sets whether additional +(non-spacecraft) Lunar features may be labeled on the image. Exactly +which ones are labeled is controlled from the scrolled list down the +right or with the popup menu activated by the right mouse button. Note +that turning labels off with this button does not forget which features +are labeled, it only turns them off. To actually forget the labels, use +the Undo labels button in the Control menu.
+
+
+Sky background
+
+
This sets whether to show objects +within the current field of view that are in the XEphem database +memory or available from the Field Star facility. The size and +symbol used for the object matches that of the Sky view when set for +a minimum magnitude of 12. While this option is on, XEphem will +automatically retrieve field stars if the moon position changes on +the sky
+
+{Pen}Umbra
+
+
This sets whether to show circles at +the edges of the umbra and penumbra during a Lunar eclipse. +Also, the current subearth location is marked with an X; the +subsolar point is marked with a small open circle; and the +anti-subsolar point is marked with a small filled circle.
+
+Flip T/B
+Flip L/R
+
+
These set whether the image is flipped +vertically or horizontally, respectively.
+
+Grid
+
+
This sets whether a coordinate grid is +drawn over the image. Each line is spaced at an interval of 15 +degrees.
+

4.3.3.1 More info...

+
This brings up a separate window with +additional information. The top portion of the window reports the +location of the cursor as it is moved over the image, if the left +button is pressed. It also shows the altitude of the Sun and the +times when the Sun will next rise and set at that location. The times +are in accord with the Time zone Preferences +in the Main window.
+
+The lower portion of the window shows the lunar longitude of sunrise, +the lunar latitude of the subsolar point, and libration information. +The longitude of the subsolar point is at +90 from the sunrise +longitude, and the longitude of the anti-subsolar point is at -90. +The libration in longitude is positive towards lunar east; latitude +is positive towards lunar north. The Limb angle is zero at lunar +north and increases towards lunar west. The Tilt is the number of +degrees the Moon is tilted towards Earth around an axis defined by +the librations in latitude and longitude. The limb location that is +tilted most towards Earth is indicated on the image by a small dot.
+
+Any of the values in the lower portion may be plotted, +listed or used in a solver +algorithm. The values are always current when used in this way, even +if the main Moon view is closed. For faster looping, close the main +Moon display to prevent it from being redrawn each time.
+
+
+

4.3.4 Scale menu

+This pulldown menu presents a list of factors by which the lunar +image may be scaled. The image is presented in a scrolled window for +panning if it is larger than the overall window.
+

4.3.5 Lunar +Orbiter IV

+XEphem optionally supports displaying images +taken by Lunar +Orbiter IV in 1967. These images and the features database are used by +permission of +the Lunar and Planetary Institute.
+
+Lunar Orbiter images are located in the lo directory within the Shared +directory. When these images are installed they are accessible from the +Moon view in two ways. One is to double-click an entry in the features +list down the right of the Moon view window. The other is to use the +Lunar Orbiter images button in the popup over the image in the main +Moon window.  These functions are automatically disabled if XEphem +can not fund the images on startup.
+ 
+The LO images are displayed in their own window. The images are large +so panning controls are available on the bottom and right edges. The +annotation +overlay may be toggled on and off with the given toggle button. A +scrolled list in the lower right corner allows choosing one from among +all the LO images which contain the current feature.
+
+The LO images are not perfectly aligned NSEW, some are canted as much +as 30 degrees from vertical. The images are shown exactly as they were +taken. No attempt is made to register the images with the main +XEphem moon view, nor to perform flipping or scaling. The ability to +click to see the next adjacent image would have been nice but certain +technical difficulties made the results unsatisfactory and was left +out.
+
+The image scale is approximately 300m/pixel.
+
+
+
+ +

4.4 Earth

+ This +view displays a view of the Earth with either schematic continent +outlines or a real color image. The night side may be dark or include +nightside lights. The projection may be spherical or +cylindrical "Mission Control" style. The controls available from the +menu bar across the top control the view, the display of additional +information and +the ability to overlay the ground positions of all Favorite objects. +The scales along the bottom and right edges display, and may be used +to control, the center longitude and latitude location. The button in +the lower right corner sets the latitude to exactly zero. The scale +along the left edge sets the zoom.
+
+Any or all of the current Favorites may be +displayed on the map. Objects with defined date ranges are only shown +when they are valid. The location defined in the Main window is marked +on the map +with a plus (+).
+
+If a solar eclipse is occurring on the Earth a small X will mark the +location of central totality. Try July 11, 1991 around 18:00 UT or May +10, 1994 around 16:00 UT.
+
+All computations for Earth satellites are based on the NORAD SGP4/SDP4 +code. This code produces the exact same output as their test +collection. +This means, however, that it is not integrated particularly tightly +with +the rest of XEphem. For example, its computations use a different model +for Earth flattening and for refraction. These and other differences +can +lead to modest inconsistencies. +

4.4.1 Earth mouse

+As long as the cursor is over the Earth, the four corners of the View +will display the following information about the position beneath the +cursor:
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Upper left
+ 		Latitude and longitude
+
Upper right
+ 		Great circle bearing and distance
+
Lower left
+ 		Local Mean Time
+
Lower right
+ 		Local Sidereal Time
+
+ +
+Left button
+
+
+While the left button is depressed and located over the +Earth map, the great circle from the Main site location through the +cursor location will be drawn.
+
+ +
+Middle button
+
+
If View » Live dragging +is On then while the middle button is depressed and located over the +Earth map, the cursor is changed to a fleur pattern. Moving the +mouse left and right is like sliding the scale at the bottom; moving +it up and down is like sliding the scale at the right. This provides +a simple method to pan the display.
+
+ +Right button
+
+
If the right mouse button is clicked +while over the Earth, a popup menu appears with information related +to the location under the cursor.
+
+
If the location is near a Site, +information is presented with respect to the exact location of that +site.
+
+
If the location is not near a Site, +the +information is with respect to the latitude and longitude of the +location under the cursor.
+
+
If the location is near the current or +a trailed location of one of the displayed objects either on the +surface or in orbit, the information +is with respect to the location of that object at the time of the +trail mark.
+
+
There will also be a button labeled +Point that will center the orientation on the cursor location.
+

4.4.2 Earth Control menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Earth view or saving it as a Postscript file. See Printing.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Earth view to a movie loop.
+
+Objects...
+
+
This brings up a table for controlling +how each current Favorite object is displayed.
+
+Set Main
+
+ +
This sets the Latitude and Longitude +of +the Main window to that of the current position of the Earth view. +This also causes all other information and views to be updated to +reflect the new location.
+
+Set From Main
+
+
This sets the Earth view position to +that of the Main window
+
+Movie Demo
+
+
This sets up an automatic display +movie +of the Earth. This is done by setting the N Steps entry in the Main +window to a large value; setting the Step to 5 minutes; and starting +XEphem looping. The movie can be stopped +by +selecting this option again or by selecting Stop from the Main +window.
+
+Close
+
+
This causes both the Earth view and +the +extra statistics window to be closed.
+

4.4.3 Earth View menu

+Cylindrical graphic
+Cylindrical image
+
+
Displays the entire Earth surface +projected onto a cylinder. Primary advantage is the entire surface +is visible at once. Particularly good for plotting satellite ground +tracks. Major disadvantage is distortion near the poles. The +preferred width-to-height ratio for the cylindrical projection is +3.14:1. This ratio is enforced each time this projection is selected by +changing the width and maintaining the current window height, subject +to +remaining fully on screen.
+
+Spherical graphic
+Spherical image
+
+ +
Displays the Earth as it would really +appear from space. The primary advantage is the sense of reality and +lack of distortion. Either projection may be shown using a simple +graphical technique which draws only the outlines of the major land +features, or using a full color image, courtesy NASA's project Blue +Marble. The former is fast, the latter looks much better. The spherical +projection resizes to become a square by setting the width equal to the +height.
+
+Weather map
+
+
Displays a global montage of satellite +cloud imagery, ice, sea and land temperatures, courtesy Space +Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin. The +image is a gif file retrieved from http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/comp/latest_cmoll.gif. +It is updated once every six hours. All other graphical features of +the Earth view remain available as overlays to this image. Primary +advantage is ease in determining whether weather will effect +visibility of a satellite pass. If you have trouble accessing the +image directly from XEphem, the program will also use the file +/tmp/latest_cmoll.gif if it exists. The weather map forces itself to +become 640x480 pixels.
+
+After any projection is selected, the window size may be directly +manipulated manually from then on as desired.
+
+Reload map
+
+
This button is only present when the +Weather map projection is turned on. Pressing it will cause a fresh +weather map to be retrieved.
+
+Grid
+
+
This toggles showing grids lines every +15 degrees in latitude and longitude.
+
+Sites
+
+
This toggles whether a tiny square +will +be drawn at each location found in the currently loaded Sites file
+
+Sunlight
+
+
This toggles whether the portion of +the +Earth's surface currently in sun light is highlighted in some +fashion. When using the Weather map or either Image projection, the +map is darkened where the Sun is currently down, and only continent +outlines are shown.
+
+Main marker
+
+
This toggles whether a small marker is +drawn at the location currently showing in the XEphem Main window.
+
+
+Nightside lights
+
This toggles whether the dark side of the view will include +lights visible from space. This option is only available using either +of the Image methods (not Graphics). Image is courtesy NASA.
+
+Live dragging:
+
+
This toggles whether the display +graphics are updated immediately as the sliders are moved, or +whether graphics are only drawn after the sliders are released. +Also, if this option is on, moving the mouse while holding down the +middle button will cause the display to rotate about the pole when +moved left-and-right or about a horizontal line centered on the window +when moved up-and-down. If your system is sufficiently fast, the +effect in quite dramatic.
+
+
+Inertial frame:
+
+
When On, the display point of view +remains fixed in space; when Off, it remains over a fixed location on +the earth's surface.
+
+
+
+

4.4.3.1 Objects dialog

+

+
+
This dialog shows one row for each +active Favorite. The columns are as follows:
+
+Object
+
This is the name of the Object.
+
+Show
+
Determines whether the object is shown +on the Earth map at all. If On, the object subearth location is +shown as a cross × surrounded by the loci of points at +which the object is 60, 30 and 0 (on the horizon) degrees +altitude. Clicking on the title toggles the individual buttons for all +objects.
+
+Label
+
Determines whether the name of the +object is drawn somewhat above its cross. Clicking on the title toggles +the individual buttons for all objects. +
+Foot Print
+
The footprint is a set of three +contours +indicating the locations from which the object appears at 0, 30 and 60 +degrees above the horizon. This toggle chooses whether to show these +contours or just the sub-earth postion. Clicking on the title toggles +the individual buttons for all objects. +
+Orbit
+
Determines whether to draw the orbit +of an earth satellite. The orbit is drawn starting from the current +location of the satellite as seen from space, irrespective of +subsequent earth rotation. Clicking on the title toggles the individual +buttons for all objects. +
+Trail
+
Brings up a window to define the time +duration and labeling of the ground track of the object. See Trails After a trail has been created, this toggle +then allows it to be turned off and on without deleting it. The +trail really is deleted if it is Off and an Update occurs. After +being deleted, this toggle again brings up the window to define +a trail. Note that the trail may be redefined as many times as +desired directly from the Trail window, it does not need to be +deleted each time.
+Track
+
At most one button in this column may +be On. The object for which Tracking is on will remain centered +in the view each time Update occurs.
+Popup ref
+
At most one button in this column may +be On. When right-clicking on the map with one of these buttons +on, the bearing and altitude from that location to this object +are displayed.
+
+The remaining columns are informational only but be used for plotted, listed or used +in a solver algorithm. Sub lat and long are +displayed for all types of object, the others are displayed for +Earth satellites only.
+
+Sub lat
+Sub long
+
These columns display the latitude and +longitude at which the given object appears exactly overhead.
+Alt
+
This is the distance from the mean +geode to the satellite.
+Range
+
This is the line of site distance from +the current Main location to the satellite.
+Range'
+
This is the rate of change of Range. +It +is useful for computing the doppler shift of a signal arriving +from the satellite.
+Sun lit
+
This column is a 1 or 0 depending on +whether the satellite is in sun light. Note this is not whether the subearth point is +in +sun light.
+Age Days
+
This is the age, in days, of the +elements used +to +compute the satellite orbit. Drag is included but elements older +than a few days will already show errors. Use the handy Web Update button at the bottom to download the +latest elements.
+
+
+ +

4.5 Mars

+This +window displays an image of Mars as it currently appears from Earth +center. The orientation is +always parallel to the Martian rotation axis. The NSEW markings are +directions on the celestial sphere. +

4.5.1 Mars mouse

+Left Button
+
+
If the View » More Info +window is open, then moving the mouse around over the image while +holding the left button will display the Martian latitude and +longitude under the cursor location. A magnifying glass also appears +attached to the cursor.
+
+Right Button
+
+ +
Pressing the right button while over +the planet will present a popup menu. Sliding down and releasing on +the Point button in the popup will reposition the view so the +current location is centered. Repointing will also disable the shadow +and +the subearth marker until the next Update from the Main window. If +over a feature, the popup will also contain its name, type, diameter +(or largest dimension) and location. If not over a feature, just the +cursor +location is shown.
+
+

4.5.2 Mars Control menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Mars view or saving it as a Postscript file. See Printing.
+
+User annotation
+
+ +
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Mars view to a movie loop.
+
+Close
+
+
This selection will remove the Mars +view from the screen. If it is open it will also remove the More +Info window.
+
+ +

4.5.3 Mars View menu

+Half size
+ +
This sets whether the map is drawn at full available +resolution or at one half resolution.
+
+Flip +T/B
+Flip L/R
+
+
This sets whether the image is flipped +vertically or horizontally, respectively.
+
+Grid
+
+
This sets whether a coordinate grid is +drawn over the image. Each line is spaced at an interval of 15 +degrees. Also, unless the image has been rotated, an X marks the +center of the image, that is, the subearth location.
+
+
+

4.5.3.1 Features...

+ + +
This window displays categories of +surface features and a scrolled list of individual features sorted by +name. The features that are selected in the scrolled list are the ones +drawn on the map. Craters and single Mountains are drawn with a circle +to scale, landing sites with a small circle and other categories are +just labeled by name.
+
+Click an entry in the scrolled list to turn it on or off individually. +Or select features by category by clicking the toggle buttons down the +left and possibly Toggle, All and None as +convenient, then clicking Apply. Ok does the same but +also closes this window.
+
+As a special case if everything in the scrolled list is unselected and +one feature is selected, the map will be rotated to place the selected +feature in the center. This is handy for locating a feature by name. +Note that all features may be deselected easily by clicking None +then Apply.
+
+
+
+

4.5.3.2 More info...

+
The top +portion of this window reports +the location +of the cursor as it is moved over the image, if the left button is +pressed.
+
+Sub Earth Lat shows the Martian latitude which currently faces +the Earth. The value is computed +each time an Update is performed from the Main Menu. The scale below +allows you to set another value if desired as described below.
+
+Central M Long shows the central meridian longitude, or simply +Martian longitude, which currently faces the Earth. The value is +computed +each time an Update is performed from the Main Menu. The scale below +allows you to set another value if desired as described below.
+ 
+Seeing sets the size of your local atmospheric seeing disk in +arc seconds. The image will +be blurred to simulate the resolution under this condition.
+
+For browsing purposes, the scale values may be changed as desired. +Adjust +any or all scales, then press Apply to put the changes into +effect. +Forcing changes in this way will also temporarily disable the +shadow. At the time of the next Update, the correct current values +and the shadow will be reinstated. The Apply button is made +insensitive if the scale values are correct for the current time; +the button becomes sensitive only when the scales have been moved +manually.
+
+The values in the lower portion may be plotted, listed or used in a solver +algorithm. The values are always current when used in this way, even +if the main Mars view is closed. For faster looping, close the main +Mars display to prevent it from being redrawn each time.
+
+ +

4.5.3.3 Moon view...

+
+This is a schematic view of Mars and its moons at the indicated date +and +time. In addition, background sky objects may also be displayed.
+
+The scale at the left controls relative magnification.
+
+The scale at the right controls the dimmest magnitude which will be +displayed. The values range from 20 at the top and 0 at the bottom. +Objects dimmer than the value specified are not shown, except that +Mars is always shown.
+
+Nominal celestial directions are indicated at the top and right edges.
+
+Moons are displayed only if they are geometrically visible. Use the +top view to see whether they are also in sun light.
+
Mars Moons mouse
+
The mouse may be used to identify any +object in the Mars view. Position the cursor near the object of +interest and select the right mouse button. A popup menu will appear +with the objects name, current location and magnitude.
+
+ +
Mars Moons Control +menu
+Print...
+
+
This selection allows you to print the +current view. See Print.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection lets you place text and +lines on the current view. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Martian moon view to a movie +loop.
+
+Field Stars...
+
+
This selection activates the Field +Star +setup window. See Field stars.
+
+Telescope GoTo
+
+
This option, when available, causes +the location of +Mars +to be sent to a telescope control process. This mechanism is +the same as that provided by the Telescope facility within the Sky +view. See Telescope
+
+Movie Demo
+
+
This option will set up the Main +window +time step controls for a 15 minute step size and start a loop which dramatically displays the motions +of the moons as they orbit Mars. This selection automatically disables +the View » Sky Background +selection to insure reasonable speed. Push the button again to stop +the movie.
+
+Close
+
+
This removes the Mars moon display, +and +the additional information window if present, from the screen.
+
Mars Moons View menu
+Top view
+
+
Selects whether to also display +another +window, looking down on the Mars system from above the N celestial +pole. This window will tend to remain aligned above the main view +when either is resized. Moons are displayed only if they are in sun +light.
+
+Sky background
+
+
Selects whether to also show objects +within the current field of view that are in the XEphem database +memory or available from the Field stars +facility. The size of the object is determined by the limiting +magnitude as specified by the scale at the right. Objects are drawn +using the same symbols as used by the Sky view. While this option is +on, +XEphem will continue to retrieve field stars as required.
+
+Bright moons
+
+
If this option is in effect, then the +diameter of all moons will be increased by 3 pixels. This option +also insures that even those moons which are dimmer than the +limiting magnitude, as specified by the scale to the right, will be +drawn with a circle of diameter 3 pixels.
+
+Tags
+
+ +
Whether to show the Roman numeral +designation beneath each moon and a 1 arc-minute scale calibration +line.
+
+Flip T/B
+Flip L/R
+
+
These allow the scene to be flipped +vertically and horizontally, respectively.
+
+More info...
+
+
This +button brings up a separate +window which +contains quantitative information about Mars's moons. All values may +be used in plotting,listing +and solving.
+
+The E and S columns are 1 if the moon is geometrically visible from the +Earth and +Sun, respectively. The P column is 1 if the shadow of the moon +currently falls on the planet. The T column is 1 if the moon is +currently transiting the planet. Otherwise the columns are 0.
+
+The locations of the moons are given in two coordinate systems. The +first three columns are the displacements of the moons in Mars radii +with respect to the equatorial plane. The next two columns give the +RA and Dec location of the moons in the current epoch (as specified +on the Main window).
+
+
+ +

4.6 Jupiter

+
+This is a view of Jupiter and its Galilean moons at the indicated date +and time. In addition, background sky objects may also be displayed.
+
+The scale at the left controls relative magnification.
+
+The scale at the right controls the dimmest magnitude which will be +displayed. Jupiter is always displayed. The values range from 20 at +the top and 0 at the bottom. Objects dimmer than the value specified +are not shown.
+
+Equatorial directions are indicated at the top and right edges.
+
+Moons are displayed only if they are geometrically visible from Earth. +Use the top view to see whether they are also in sun light.
+
+The default longitude of the GRS is set to 77 degrees, where it was +in late May of 2002. This may be changed interactively in the More +Info window.
+

4.6.1 Jupiter mouse

+
The mouse may be used to identify any +object in the Jupiter view. Position the cursor near the object of +interest and select the right mouse button. A popup menu will appear +with the objects name, current location and magnitude.
+
+
+ +

4.6.2 Jupiter Control menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Jupiter view or saving it to a file. See Printing.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Jupiter moon view to a movie +loop.
+
+Field Stars...
+
+
This selection activates the Field +Star +setup window. See Field stars.
+
+Telescope GoTo
+
+
This option, when available, causes +the location of +Jupiter to be sent to a telescope control process. This mechanism is +the same as that provided by the Telescope facility within the Sky +view. See Telescope
+
+Movie Demo
+
+
This option will set up the time step +controls in the Main window for a 15 minute step size and start a +loop which dramatically displays the motions of the moons as they +orbit Jupiter. This selection automatically disables the View » Sky Background +selection to insure reasonable speed. Push the button again to stop +the movie.
+
+Close
+
+
This removes the Jupiter display, and +the additional information window if present, from the screen.
+

4.6.3 Jupiter View menu

+Top view
+
+
Selects whether to display another +window above the front view with a vantage point over the pole. This +window will try to remain aligned above the main Jupiter front view +when either is resized. Moons are displayed only if they are in sun +light.
+
+Sky background
+
+
Selects whether to also show objects +within the current field of view that are in the XEphem database +memory or available from the Field stars +facility. The size of the object is determined by the limiting +magnitude as specified by the scale at the right. Objects are drawn +using the same symbols as used by the Sky view. While this option is +on, +XEphem will continue to retrieve field stars as required.
+
+Bright moons
+
+
If this option is in effect, then the +diameter of all moons will be increased by 3 pixels. This option +also insures that even those moons which are dimmer than the +limiting magnitude, as specified by the scale to the right, will be +drawn with a circle of diameter 3 pixels.
+
+Tags
+
+
Selects whether to show the Roman +numeral designation beneath each moon and a 1 arc-minute scale +calibration line.
+
+Flip T/B
+Flip L/R
+
+
These allow the scene to be flipped +vertically and horizontally, respectively.
+

4.6.3.1 More info...

+
This +button brings up a separate window which contains quantitative +information about Jupiter's moons and central meridian longitude. +All values may be used in plotting,listing and solving.
+
+The E and S columns are 1 if the moon is geometrically visible from the +Earth and +Sun, respectively. The P column is 1 if the shadow of the moon +currently falls on the planet. The T column is 1 if the moon is +currently transiting the planet. Otherwise the columns are 0.
+
+The locations of the moons are given in two coordinate systems. The +first three columns are the displacements of the moons in Jupiter +radii with respect to the celestial plane. The next two columns give +the RA and Dec location of the moons in the current equinox (as +specified on the Main window).
+
+Value of the System II longitude of the Great Red Spot is displayed. +The value may be changed according to current information. Pressing +Enter will update the Jupiter display with the new value.
+
+
+
+ +

4.7 Saturn

+
+This is a schematic view of Saturn, its rings and moons at the +indicated +date and time. In addition, background sky objects may also be +displayed.
+
+The scale at the left controls relative magnification.
+
+The scale at the right controls the dimmest magnitude which will be +displayed. Saturn and its rings are always displayed. The values +range from 20 at the top and 0 at the bottom. Objects dimmer than +the value specified are not shown.
+
+Nominal celestial directions are indicated at the top and right edges.
+
+Moons are displayed only if they are geometrically visible. Use the +top view to see whether they are also in sun light.
+

4.7.1 Saturn mouse

+
The mouse may be used to identify any +object in the Saturn view. Position the cursor near the object of +interest and select the right mouse button. A popup menu will appear +with the objects name, current location and magnitude.
+
+

4.7.2 Saturn Control menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Saturn view or saving it to a file. See Printing.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Saturn moon view to a movie loop.
+
+Field Stars...
+
+
This selection activates the Field +Star +setup window. See Field stars.
+
+Telescope GoTo
+
+
This option, when available, causes +the location of +Saturn to be sent to a telescope control process. This mechanism is +the same as that provided by the Telescope facility within the Sky +view. See Telescope
+
+Movie Demo
+
+
This option will set up the time step +controls in the Main window for a 15 minute step size and start a loop which dramatically displays the motions +of the moons as they orbit Saturn. This selection automatically +disables +the View » Sky Background +selection to insure reasonable speed. Push the button again to stop +the movie.
+
+Close
+
+
This removes the Saturn display, and +the additional information window if present, from the screen.
+
+ +

4.7.3 Saturn View menu

+Top view
+
+
Selects whether to also display +another +window, looking down on the Saturnian system from above the +celestial N pole. This window will tend to remain aligned above the +main front view when either is resized. Moons are displayed only if +they are in sun light.
+
+Sky background
+
+
Selects whether to also show objects +within the current field of view that are in the XEphem database +memory or available from the Field stars +facility. The size of the object is determined by the limiting +magnitude as specified by the scale at the right. Objects are drawn +using the same symbols as used by the Sky view. While this option is +on, +XEphem will continue to retrieve field stars as required.
+
+Bright moons
+
+
If this option is in effect, then the +diameter of all moons will be increased by 3 pixels. This option +also insures that even those moons which are dimmer than the +limiting magnitude, as specified by the scale to the right, will be +drawn with a circle of diameter 3 pixels.
+
+Tags
+
+
Selects whether to show the Roman +numeral designation beneath each moon and a 1 arc-minute scale +calibration line.
+
+Flip T/B
+Flip L/R
+
+
These allow the scene to be flipped +vertically and horizontally, respectively.
+

4.7.3.1 More info...

+
This button +brings up a separate window +which +contains quantitative information about Saturn's moons and its +rings. All values may be used in plotting,listing and solving.
+

+The E and S columns are 1 if the moon is geometrically visible from the +Earth and +Sun, respectively. The P column is 1 if the shadow of the moon +currently falls on the planet. The T column is 1 if the moon is +currently transiting the planet. Otherwise the columns are 0.
+
+The ring tilt is displayed as the angle above or below the line of +sight to Saturn from the Sun and the Earth. A positive value means +the front of the rings are tilted southward.
+
+The locations of the moons are given in two coordinate systems. The +first three columns are the displacements of the moons in Saturn +radii with respect to the celestial plane. The next two columns give +the RA and Dec location of the moons in the current equinox (as +specified on the Main window).
+
+ +

4.8 Uranus

+
+This is a schematic view of Uranus and its moons at the indicated date +and time. In addition, background sky objects may also be displayed.
+
+The scale at the left controls relative magnification.
+
+The scale at the right controls the dimmest magnitude which will be +displayed. Uranus is always displayed. The values range from 20 at +the top and 0 at the bottom. Objects dimmer than the value specified +are not shown.
+
+Nominal celestial directions are indicated at the top and right edges.
+
+Moons are displayed only if they are geometrically visible. Use the +top view to see whether they are also in sun light.
+

4.8.1 Uranus mouse

+
The mouse may be used to identify any +object in the Uranus view. Position the cursor near the object of +interest and select the right mouse button. A popup menu will appear +with the objects name, current location and magnitude.
+
+

4.8.2 Uranus Control menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Uranus view or saving it to a file. See Print.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Uranus moon view to a movie loop.
+
+Field Stars...
+
+
This selection activates the Field +Star +setup window. See Field stars.
+
+Telescope GoTo
+
+
This option, when available, causes +the location of +Uranus to be sent to a telescope control process. This mechanism is +the same as that provided by the Telescope facility within the Sky +view. See Telescope
+
+Movie Demo
+
+
This option will set up the time step +controls in the Main window for a 15 minute step size and start a loop which dramatically displays the motions +of the moons as they orbit Uranus. This selection automatically +disables +the View » Sky Background +selection to insure reasonable speed. Push the button again to stop +the movie.
+
+Close
+
+
This removes the Saturn display, and +the additional information window if present, from the screen.
+ +

4.8.3 Uranus View menu

+Top view
+
+
Selects whether to also display +another +window, looking down on the Uranus system from above the N celestial +pole. This window will tend to remain aligned above the main view +when either is resized. Moons are displayed only if they are in sun +light.
+
+Sky background
+
+
Selects whether to also show objects +within the current field of view that are in the XEphem database +memory or available from the Field stars +facility. The size of the object is determined by the limiting +magnitude as specified by the scale at the right. Objects are drawn +using the same symbols as used by the Sky view. While this option is +on, +XEphem will continue to retrieve field stars as required.
+
+Bright moons
+
+
If this option is in effect, then the +diameter of all moons will be increased by 3 pixels. This option +also insures that even those moons which are dimmer than the +limiting magnitude, as specified by the scale to the right, will be +drawn with a circle of diameter 3 pixels.
+
+Tags
+
+
Selects whether to show the Roman +numeral designation beneath each moon and a 1 arc-minute scale +calibration line.
+
+Flip T/B
+Flip L/R
+
+
These allow the scene to be flipped +vertically and horizontally, respectively.
+

4.8.3.1 More info...

+
This button +brings up a separate window +which +contains quantitative information about Uranus's moons. All values +may be used in plotting, listing +and solving.
+
+The E and S columns are 1 if the moon is geometrically visible from the +Earth and +Sun, respectively. The P column is 1 if the shadow of the moon +currently falls on the planet. The T column is 1 if the moon is +currently transiting the planet. Otherwise the columns are 0.
+
+The locations of the moons are given in two coordinate systems. The +first three columns are the displacements of the moons in Uranus +radii with respect to the celestial plane. The next two columns give +the RA and Dec location of the moons in the current equinox (as +specified on the Main window).
+
+
+

4.9 Solar System

+This is a graphical representation of the +solar system. The Sun is +always at the center of the screen, marked with a small circle. The +set of objects displayed are the ones from the Favorites +list that are solar system objects. Objects with defined date ranges +are only shown at valid times.
+ +

4.9.1 Solar System Scales

+The three scales at the edges control the position of the observer.
+
+
The vertical scale on the left controls the distance from the +Sun. You are closer as the scale is slid further up. You can also +control this with the keypad + and - keys. Using the key alone moves +by 2% little, with Shift moves by 10%.
+
+
The horizontal scale across the bottom of the view controls the +heliocentric longitude. Think of it as a rotation about the central +axis. The value of the scale is the heliocentric longitude vector +pointing straight at you. You can also control this with the keypad +Left and Right arrow keys. Using the key alone moves by 2%, with +Shift moves 10%.
+
+
The vertical scale on the right controls the heliocentric +latitude, your angle above or below the ecliptic plane. You can also +control this with the keypad Up and Down arrow keys. Using the key +alone moves by 2%, with Shift moves 10%.
+
+Changes to the scales take effect as you drag, unless the View » All Objects +option is on in which case the change does not take effect until you +release the scale. +

4.9.2 Solar System mouse

+Right button
+
+
Clicking the right mouse button near +an +object will pop up a menu with additional information. RA and Dec +are displayed as of the time the dot was computed. The RA, Dec and +Mag given for the Earth is that of the Sun.
+
+
Persistent +Label toggles whether the label for the object is displayed +regardless of whether the View +» Labels option is activated.
+
+
+

4.9.3 Solar System Control +menu

+Print...
+
+
This selection allows printing the +current Solar System view or saving it to a file. See Printing. +
+
+Favorites...
+
+
The Solar System view displays the +current set of Favorites that +are in the +solar +system.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Solar System view to a movie +loop.
+
+Create Trails...
+
+
This button will bring up a window to +set up making a trail for each object as they travel from their +current positions. Each trail time is drawn connected together with +a solid line with each point indicated with a small dot. The time +stamps shown with the trails, if any, are always in UTC. For the +trail to be visible, the Trails option must be activated. Only one +set of trails is supported at a time. Creating new trails will +delete the old ones. The trails will also be discarded if a user +defined +object is changed or an Update occurs from the Main window. Only the +Favorites are trailed. The other solar system objects, if any, are +always shown in their current positions. See Trails.
+
+Movie Demo
+
+ +
This push button will set the Main +window Step to 5 days and start looping +with a very large number of steps. Press the button again or use +Stop control in the Main window to stop the movie.
+
+Live Dragging
+
+
This toggle button selects whether the +graphics are redrawn in real time as the various scale controls are +being slid, or whether the graphics are not redrawn until the mouse +is released. The response depends on the speed of the computer, display +and data bandwidth. If the system is fast enough, turning this on +can produce dramatic depth clues for complex solar system views; +also try it in Stereo.
+
+Stereo pair
+
+
This toggle button is used to bring up +another image of the solar system from a slightly displaced vantage +point. Adjusting your gaze to fuse the two images together will +reveal a 3D image. This effect is most pronounced if fairly lengthy +trails are created, legs are turned on and the Ecliptic plane circles +are turned off. This effect was designed +primarily to help visualize the orbits of comets.
+
+
At the bottom of the stereo display is +a scale to control the amount of parallax to introduce. The parallax +is only introduced in the plane of the ecliptic. This works well for +low latitudes but when viewing from near the poles it just moves +everything equally.
+
+If you prefer focusing your eyes in front of the screen, move the +parallax control somewhat to the left; if you prefer to relax your +eyes and focus at infinity then move the parallax control to the +right. You can also control this scale with the keypad slash (/) and +star (*) keys.
+
+Close
+
+
This push button will close both the +main Solar system view and the Stereo view. If the Solar System view +is closed while the Stereo window is on, it will reappear when the +Solar System window is reactivated.
+

4.9.4 Solar System View +menu

+Trails
+
+
This toggles whether trails, if +currently defined, are displayed. The trails may be turned on and +off as desired without loss but the trails are permanently discarded +when the next Update from the Main window occurs.
+
+Ecliptic
+
+
This toggle button controls the +display +of a set of circles in the ecliptic plane, spaced at regular +intervals. The interval between each circle is displayed at the +upper left of the view.
+
+Labels
+
+
This option causes each object's name +to appear.
+
+Legs
+
+
This toggle button controls whether a +line is drawn from each object down to the ecliptic. This aids in +visualizing the 3D location of the objects.
+
+DB too
+
+
This allows showing all objects +currently loaded into memory that lie within the solar system, in +addition to the Favorites.
+
+ +

5.0 Sky View

+ This view presents a +schematic representation of the sky showing database +objects and useful auxiliary information. A FITS file image can also +be displayed simultaneously.
+
+The dominant center area displays each object that meets the brightness +and type filter selection criteria. Objects with defined date ranges +are +only shown at valid times. A menu bar across the top offers access to +all functions. Fast access to certain functions are available from the +surrounding toolbars. The mouse buttons can be used inside the display +area for additional functionality specific to the exact location of +the cursor when clicked.
+
+Note that while looping with Pause set to +0 the Sky View is not updated (although all quantitative information +is always updated internally each step). This is to permit creating +plots and using other XEphem features that use many time increments to +run much more quickly if the Sky View is unmanaged or with Pause set +to 0.
+
+If the object is an Earth satellite, its label will be surrounded in +parentheses if it eclipsed at that location. +
+ +

5.1 Sky View mouse

+The mouse serves many purposes in the Sky View. Exactly what it does +at any one time depends on whether it is located over an object and on +the states of some of the toolbar buttons.
+
+No buttons:
+
+
Generally +nothing happens when the mouse is over the Sky View and no buttons +are being pressed. However, if the Corner Coordinates toolbar button +(upper right) is On, basic data describing the position of the +cursor are displayed in the upper corners whenever the cursor is +over the Sky even when no buttons are depressed. These data include:
+
+
    +
  • In the Upper left corner:
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • RA, Dec and Hour angle equatorial coordinates;
    • +
  • the great-circle distance and bearing between the current +position and the +point at which the left button was last clicked;
    • +
  • constellation name;
    • +
  • if displaying FITS image, raw image pixel coordinates. N.B. FITS coords = XEphem coords + 1
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • In the Upper right corner:
    • +
+
    +
  • Alt, Az and Zenith horizon coordinates;
    • +
  • Galactic latitude and longitude
    +
  • Parallactic angle, +/-180 +west
    +
    • +
+
The coordinates are derived directly +from the screen location and know nothing of the displayed objects. +Thus, they neglect parallax (i.e., assume everything is at infinity).
+
+If the Telescope Marker is active and a telescope control process +is reporting telescope position information, then when the cursor is +outside the Sky View the data in the corners refer to the telescope +marker position, not the cursor position. This information is not +displayed if any keyboard keys or mouse buttons are pressed.
+
+Left button:
+
+
If +the +Region of Interest toolbar button is On and the left mouse button is +pressed, then the information in the upper left and right corners +changes into delta information, that is, the changes in the various +coordinates with respect to the position where the left button was +last pressed.
+
+
+
If the ROI toolbar button is On, +pressing and dragging the left mouse button draws a Region of +Interest box. This ROI can serve two roles. One is a way to zoom. +With the ROI toolbar button On, click in the Sky View with the left +mouse button and begin to draw a box surrounding a region of +interest. When the button is released, the ROI becomes fixed into +position. To perform the zoom, press Zoom In in the tool bar. The +current size, position, and ROI are saved and the Sky View is +changed to expand the new area. The Zoom Back tool bar button then +becomes available to restore the display to its previous size and +position. The Zoom In and Zoom Back buttons work as a pair for +arbitrary +levels of undo and redo. This Zooming is implemented by actually +sliding the scales around the edges of the Sky View just as if you +had done it manually. Thus, the selected area may be rotated after +the zoom due to a change in perspective in the map projection. This +is a feature.
+
+
The other use for the ROI is available +only when an image is being display. Basic statistics are computed +for the pixels that lie within the ROI box. Also only while an image +is displayed, the left mouse button may be used to position a +Magnifying +glass; graph the pixels along an arbitrary cross sectional slice +through +the image; and compute and display high quality photometric and +astrometric information about the star nearest the cursor based on 2D +Gaussian fitting. See Image analysis.
+
+Middle button:
+
+
While the middle button is depressed, +the cursor is changed to a fleur pattern. Moving the mouse left and +right is like moving the scale at the bottom; moving it up and down +is like moving the scale at the right. This provides a simple method +to pan the display. This feature is not yet available while +displaying an image. If the Live +dragging option is turned on (see Control » Options), the +panning occurs immediately. If this is painfully slow on your system +then turn this off so the screen is only redrawn one time when the +button is released.
+
+Right +button:
+
+
If +the right button is clicked over the +Sky View, +then a popup menu will appear. If the button is clicked and +released, the menu will stay up and can be used like any other menu. +Or the button may be pressed and held while you slide the cursor to +the desired button and let go. Try both and use whichever procedure you +prefer.
+
+
The popup contains information and +controls germane to the exact position of the cursor when the button +was clicked. The entries in the popup menu vary depending on whether +the cursor was near an object or over empty sky. If the cursor is +near a object, data is shown which are exactly the same as that +which is available in the Data Table window. +If a trailed object is selected, the data applies at the +time for that position. If the cursor was not near an object, basic +information based on the location of the cursor itself is shown.
+
+
The popup also offers several control +operations, as follows. Remember, only the ones relevant to the +current situation and toolbar choices will appear.
+
+
+
    +
  • Name will show the name of the object. If alternate names +are available they will be displayed in a pullright cascade menu.
    • +
+
    +
  • Type will display a brief description of the type of +object.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Center will change the +Sky View pointing direction to place the given object (or location) +at the center of the field of view.
    • +
+
    +
  • Center + Zoom » is like +Center but will also zoom in or out the amount selected in the +pullright cascade menu.
    +
    +
    • +
  • Persistent Label » on +Left on Right will toggle whether a label is drawn on the left +or right side of the current object. The label will consist of the +name and/or the magnitude, depending on which options are selected +in the SkyView » Options +Labeling section. If neither are selected, the label will consist of +the name. Persistent labels are always on, that is, they are not +subject to magnitude limits, options, or object type filtering. Note +this option is maintained separately for trailed objects and for the +untrailed objects; that is, you have independent control over +labeling for a trailed object and its currently displayed object +since the latter also always appears in the trailed list. This can +be somewhat confusing for trails which begin Now since, in effect, +the first item is drawn twice (once just because it is an object +like any other, and again as a member of the set of trail history +points).
    • +
+
    +
  • Place eyepiece will cause +an eyepiece symbol to be drawn centered under the mouse location. The +eyepiece shape and size are defined in the Eyepiece Setup window, +available at Control » +Eyepieces. Both the RA-Dec and Alt-Az of the location are +saved and the one matching the Display mode is used when the +eyepiece is drawn on the Sky View. In this way eyepieces can be +fixed in either coordinate system. See Eyepieces.
    +
    +
    • +
  • Delete eyepiece will +delete the closest eyepiece covering this mouse location. The search +algorithm uses the smaller of the two dimensions of the eyepiece so +it may be necessary to get close to the center depending on the shape.
    +
    +
    • +
  • Telescope GoTo will cause +the coordinates of the cursor to be sent to the INDI telescope control +process. The command is not issued if the coordinates are below the +horizon. This button is only present if the connected process is +running. See Telescope.
    • +
+
    +
  • Add to logbook will copy +pertinent position and descriptive information about the current object +to a new entry in the Observers logbook. This +selection only appears if the logbook tool window is currently open.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • New Photom ref only +appears if an image is being displayed, the 2D Gaussian image analysis +tool is up, and the cursor was clicked near a database object. If all +this is so, then said object is used as the new reference for +photometric comparisons, and the magnitude of the object from the +database is set as the reference for subsequent use.
    • +
+
    +
  • Show orbit... is only +present +if the selected object is a Binary system. It brings up a window +showing +the +orbit of the secondary around the primary and an ephemeris for one +revolution. See Binary Star Map for more +information.
    +
    • +
+
    +
  • Add to Favorites will add +this object to the Favorites list.
    • +
+
    +
  • Create Trail... +will bring up a window from which a trail may be easily defined, +computed and displayed. The button is labeled Change Trail if the selected +object already has a defined trail. Only one trail per object is +supported. See Trails.
    • +
+
    +
  • Track will toggle object +tracking for this object. If a trail object is chosen, the tracking +will apply to the current position of the object. See the discussion +for the Control » Tracking +toggle button for more details.
    • +
+
    +
  • Trail is only present +if the selected object has a trail defined. If it has a trail, the +toggle state indicates whether the trail is being displayed. Note +that turning off a trail does not actually discard the trail until +the next Update occurs from the Main window.
    • +
+ + +

5.2 Toolbars

+ + + + + + + + + + + +

+
+
+
The toolbars are divided into +three broad categories. Down the left are choices that effect How the +scene is portrayed, such as coordinate system, flipping and +magnitude limits. Across the top the choices effect What is +displayed, such as coordinate grids, local horizon, and the +classes of celestial objects. All of the buttons in the Left and +Top toolbars are just convenient shortcuts to functions that can +also be accessed from the Options and Filter windows available +in the Sky View Control menu.
+
+The toolbar down the right side is a little different. These +buttons share a broad common theme of Where objects or +information are located. Some also effect how the mouse operates.
+
+ +

5.3 Scale controls

+FOV
+
+ +
The vertical scale on the left side +sets the vertical field of view of the display. The horizontal field +of view is determined by the width of the window at the same scale. +The FOV can be varied in 5 minute increments from 0:05 through 180 +degrees. The buttons below offer a quick way to set the scale to +exactly +90 degrees and to resize the window (by changing the width) to 1:1 +and 2:1 Width:Height aspect ratios. When an image is loaded, an +additional button appears labeled Image. Clicking this will resize the +window to match the aspect ratio of the image. The FOV scale may also +be changed +using the keypad + and - keys. Using the key alone moves by 2%, with +Shift moves 10%.
+
+Alt / Dec
+
+
The vertical scale on the right side +sets either the center altitude or declination, depending on the +display mode. The value can be varied from -90 to +90 in increments +of 5 minutes. The buttons below presents a quick way to center the +scale at exactly 45, 0 or -45 degrees. The Alt/Dec scale may also be +changed using the keypad Up and Down arrow keys (make sure your NumLock +is off). Using the key alone moves by 2%, with Shift moves 10%.
+
+Az / RA
+
+
The horizontal scale across the bottom +sets either the center azimuth or RA, depending on the display mode. +In Alt-Az mode this sets azimuth and can be varied from 0 to 359:55 +degrees in steps of 5 minutes. In RA-Dec mode this sets Right +Ascension and can be varied from 0 to 23:59:40 hours, in steps of 20 +seconds. The Az/RA scale may also be changed using the keypad Left and +Right arrow keys (make sure your NumLock is off). Using the key alone +moves by 2%, with Shift moves 10%.
+ +

5.4 Trails

+
+

The location of any object on the Sky view may be computed at +regular intervals and displayed by setting up a sky trail. Use the Trails Setup window to select the interval, +number of steps, formatting details and which steps you would like +annotated. The trail setup window is accessed from the popup which +appears when the third mouse button is activated when the cursor is +near an object. Any number of objects may have trails.

+

The trail is created by computing the location of the object at +several intervals. Each new location will be drawn with a small mark +and connected with a line to its previous location. The trails +remain correct if the display coordinate system is changed. Trails +may be turned on or off without loss of trail information. Trail +information is discarded if a trail is turned off when a new Main +window Update is performed. If any point on a trail is selected +using the third mouse button the information displayed is as per the +object at that time. The times displayed next to trailed objects are in +accord with the setting of Preferences -> +Time zone. +Trail information is not subject to the +constraints in the Filter window, i.e., +trailed objects are always shown.

+

Note that in Alt-Az mode, each trailed location is positioned on +the display according to the sky at the current moment. But because +of diurnal motion these trails are not useful for comparison with +the background of fixed stars. Use the RA-Dec mode for that. This is +so important (and easily overlooked) that you will see a reminder +notice to this effect the first (and only) time you create and +display a trail in Alt-Az mode.

+

Finally, be sure to recompute any trails if you change any of +the preferences or circumstances in the Main window.

+
+ +

5.5 Sky View Control +menu

+This is a summary of the Sky View Control menu. Details follow.
+
+Options...
+
+
This brings up a window with several +choices effecting the way the scene is drawn. See Options.
+
+Filter...
+
+
This allows selecting the types and +magnitude ranges of objects to display. See Filter. +
+
+Print...
+
+
This allows printing the current Sky +view or saving it to a file. If an image is currently being +displayed, it will also be part of the print image. See Printing.
+
+List...
+
+
This brings up a window that allows +saving the objects currently displayed in the Sky View to a file. +See List.
+
+Horizon...
+
+
This activates the Horizon setup +window +where you can define new or load existing horizon profiles. To +actually display the Horizon profile, turn on the toggle under +Option. See Horizon.
+
+Field Stars...
+
+
This activates the Field Star setup +window. To display Field Stars, turn on the toggle under Options. +See Field stars.
+
+Favorites ...
+
+
This activates the Favorites setup +window. See Favorites.
+
+Eyepieces...
+
+
This brings up a window which allows +you to specify the shape, size, rotation and style of the next +eyepiece to be created. See Eyepieces. +Whether eyepieces are shown at all is controlled by the Control » Options » +Eyepieces option; see Options.
+
+Coordinates...
+
+
This brings up a simple dialog which +allows you to type in (or copy/paste) and convert among several +common coordinate systems used in astronomy. The coordinates may be +set from or used to repoint the Sky View. See Coordinate +converter.
+
+User annotation...
+
+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+Add to movie...
+
This selection brings up a window to allow adding the +current Sky view to a movie loop.
+
+Tracking
+
+ +
Tracking in this context refers to +whether the pointing direction of the Sky View will automatically be +changed each time an Update occurs from the Main window such that +the tracked object will remain centered on the display. The object to +be +tracked is selected by using the Track +option in its popup menu, as described elsewhere. When this toggle +button is sensitive and pushed-in it means that tracking is active for +one object. The tracked object will be marked with an × on the +display after each Update. If this toggle button is selected while it +is +sensitive, it turns tracking off. This is a convenient alternate method +to turn off object tracking without having to find the exact object +being tracked and use its popup Track control. When this toggle +button is insensitive and popped-out, it means that object tracking +is not active; it does nothing when selected while insensitive.
+
+Close:
+
+
This causes the Sky view and all +supporting windows to go away.
+ +

5.5.1 Options

+

5.5.1.1 Display mode:

+
Alt-Az
+RA-Dec
+
+
This pair selects whether the display +coordinate system is Altitude-Azimuth or Right +Ascension-Declination. While in Alt/Az mode the display is always +topocentric; while in RA/Dec mode the display coordinate system +depends on the Equatorial preference and Equinox settings in the +Main window.
+
+
+
Sphere
+Cylinder
+
+
This pair selects whether the display +is projected onto a sphere or a cylinder. The advantage of the +sphere is that it mimics the real sky. The advantage of the +cylinder is it shows the entire universe at once.
+
+

5.5.1.2 Grid Control:

+
This group of controls allows you to +specify the details of an overlay coordinate grid.
+
+Grid
+
+
Toggles the grid on or off.
+
+Auto
+
+
If on, the size of the grid steps will +be determined automatically and shown in the text fields beneath; +if it is off, then step sizes are determined from the values in +the text fields. Typing into either field then pressing Enter will also +turn off Auto and immediately display the grid with the new step +size.
+
+Alt-Az
+RA-Dec
+
+
This pair selects in which coordinate +system the grid will be drawn.
+
+Label
+
+
Selects whether the grid will be +labeled.
+
+
+

5.5.1.3 View Options:

+
Just dots
+
+
This toggle effects how stars are +shown. When the toggle is pushed in, all stars are displayed simply +as dots of various sizes. When the toggle is released, each type of +star is displayed with a unique schematic symbol. These symbols may +be reviewed from the Filter window.
+
+
Flip Left/Right
+
Flip Top/Bottom
+
+
These toggle whether the display is +shown with a flip in the left/right or the top/bottom directions, +respectively.
+
+
Equatorial plane
+
+
This toggles whether a red 3:6 dashed +line is shown along the Earth's equator projected onto the celestial +sphere. The North and South celestial poles are marked and labeled as +NCP and SCP, respectively.
+
+
+
Ecliptic plane
+
+
This toggles whether a red 2:2 dotted +line is shown along the ecliptic. The ecliptic is the plane of the +Earth's orbit or, as seen from Earth, the path of the Sun and the +approximate path of the planets across the sky. The anti-solar point +is marked with a small open circle. The Vernal and Autumnal equinoxes +and Summer and Winter solstice locations are marked and labeled as VEq, +AEq, SS and WS respectively. The North and South eclipic poles are +marked and labeled as +NEP and SEP, respectively.
+
+The +edges of umbra/penumbra of +Earth are marked with open circles. If Preferences » Equatorial +is set to Topocentric, the umbra/penumbra are projected at the current +distance of the Moon and corrected for parallax; if set to +Geocentric they are projected at infinity.
+
+
Galactic plane
+
+
This toggles whether a red 1:4 dotted +line is shown along the galactic equator. The North and South galactic +poles are marked and labeled as NGP and SGP, respecively. The galactic +center is marked and labeled as GC. The outline of the +Milky Way boundary is also shown.
+
+
Eyepieces
+
+
This toggles whether eyepieces are +drawn on the Sky view, if and when any are placed. Eyepieces are placed on the Sky view by +using the Place eyepiece +control in the popup menu activated by the right mouse button. The +shape and style of eyepieces is defined in the Control » Eyepieces +window. Eyepieces are only drawn if they fit entirely within the Sky +View. This selection is automatically activated when an eyepiece is +placed.
+
+
Magnitude key
+
+
This toggles whether to display a +chart +in the lower left corner showing the correspondence between dot size +and star magnitude. The scale is automatically turned off each time +an image is first displayed.
+
+
Compass rose
+
+
This toggles whether two symbols to +indicate the cardinal directions at the center of the Sky View in +each Display mode are drawn in the lower right corner. The symbol on +the right always shows the current mode, the symbol to its left the +opposite mode. The one labeled with Z and R indicates +the +local horizontal directions toward the Zenith and toward the Right; the +one labeled with N and W indicates equatorial North and +West. The symbols are not drawn near their respective poles.
+
+
Auto magnitude
+
+
When this toggle is active, the +faintest magnitudes and dot step size will automatically be set to +something reasonable based on the field of view. This option is +automatically turned on whenever the FOV changes for any reason, +unless it was turned off manually. Note that initial resource values +for faintest magnitudes and dot step size will not be honored unless +the +initial resource value for automag is also off.
+
+
Field Stars
+
+
This toggles whether Field stars are automatically loaded and +displayed if the position, field of view, limiting magnitude or time +changes significantly. This selection turns itself off if any +difficulties ever arise in retrieving field stars.
+
+
Live dragging
+
+
This toggles whether the graphics are +redrawn in real time as the various scale controls are being slid, +or whether the graphics are not redrawn until the mouse is released. +What works best for you depends on the speed of the computer, display +and data bandwidth. If the system is fast enough, turning this on can +produce dramatic results.
+
+
Horizon map
+
+
This toggles whether to display the +local horizon profile on the Sky View and +whether objects below the horizon are drawn. The profile +linearly interpolates between points in the defining file. See Horizon.
+
+
Clipping
+
+
This toggles whether objects +which are below the horizon are drawn. This has no effect if no +horizon is displayed.
+
+

5.5.1.4 Constellation:
+

+
File name
+
+
+
This drop-down selection allows you to +select the file that defines constellation figures. The files supplied +with XEphem are HAReyfigs.csf and classicfigs.csf to define the figures +defined by H. A. Rey or the classic definitions, respectively. The +files shown for possible selection are those files ending with the .csf +suffix in the Shared and Private directories.
+
+The definition file must contain exactly one figure for each of the 89 +constellations. Leading white space, blank lines and lines beginning +with # are ignored. Each figure definition begins with a line +containing just its name followed by one or more lines of the form:
+    drawcode ra dec [comment]
+where
+    drawcode is a numeric value indicating a drawing +instruction as follows:
+        0 move to ra dec
+        1 draw solid line to ra dec
+        2 draw dashed line to ra dec
+    ra is decimal hours or sexigesimal h:m:s
+    dec is decimal degrees or sexigesimal d:m:s
+    the remainder of the line is ignored and may be any +comments, typical is the name of a star being drawn to.
+
+
+
+
Figures
+Boundaries
+
+
+
This pair controls whether to show +constellation figures and/or constellation boundaries.
+
+
+
Full Names
+
Abbreviations
+
+
This radio pair controls whether and +how +constellation names are shown. The choices are full names, their +3-letter abbreviations or neither.
+

5.5.1.5 Labeling:

+
This portion controls labeling +options. +The sliders select how many of the brightest objects to label in +each of four categories. The count ranges from 0 on the left to All +on the right.
+
+The label itself may consist of the Name or Magnitude or both, +depending on the state of the two buttons in the columns marked N +and M to the left of each scale. If Names and Magnitudes are both +turned on then the magnitude is drawn to the right of the name +surrounded by parentheses. Magnitudes are always drawn to the +nearest 1/10 with the decimal point removed.
+
+Trailed entries and objects marked for Persistent Label do not +contribute towards the brightest count.
+
+ +

5.5.2 Filter

+
+This window lists all classes of +objects +supported by XEphem. Using the Filter window, you may select which +classes of objects are displayed on the Sky view window. For +reference, the Filter window also contains the schematic symbol for +each type of object, and its code when used in a database file. The +symbol displayed for each class of object is that which will be used to +represent the object in the Sky view, unless Control » Options » Just +dots is selected. Note +that the symbol used to draw an Elliptical object in the Sky View is +the same as that for objects of type Hyperbolic and Parabolic if the +name of the object begins with "C/" (presumed to denote a comet).
+
+Three scales near the bottom of the Filter window control the faintest +magnitude limit to be displayed for Stars, Solar system and Deep sky +objects. Note that trails and persistent labels are not subject to the +faint magnitude limits.
+
+The diameter of the symbol drawn in the Sky View is the larger of the +object's actual size at the current window scale (if a size is +specified in the database entry for the object) or a size that is +proportional to the difference between the object's magnitude and the +current faintest magnitude setting.
+
+The fourth scale in the lower left selects the number of magnitudes +binned in each dot size. Values larger than 1 are helpful for showing +very large ranges of magnitudes.
+
+Several push buttons appear across the bottom of the Filter window +which have the usual effects: Selecting Apply +updates the Sky display according to the desired selection. Selecting Ok does the same thing but also +closes the Filter window. All +turns on all types. Toggle +swaps +which filters and Or and Off. Reset +will return the state of all Filter controls to their state when this +window first appeared or the most recent Apply.
+

5.5.3 Print

+This allows printing the current Sky view or saving it to a file. If +an image is currently being displayed, it will also be part of the +print image. See Printing.
+
+ +

5.5.4 List

+

+
+
+This window lists, sorts and writes the objects currently displayed +in the Sky View to a file. Basing the list on the Sky View allows the +selection criteria to use the full power of the Options and Filters +controls as well as the region of the sky as defined by the center and +field of view. If you wish to include all objects without regard to +position, use the Cylindrical project mode, set RA-Dec, FOV 180, Dec 0 +and resize the Sky View window to show the entire universe.
+
+At the top, the format of the file created may be specified in either +of two formats. The .edb format saves the objects in the XEphem +catalog format. This is handy for using the XEphem filtering options +to create custom catalogs. The text format is a columnar listing. The +columns that are printed are the same as those currently selected in +the Data Table, printed to the precision specified in the Preferences. A convenient button is +provided to bring up the Date Table setup window. Note that a column +need not be printed to be used for sorting, although it would seem +unusual to do so.
+
+The center section lists several fields that may used for sorting the +list. Pick each field in the order you wish to sort the list. If you +wish to make a change to the order, you may Undo one at a time back to +the beginning or Clear the entire sequence and begin again.
+
+The bottom section is a text field which (will) show the results of +the sort. This text field is fully editable, so you may delete specific +objects, add comments and so on as desired. N.B. If you have chosen +the .edb format, no checks are made that your edits have made the +format illegal.
+
+Pressing the right mouse button over the text field will bring up a +popup menu, if a valid object name is found at the beginning of the +line under the cursor. This popup has buttons to Delete the object on +the current line from the list and Mark the object on the Sky View.
+
+Across the bottom are several controls.
+
+
Save
+
+
This writes the text field exactly as +it now appears to the file named at the right of the format +checked at the top. N.B. No check is made that the format and the +extension agree.
+
+Sort
+
+
This rebuilds the list according to +the +current settings. Use this after changing something in the Sky +View, or after changing the format or sort settings here.
+
+
+

5.5.5 Horizon

+ XEphem +allows you to create a file describing your local horizon. This window +gives you two ways to define your local horizon, and a handy way to +edit and save a horizon description. +One way to define a horizon is just to specify one altitude that will +be used +at all azimuths. To use this method, type the desired altitude in the +field provided, then type Enter or toggle the button labeled Constant On.
+
+The other way is to draw your actual horizon profile interactively as +follows:
+
    +
  1. Set the Sky View to display Alt-Az mode;
    2. +
  2. set Az to 0, Alt to 90, FOV to 180 so you see your entire sky;
    3. +
  3. click on Edit with mouse;
    4. +
  4. draw your horizon with the mouse;
    5. +
  5. when finished turn Edit with mouse back off;
    +
    6. +
  6. enter a file name;
    7. +
  7. click Save.
    +
    8. +
+Editing can in fact be performed in any mode but the above setup is the +most natural. Reload the profile later using Load. +As many profiles can be stored as desired. For example, if you +observe from several sites, you can have a profile for each.
+
File format
+
+ The Horizon profile file +format (suffix .hzn) and its use by +XEphem are defined as follows:
+
+
+
    +
  • Each line should contain exactly two numbers separated by +spaces.
    • +
  • The first number is the azimuth, expressed as degrees East of +North.
    • +
  • Azimuth values range from 0 up to 360 degrees. Any values +outside +this range have 360 added or subtracted until they fall in this +range.
    • +
  • The lines need not be sorted by Azimuth, although they will be +sorted when used; thus the horizon map can never cross itself.
    • +
  • If the file does not include the full range of Azimuths, the +end points will be connected automatically.
    • +
  • It is ok to specify just one point (at any Azimuth). This will +result in a flat horizon all the way around at the specified +Altitude. This is functionally equivalent to using the Constant +method.
    • +
  • The second number is degrees above horizontal.
    • +
  • XEphem linearly interpolates as necessary when drawing between +the Az and Alt values in the file.
    • +
  • Lines of any other form are ignored.
    • +
+
+

5.5.6 Field Stars

+
This activates the Field Star setup +window. To display Field Stars, turn on the toggle under Options. +See Field stars.
+

5.5.7 Favorites

+
This activates the Favorites setup +window. See Favorites.
+
+ +

5.5.8 Eyepieces

+This +window allows you to specify the shape, rotation angle, size and style +of the next eyepiece marker to be placed in the Sky View. These +markers are useful to show the view through your eyepiece, simulate +the view of a CCD camera, or as simple annotation markers for any +desired purpose. Symbology on the map will show through the eyepieces, +even when they are specified as solid. +
+
+Note that this window controls the style of the next eyepiece to be +created. To actually place an eyepiece, place the mouse over the Sky +view where you want the center to be located and press the right +button. A popup menu will appear. Slide down the menu and release over Place eyepiece. When an eyepieces is +place on the sky, both the RA-Dec and Alt-Az of the location are saved +and the set +matching the Display mode is used when the eyepiece is drawn on the +Sky View. In this way eyepieces are fixed in both coordinate systems.
+
+Set next eyepiece ...
+
Across the top are three sliders which set the Width, Height and Angle of the next eyepiece. Width +and Height are shown in units of degrees:minutes. +The interpretation of the rotation angle depends on the +current display mode of the Sky View at the moment a new eyepiece is +placed. When in Alt/Az mode, the angle is away from a line through the +Zenith, and when in RA/Dec mode the angle is away from the North +Celestial Pole. In both cases, the units are degrees. +
+
+Below them is a toggle that will Lock +the W and H sliders so they move together. This makes it easy to +create eyepiece shapes that are perfectly round or square.
+
+As a special convenience for and in deference to, there is a toggle +which will create three open circles spaced to match the view through +the Telrad unit power finder. +The circles are 0.5, 2 and 4 degrees in diameter. As long as this +special toggle is pushed in, the other controls are made insensitive +to avoid interfering with the preset values for the Telrad.
+
+Next below are pairs of toggle buttons to select the Shape and Style +of the next eyepiece. Elliptical +and Rectangular refer to +circles +and squares. Solid and Outline refer to whether the shape +will be filled in or just drawn as a border.
+
+Field-of-View Calculators
+
In the central portion of the Eyepiece window are two calculators that can be used to +compute the sky angle of an optical system in two ways. The first +method uses the net focal length of the entire optical system and a +linear size on the focal plane. The technique is handy for CCD users +who want to find the sky angle subtended by each pixel or the entire +detector. Another good use of this form is for photographers using +film to find the amount of sky that will fit on their film. To cover +this wide range of applications, the measures may be specified in any +of several common units by adding the appropriate suffix. Default +units are shown in parentheses.
+
+The second calculator uses the apparent field of view while looking +into an eyepiece and divides this by the magnification, which in turn +is found from the ratio of focal lengths for the primary mirror and +the eyepiece. Typical eyepieces provide about 45 degrees apparent +fields of view, and some premium ones can go to 60 degrees or more. +After using either method, the resulting sky angle can be assigned to +the Width or Height scale for the next eyepiece by using the Set W and +H buttons to the right.
+
+Saving Eyepiece Definitions
+
This portion of the Eyepieces window allows you to Add +the current eyepiece settings to a list of favorites. A simple +name is chosen automatically but you may change this to be more +meaningful to you. Each such eyepiece may be Deleted from the set or put to Use by using the buttons on the +left. To the right of each eyepiece is a reminder of its width, height +and a code letter for its shape and size.
+
+The buttons below the table of favorite eyepieces allow you to Save +and later Load the table to a file. These files have the +extension .epd. When saving, the new file is always created in +the Private directory. When +loading, files with this suffix are first checked for in the Private +directory and if +not found in the Shared directory. The suffix is automatically added if +not entered in the file name field. The file named in the Save field is +also the file that is automatically loaded when XEphem starts. This +file name can be saved in the Preferences » Save window in +the Skyview -- Eyepieces section as EyePDefFile.
+
+Saving Sky View Eyepiece Placements
+
+This portion of the Eyepieces window allows you to Save and +later Load the set of eyepieces currently defined on the Sky +View to a file. These files have the extension .epp. When +saving, the new file is always created in +the Private directory. When +loading, files with this suffix are first checked for in the Private +directory and if +not found in the Shared directory. The suffix is automatically added if +not entered in the file name field. The file named in the Save field is +also the file that is automatically loaded when XEphem starts. This +file name can be saved in the Preferences » Save window in +the Skyview -- Eyepieces section as EyePPosFile.
+
+Delete all placed eyepieces
+ +
After at least one eyepiece has been placed in the Sky +View, a button +at the bottom of this window will become available to permanently Delete all placed eyepieces +currently anywhere on the Sky View. You may also delete them +individually from the Sky View from the right-click popup or if you +just want to temporarily turn all Eyepieces off and back on later, use +the Eyepieces control in the Control +» Options window.
+
+Close
+
Across the bottom are buttons to Close +the window and Help to get +more +information. Closing the window has no effect on eyepieces already +placed in the Sky View.
+
+

5.5.9 Coordinates

+
This brings up a simple dialog which +allows you to type in (or copy/paste) and convert among several +common coordinate systems used in astronomy. The coordinates may be +set from or used to repoint the Sky View. See Coordinate +converter.
+

5.5.10 User +annotation

+
This selection brings up a window +which +allows text and lines to be drawn over the image. See Annotation.
+
+ +

5.6 Sky View Images menu

+The Images menu can bring up three windows.
+
+Load and save...
+
+
This window controls loading local +FITS +files, downloading them from the Net, and saving them locally.
+
+Analysis tools...
+
+
This window provides a variety of +image +analysis and processing tools. Settings made in this window can also +effect what the mouse does in the Sky View when an image is being +displayed.
+
+WCS Solver...
+
+
This window provides a means to add +World Coordinate System headers to a FITS file. With WCS, XEphem +(and many other programs) can compute the RA and Dec of each pixel +in the file, not just its X and Y pixel coordinates. This capability +opens the door to many interesting possibilities. The algorithm +performs +a pattern match between the star-like artifacts in the image and the +GSC +and/or USNO star catalogs.
+ +

5.6.1 Load and Save FITS +images
+

+ This +window allows you to display a FITS file in the Sky View window. You +may display local files or download the Digital Sky Survey directly +from the Internet. The image is resized to match the size of the Sky +View window. Once an image is displayed, all graphical features of the +Sky View are available, such as grids and labeling objects loaded in +the XEphem database. Most of these features require that WCS headers +be present in the image. XEphem can help create these using the WCS Solver tool.
+
+Resizing the window will change the size of the scrolled text  +area displaying the FITS header fields.
+
+Open FITS file
+
+
Clicking on the option menu will +display a list of all FITS files in the Private +and Shared directories in a popup menu. All files with the name +extension .fts, .fits, or .fit will be included. Clicking on a file in +the popup list will display it.
+
+

+
+Download
+
+
This button heads up the section for +downloading Digital Sky Survey images from the Internet You may +choose generations 1 and 2, and either Red or Blue filters for the +latter. The DSS is maintained by the Space Telescope Science +Institute, STScI, in the United States or the European Southern +Observatory, ESO, research facility in Germany. The image data from +either site is identical, so choosing which to use depends only on +availability and whichever is faster for you.
+
+The size and position of the image are that of the current Sky View +settings, but the size is limited to 30 arc minutes by agreement +with each institution. Before attempting a download, use the File » Network setup +window off the Main menubar to configure your Internet connection.
+
+Clicking Display will begin the download. A progress meter will display +remaining time. A Stop window is provided if you care to abandon the +effort. The header of the http server response message is in the +Main File » Syetem Log +window; check there if an error occurs.
+
+FITS Header:
+
+
This section consists mainly of a +scrolled text area which shows each field in the FITS header.
+
+If the +header contains any of the fields EPOCH, JD or DATE-OBS then the +date of the observation is displayed above the header. The button +labeled Set time will also +come +alive which allows setting the main XEphem time and date to this +value. This is handy when checking for asteroids, comets or using +the proper motion catalogs with an image. EPOCH must be a decimal year; +JD must be a decimal Julian Date; or DATE-OBS must be either in ISO +8601 +format (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS),  YYYY[/-]MM[/-]DD, or MM[/-]DD[/-]YY +where YY is assumed to be the number of years since 2000 if less than +50 otherwise years since 1900.
+
+In order to be displayed by XEphem, the header in a FITS file must +contain at least the mandatory fields SIMPLE, BITPIX, NAXIS, NAXIS1, +NAXIS2 and END. Only files with BITPIX 8 or 16 and NAXIS 2 are +supported. Both DSS PLATE headers and the traditional World +Coordinate System fields (CTYPE, CROTA, CRPIX, CDELT and CRVAL, 1 and +2) are supported. BSCALE and BZERO are not supported at this time.
+
+Note: XEphem treats the 16 +bit pixels as unsigned values from 0 through 65535, unlike the +standard which specifies they be treated as signed with values from +-32768 through 32767. XEphem assigns the coordinate [0,0] to be the +center of the first pixel in the file, unlike the standard which +specifies this position be at coordinate [1,1].
+
+
+Save as:
+
+
The image currently displayed, if any, +may be saved to disk as a FITS file. The file name is specified in +the text field provided. If Auto +name is turned on, a filename is automatically created derived +from the RA and Dec of the center of the image. An attempt is made to +preserve any existing directory and filename extensions, such that +the filename is constructed between the right-most '/' and the +right-most '.' characters, if possible. You may also type in your +own name.
+
+When an image is saved, its current contrast settings are added to +the FITS headers. If these fields are present when the file is +opened these settings will automatically be put back into effect. +See Contrast.
+
+
+File +watch:
+
+
This feature allows XEphem to +automatically discover and display FITS files that were created by +another program. When Watch is +turned on, XEphem will try to open the watch +file named in the text field provided here approximately once each +second and display the file named on the first line of the watch file. If successful XEphem +removes the watch file as a +means to handshake the image has been displayed.
+
+With this feature and the popularity of various networked file systems +(NFS, Samba, etc) it is quite reasonable to display images with +XEphem that were captured on an entirely different computer, or on +the same computer running camera control software unrelated to +XEphem.
+
+A further note to implementors: XEphem also supports the watch file being a fifo. In this +case, XEphem will open the fifo and block trying to read a path name up +to the first newline. There is no handshake in this case. The fifo +approach is actually a bit more efficient than the file approach +because no polling is required.
+
+ +

5.6.2 Image Analysis Tools

+The Sky Image Tools window offers several functions with which to +analyze the FITS file showing in the Sky View. There are a few sample +FITS files included with which to practice using the tools.
+
+The window is divided into several separate sections, each of which +can be opened and closed as desired. Always present at the top of the +window is a block of basic information about the image. The statistics +ignore a border of 8 pixels. The information shown is: file name; +width and height; value and location of brightest pixel; value of +dimmest pixel; mean, median and standard deviation of all pixels.
+
+Note two important differences +between XEphem and FITS: 1) XEphem treats the 16 bit image pixels as +unsigned values from 0 through 65535, unlike the FITS standard which +specifies they be treated as signed with values from -32768 through +32767. 2) XEphem image coordinates are one less than the FITS +standard. FITS defines the center of the first pixel in the file to be +at [1,1] while XEphem defines it to be at [0,0]. +

5.6.2.1 Brightness and +Contrast

+This +section controls the mapping between image pixels and screen colors. +It does not modify image pixels in any way.
+
+This section may +also +be opened using the button in the left Sky View toolbar that looks like +a circle filled with black on the right half.
+
+The top nine buttons offer shortcuts to set or adjust the image +appearance according to predefined algorithms.
+
+Reverse
+
+
toggles between assigning brightness +in +direct or inverse proportion to image pixel values.
+
+Narrow, Wide and Full
+
+
correspond to high, medium and low +contrast settings. These are implemented using increasingly broader +assignments of brightness about the mean pixel value in the image. +Narrow assigns full black and white to the mean ± 1/3 Std Dev. +Wide assigns black to mean - 1*StdDev and white to mean + 2*StdDev. +Full +assigns black to the smallest pixel and white to the largest pixel +in the entire image.
+
+Sharper and Duller
+
+
change contrast by changing the slope +of the pixel-to-brightness map to be steeper or flatter.
+
+Brighter and Darker
+
+
change the brightness by shifting the +center of the pixel-to-brightness map to higher or lower pixel +values.
+
+Nominal
+
+
ignores the statistical distribution +of +pixel values and sets the map entirely on the basis of the minimum +and maximum pixel.
+
+Low and Hi
+
+
are text fields in which one may type +(or paste) the exact pixel values to be assigned to black and white. +A new value takes effect when Enter is pressed. These fields also +always show the current settings installed by any of the shortcuts.
+
+Gammas
+
+
is set using the scale just above the +graph. The mapping from pixels to display colors is a power +function. Values of gamma less than 1 emphasize dark pixels, gamma +values greater than 1 emphasize bright pixels.
+
+The graph contains two +overlaid +plots. The horizontal axis for each plot is the same: the full range +of pixel values within the image, with lowest on the left. The orange line is a histogram of the +number of pixels with each value. The yellow +line indicates the brightness at which each pixel value will be +displayed on the screen. You may control the black and white limits of +the mapping function from the graph by dragging the red arrows at the top of the +diagram. +You may control gamma by sliding the scale ust above the graph.
+
+When XEphem saves an image, it adds three fields to the FITS header +to save the current contrast settings. When it loads an image, if +these fields are present they are used to restore the same display +contrast. If these fields are not present, the Wide setting is used. +These fields are: XELOGLUT: the pixel value assigned to black +XEHIGLUT: the pixel value assigned to white XEGAMMA: the value of +Gamma. +

5.6.2.2 Cross section Slice

+Opening +this section lets you use the mouse to drag a line across the image +and display the pixels along that line. The graph is labeled +vertically in pixel value, horizontally as pixel distance from the +starting point. The line begins where the left mouse button +is first depressed.
+
+
Full pixel range toggle when set scales the vertical +scale to the full range of pixel values in the image, else scales to +the pixel range from Lo to Hi as defined in the +Brightness and Contrast section.
+
+
+This section may +also +be opened using the button in the right Sky View toolbar that looks +like a slice of bread.
+ +

5.6.2.3 Magnifying Glass

+This +section gives control over and shows information about the pixels in +the magnifying glass.
+
+Click and hold the left mouse button as you roam over the image and +you will see an expanded view of the pixels. The Size and Magnifying power of the glass can be +set as desired using the two rows of toggle buttons. Note the numbers +on these buttons are in units of screen pixels, not image pixels. So +for example if you zoom in on an area the magnifying glass will expand +it correspondingly further.
+
+While roaming you +might want to turn on the Jump to Max button on the right hand toolbar. +It is the one with the bright dot in the center to which a meandering +arrow finally points. When this button is on, XEphem will begin at the +pixel under the real cursor and walk the gradient to the brightest +connected pixel. All processing proceeds as though this brightest +pixel is where the cursor really pointed.
+
+Statistics about the image pixels under the glass are shown in the +table. All values are in pixels, all locations are in image +coordinates. +Fractional image coordinates occur because the image is resized to fit +the window which results in rational values for the scale factors. If +you zoom in enough to clearly see individual image pixels, you can see +that the coordinate system for image pixels puts the integral position +in the center.
+
+The statistics in the table include:
+
+
    +
  • Size of the area under the glass;
    • +
  • Value and location of the center;
    • +
  • Value and location of the largest pixel under the glass;
    • +
  • Value of the minimum pixel;
    • +
  • Mean value of all glass pixels;
    • +
  • Median value of all glass pixels;
    • +
  • One Standard Deviation of the pixel values about the mean.
    • +
+
+
+Below the statistics box you can optionally open windows that plot +the row or column through the center of the glass. The horizontal axis +of each graph is in image pixels, the vertical is in image pixel +values.
+
+This section may +also +be opened using the button in the right Sky View toolbar that looks +like a box containing a few stars much larger than the others. +However, since the glass is useful in its own right, the toolbar +button only opens this section if the Image Tools window is already +up. Similarly, closing this section does not also turn off the toolbar +button.
+ +

5.6.2.4 Region of Interest

+This +section lets you use the mouse to draw a rectangle over the image and +get statistics about the pixels within this region. The area is the +same as that which can be used to specify a region in which to zoom.
+
+This section may also +be opened by the right toolbar button that looks like a boxdrawn around +a galaxy.
+
+The following statistics about the image pixels in the ROI are shown +in the table:
+
    +
  • Length of the diagonal;
    • +
  • Width and height of the region;
    • +
  • Value and location of the cursor as you draw the ROI;
    • +
  • Value and location of the largest pixel in the ROI;
    • +
  • Value of the minimum pixel;
    • +
  • Mean value of all ROI pixels;
    • +
  • Median value of all ROI pixels;
    • +
  • One Standard Deviation of the pixel values about the mean.
    • +
+
+
+
+ +

5.6.2.5 2D Gaussian +Measurements

+This +section is based on results of modeling stars with a 2 dimensional +Gaussian.
+
+The model finds the coefficients in the following function of pixel +coordinates x and y that minimizes the Chi square error with each +pixel in an area:
+
+
g(x,y) += B + A*exp(-0.5*(sqr((x-mx)/sx) + sqr((y-my)/sy)))
+
+where
+
mx is the row coordinate from some +reference position,
+my is the same for a column,
+sx is the standard deviation of the pixel values along a row,
+sy is the same for a column,
+A is the peak height of function ( = g(xm,ym) - g(inf,inf)),
+B is the mean of the row and column pixels.
+
+[mx,my] is then taken to be the location of the star, the volume as +proportional to A*sx*sy as a measure of its magnitude, and B a measure +of the mean noise level of the surrounding pixels.
+
+In practice, we find this method converges quickly and yields +positional results accurate to .2 pixel or so. Magnitudes and their +error estimates depend strongly on whether the image was ever +compressed, proper image correction, linearity of ADU counts with +brightness, and other factors. When these factors are properly +addressed, magnitude ratios seem to be good to .02 mag or so over +differences of several magnitudes.
+
+The text box shows the results of this fitting process on the image +pixels that are centered on the cursor and lie within the area defined +by the magnifying glass settings (whether or not the glass is actually +turned on). The numbers report the following:
+
    +
  • Relative magnitude difference and error estimate between the +current star and the reference star;
    • +
  • Position of the star, in image coordinates and in RA/Dec if WCS +header fields are present;
    • +
  • Full-width-half-max of the star in each dimension in pixels, +and in arc seconds if the image scale is known from header fields +CDELT1 and CDELT2;
    • +
  • The pixel value representative of the noise level base in the +area (B in the above equation);
    • +
  • The pixel value of the peak of the Gaussian fit (A+B in the +equation).
    • +
+If there is a number in the Reference +Mag text field, it is simply added to the magnitude reported. +The idea is to set this to the magnitude of a star (known by +independent means) and use that star as the reference for subsequent +comparison. Since the reference is now calibrated, magnitudes reported +will be absolute not just relative. Except under special situations, +the reference star will not be applicable to other images, although +XEphem does not prevent you from doing this.
+
+The reference star can be established in several ways.
+
+
One way is automatic in the sense that +if there is no current reference, the first star that is measured is +also automatically given the role as reference for subsequent +comparisons.
+
+
After any star has been measured, it +can be made the reference by clicking on New. Clicking Mark will draw a small circle in +the image around the current reference star in case you lose track +of it.
+
+
Another way to set the reference is to +use a catalog star. This is only possible, of course, if the header +includes WCS coordinates. Right-click on the catalog star in the Sky +View and choose the entry New Photom +ref. This will perform the Gaussian fit on the pixels at +that stars location in the image, and assign the Reference Magnitude +to the catalog value.
+
+This section of the +Sky image tools window can be opened by clicking on the button in the +right toolbar that looks like a Gaussian graph (or perhaps a large +nose).
+
+While measuring stars +you might want to turn on the Jump to Max button on the right hand +toolbar too. It is the one with the bright dot in the center to which +a meandering arrow finally points. When this button is on, XEphem will +begin at the pixel under the real cursor and walk the gradient to the +brightest connected pixel. All processing proceeds as though this +brightest pixel is where the cursor really pointed.
+

5.6.3 Registration
+

+This window lets you register, or align, one or more images to a +reference image. The motivation for this feature is to make a +movie of a moving object that has been captured in several images. +Load the reference image into a new Movie then +load each additional image after it is aligned.
+
+The alignment algorithm requires two stars that appear in each image. +Using two stars is the most general method of defining a 2D coordinate +system and is used for its robust performance. It is possible to use +just one star, but the technique requires the software to make +assumptions about matching features in the image. We feel the slightly +larger burden of defining two stars is worth the results. When choosing +the two reference stars, select stars that are well separated in both +rows +and columns, isolated from neighboring stars, moderately bright and +well +formed.
+
+To begin, load the reference image into Sky View and adjust the +contrast or other visual effects as desired. Then click the first +toggle in the window. The cursor will change over the Sky View to a +small cross. Place the cursor over one reference star and click; you +will see the Gaussian centroid image coordinates of the star +appear in the registration window for Star 1. Now choose a second +reference star and click again. You will see its coordinates appear for +Star 2, the cursor will revert back to the original style and the +toggle button will pop back out. If you ever want to change the +reference image choose different reference stars, you can turn on the +top +toggle again at any time and restart the procedure. This is a good time +to +delete any frames currently in the Movie tool and add the reference +image to form the first frame of a movie. +
+
+Now you can load a second image. Again, adjust contrast and so on as +desired. Click on the second toggle in the registration window and +proceed as before to click on the same two stars in the second +image. Be sure to click on the two stars in the same order, so that the +first star clicked when defining the reference stars is also the first +star clicked when working on the second image.
+
+As soon as the second star is clicked on the second image, the image +will be transformed using translation, scaling and rotation in such a +way as to align the two stars with their location in the reference +image. The contrast settings are preserved for you even though the +image +pixel statistics have changed due to the addition of new black pixels +where +the images do not overlap and the loss of pixels that do not fit over +the +reference image. If the results look useful, add it to the Movie.
+
+You may repeat the process of aligning additional images with the +reference image for as many images you like.
+
+Note that while either toggle is turned on in the registration window, +the other image analysis tools are temporarily disabled. Note also that +the algorithm used to transform the image to match the reference image +is +designed primarily for speed. The stars in the transformed image are a +little +distorted and we recommend you not use these images for precise +photometry or +astrometry.
+
+ +

5.6.4 WCS Solver

+This window controls a pattern matching +algorithm that attempts to +register the star-like artifacts in a FITS image with the entries in +any or all of the XEphem Field Star catalogs. See Field stars.
+
+The solver will be invoked automatically whenever a FITS file is +loaded whose header includes all the seed fields but does not already +have a WCS solution.
+
+
+ +
Rows +1-5: setting seed values
+
+
The first five rows seed the search +with approximate coordinates for the center of the image, the scale +of the image pixels in each direction, and a possible rotation. The +center must be known to within about one half the smaller of the image +width and height. The scale must be known to within about 10%. The +rotation seed need not be accurate at all, but better estimates will +result in vastly faster solution times. Indeed, better values for any +field will improve the solution speed and also reduce the chances of a +false solution.
+
+
Each of the fields may be typed or +pasted into the fields down the left. But often FITS files will +include fields which contain information suitable for this purpose. +In the column down the right you may enter the names of such fields. +Clicking the Use field button +in +a row will read the value from the header field named on the right and +install it into the field on the left of the same row, possibly after +some reformatting and change of units. Certainly not all forms are +supported so please take care to check for proper units and +formatting yourself. The default fields supplied are fairly common +and are known to work if you are lucky enough to have them in your +images.
+
+
Row +6: scanning the image for star-like artifacts
+
+
The next row contains two parameters +which control the algorithm that scans an image to extract what seem +to be reasonable candidates for stars, that presumably will also be +in a Field star catalog.
+
+
Burned +out: This parameter sets the largest pixel value (in the +range 0 .. 65535) a star may contain. Groups of pixels being +considered as a candidate star by the algorithm will immediately +reject the entire group if even one pixel is higher than this. The +idea here is that if a star is so bright as to be even a little burned +out, its centroided position is likely to be worse than not using it +at all. If you feel otherwise, set this to 65535 and no groups will +be rejected (at least for this reason).
+
+
S/N +ratio: This parameter sets the minimum signal-to-noise ratio +of a candidate star. The algorithm breaks an image into several +smaller regions and computes several statistics of all the pixels in +that region. In order for a group of pixels to be considered a star, +its +brightest pixel must be at least the median plus this parameter +multiplied by the standard deviation computed from the statistics of +the region in which it is located. Basically, the larger this +number, the more distinct the star must be.
+
+
Row +7: Setting realistic search goals
+
+
The bottom row contains two parameters +that effect the goal of the search algorithm.
+
+Max pix acc: This parameter +tells the search algorithm not to expect position information for +the star-like artifacts extracted from an image to be any better +than this fraction of a pixel.
+
+Min pix acc: This is the +worst pixel distance acceptable between each image star and its +closest catalog star.
+
+
Go +
+
+
Commences the search for a solution +using the image currently in the Sky View and the parameters in +the various fields above. If a solution is found, each star used +in the solution will be circled and statistics about the quality +of the solution will be presented. The WCS fields that +characterize the solution are written into the FITS header. If you like +the solution, Save the +image and this solution will be saved with the image and searching +will not be needed next time.
+
+
Mark stars
+
+
+
Clicking this button will draw a small +circle around each group of pixels in the image the algorithm +considers to be a star. Use this to choose good values for Burned +out and S/N ratio.
+
+
+WCS Solver Tutorial
+
+
The first step is to supply suitable seeds values for the +center of the image, the image scale and any suspected rotation. If the +FITS image header contains fields with these values, enter the names of +the fields in the spaces provided and they will be extracted +automatically when the image is loaded. If the header does not contain +this information, or the units are not correct, then seed values must +be entered manually in the fields provided. Note that the pixel scale +values must have the correct sign since the algorithm automatically +takes into account rotation but not flipping.
+
+The second step is to set the SNR value so that Marking stars finds +most of the brightest and well-formed star-like objects in the image, +without also finding bogus star candidates. Also, if the image was over +exposed so that very bright stars are washed out, eliminate these by +reducing the value for burned out stars.
+
+Once good stars are being marked, the last step is to indicate how +accurately star centroids can be determined and how accurate any +solution is likely to be using the bottom two fields of the form.
+
+Another issue is to use an appropriate field star catalog. More +stars  is not  necessarily better. For example, the GSC 2.2 +goes to mag 18 but also tends to have more bogus entries near very +bright stars. If your image contains a very bright star, take note of +the field stars that are near it; you might do better with the GSC 1.2 +than 2.2 catalogs.
+
+After adjusting any field, click Go. If a solution is found, the stars +used in the fit will be marked and statistics about the fit will be +displayed.
+
+This algorithm has proven to be very robust over the years. With a +little practice it can usually be made to work quite well.
+
+
+ +

5.7 Sky View Favorites +menu

+This brings up a menu of the current Favorite objects. Clicking an +entry will place a cross-hair over the object and activate the same +popup menu +that would appear if the object had been right-clicked over the map. +If the object is not +within the field of view the Sky View will be moved so the object is +centered. If Alt-Az mode is currently active and the object is below +the horizon, the view will not be changed and a message will suggest +the mode first be changed to RA-Dec. +Favorites may be managed from the Control » Favorites +window. See Favorites.
+
+ +

5.8 Sky View Telescope +menu

+The Telescope menu in Sky View +allows you to connect to and control a telescope and, if using the INDI +protocol, any other instrumentation whatsoever. The control can be +performed via a simple fifo connection, or a much more flexible INDI +interface. For a complete description of the INDI protocol, please +download the reference specification from http://www.clearskyinstitute.com/INDI/INDI.pdf. +Here we only describe the INDI configuration window, the INDI +control panel, testing the INDI system using the sample drivers, and +finally the  simple fifo interface.
+
+Regardless of which means is used to send a new position to a +telescope, the menu contains a history list of targets. Clicking on one +of these will send that target again. A button is available to erase +the list at any time.
+

5.8.1 INDI Test Drivers

+Beneath the source directory of XEphem is a directory tools/indi. +This contains several sample INDI drivers that together simulate an +entire observatory. Please read the README and follow the instructions +to build and run the sample drivers. This will allow you to perform a +live test of XEphem's INDI windows to be described next.
+

5.8.2 INDI Configuration +window

+The top row of this window contains two text fields by +which you to +specify the TCP/IP host and port name to which a connection is to be +made to an INDI driver or server. The default values are suitable for +running the test drivers mentioned above.
+
+The remaining rows define the mapping between internal XEphem +functionality and the external INDI devices. All information flows over +the INDI protocol based on Properties. Each property is defined as a +Device, a Property and an array of one or more Elements. The INDI +protocol does not +prescribe the names or the meanings of Properties, it is up to the +client and servers to agree. Recommended practice will evolve as +community participation matures. The sample drivers supplied with +XEphem make some possible choices for properties and names.
+
+The default settings in the Configuration window are the correct +mappings for these sample drivers. The idea is to specify the +Device.Property.Element that corresponds to each purpose. The +Configuration window also allows entering a multiplier and offset that +is applied to the INDI value to compute the value in units used within +XEphem. For example, the units for Mount.EQUATORIAL_COORD.RA are hours +but XEphem +wants this value in radians, hence the multiplier set to 0.2617993. +When connecting to drivers for which the +name mapping is not yet known, one technique for discovering their +Properties is to watch the INDI Control Panel (described next) for each +new Property that is reported when connecting toan INDI server.
+
+One of the options is whether to display a marker at the +telescope position on the Sky View. Below this ia a toggle button to +specify whether the Sky +View will automatically Recenter in order to keep the telescope +Marker in the +field of view. The option applies both to INDI and fifo marker +commands. When Recenter is On, then the telescope Marker is +automatically turned off whenever the Sky View is manually adjusted +(the rationale being that one will most likely not want the Sky View to +bounce back to the telescope position after having been manually +changed).
+
+Note that the sample drivers do not support all XEphem functionality. +For example, the sample drivers do not support being sent a new time +and date. This is included in XEphem in case it is useful someday for +some other driver and to illustrate how XEphem stores dates internally +as a modified Julian date, ie, with an offset of 2415020 removed.
+

5.8.3 INDI Control Panel

+This window shows the realtime operation of an INDI +server. It is +divided into a top and bottom section. The proportion of screen space +used by each half may be controlled using the sash control located +just about the bottom scrolled area.
+
+The top half is a scrolled text area that shows the status messages +arriving from each device. Each message is preceded with a time stamp, +followed by the Device followed by the message text. The Erase +button will permanently remove all messages from the scrolled text. +Clicking on the Trace to button will append the current set of +messages to the file named in the text field to the right and append +all further messages to this file until tracing is turned off.
+
+The bottom half shows each INDI Device, Property and Element to which +XEphem is connected. Each Device may be expanded or collapsed to +control screen space. The entire list can be scrolled up and down. The Connect +button controls whether XEphem will connect to the INDI device whose +host and port are defined in the INDI Configuration window. If a +connection is successful, each of the reported Properties will appear +in the bottom scrolled area.
+
+Under each Device is a list of its Properties. Each INDI Property may +be in one of four states: Idle, Ok, Busy and Alert. These are shown as +a light to the left of the Property colored gray, green, yellow and +red, respectively. To the left of each Device is also a light, colored +the same the highest activity color of any of its Properties. In this +way the status of the most active Property can be determined even when +a Device is collapsed in the window.
+
+INDI Properties can be one of four types. These are Numeric, Text, +Switches and Lights. The first three may be read-write or read-only. A +light is always considered read-only (set only by the Device, not by +the operator). Each Element of each Property is shown on one line. The +left side of the line is the label. Following the label is the current +value and, if read-write, followed by a text field for entering a new +value. Read-write Properties will have a push button to the left of +their name to set a new value; pressing Return in the text field will +also set a new value. Switches will show each switch with their label. +Switches may be defined to operate according to the rules one-of-many, +any-of-many and at-most-one.
+
+
+

5.8.4 FIFO Control

+Completely separate from the INDI interface, Sky View implements two +simple +fifos for communicating with a telescope control dæmon or other +processes or scripts. Each fifo must be in either the +Private +or +Shared +directory. +
    +
  1. Inbound: A marker may be placed on the Sky View by +writing a text string to the fifo named fifos/xephem_in_fifo. +The format allows for sending either equatorial or horizon coordinates. +To send an equatorial coordinate, the format is "RA:X Dec:Y", +where X +and Y are in radians at epoch 2000.0. To send a horizon coordinate, the +format +is "Alt:X Az:Y", where X and Y are in radians. The Sky View +center pointing position will be changed if necessary to make the +marker +visible. XEphem attempts to open this fifo each time the Sky View +window is +opened and closes it when the view is closed.
    +
    +
    2. +
  2. Outbound: If a process has the fifo named fifos/xephem_loc_fifo +open for reading when the Sky View popup menu is activated, then the +menu will +offer a button to send the cursor position to this fifo. The format is +the +same as a line in .edb format. If it is not already open XEphem +attempts to +open this fifo each time the popup is activated, and leaves it open +until +writing to it fails. Each position sent to the fifo is added to the +Telescope history list.
    +
    3. +
+ +

5.9 Sky View History menu

+This is the Sky View History control window. All Sky View Options, +Filter settings and pointing values may be saved in a History entry to +make it easy to configure the same way again at a later time. The Edit +pushbutton in the History pulldown menu brings up this window. The +additional pushbuttons in the History pulldown menu correspond to each +defined History entry and make it easy to apply any one history entry +without opening the History control window.
+
+The control window shows the current set of History entries, one per +line. The left portion of each line contains several controls, +described below. The center portion summarizes the entry, showing the +display mode, coordinate system, center position and field of view. The +right portion provides a text field to give the entry a name. This is +the name which appears in the History pulldown menu.
+
+
+The controls for each History entry are as follows:
+
+
Apply
+
puts the entry into effect, in the +same way as choosing it from the pulldown menu.
+
+ Up
+ Down
+
moves the entry up or down in the list.
+
+ Delete
+
+
removes the given entry.
+
+ Replace
+
+
replaces the entry with the current +Sky View settings.
+
+
+The buttons across the bottom allow for +additional control of the History list as a whole:
+
+
Add
+
+
captures the current Sky View +settings +and creates a new History entry. A default name will be created but +you should probably change it to something more descriptive if you +plan to Save the list.
+
+ Save
+
+
writes all of the current History +entries to a file. The file name is xephem_skyhist +and will be created in the Private +directory. You really don't want to know the format of this file.
+
+ Load
+
+
reads an existing file of History +entries that has been previously Saved and makes them the current +set.
+
+

5.10 Sky View Binary Star Map

+This window displays a map of a +binary +star system and a matching ephemeris. It is displayed from the popup +that appears when the mouse is right-clicked over a binary object in +the Sky View.
+
+The map is at left, oriented with equatorial N up and E left, as on the +unaided sky. Each star is drawn in a color according to its spectral +class. The primary star is drawn at the center. A scale at the bottom +shows the sky dimensions of the plot.
+
+If complete orbital elements are available, one orbit is plotted at +equal time intervals marked by small dots. The largest dot in the orbit +marks the position of the secondary nearest to the current XEphem time, +medium size dots mark other locations each ten steps.
+
+If only discrete positions for the secondary are known, the plot is +simply one dot for each.
+
+The table on the right lists the position of each plotted secondary +position. The columns are the dot number, year, separation in arc +seconds and +position +angle as degrees East of North. The separation and position angle at +the current XEphem time are available in the More info pull-right menu in the Sky +View popup.
+
+The Print button will print the map and the list.
+
+
+

6.0 Tools menu

+The tools menu provides access to a variety of functions.
+
+ +

6.1 Plot values

+ +This window controls the plot generation and display +functionality of XEphem. You may select most numeric information +displayed throughout XEphem, in pairs, to form x/y coordinates of a +plot. You may select up to 40 such pairs. You then specify a file in +which to write the plot information. XEphem adds one line of +information +to the file for each x/y pair each Update iteration step. XEphem can +then plot any such file on the screen.
+
+Selecting data to plot
+
+
Click the toggle labeled Select fields to plot to make each +field in the other windows that are eligible for plotting appear as +a pushbutton. Select each such button as desired to form the x or y +component of a plot. As you make the selections, they are listed in +the table. Use the Undo button +to make changes. You may also associate a tag with each line, up to 8 +characters in length. These tags will be included in the plot display +for identification later. Once all the field choices have been made you +may return all the windows to their normal operational appearance by +deselecting the same toggle button.
+
+
+Saving +and restoring a plot configuration
+
+ +
To save this configuration so it can +be +loaded later, specify a file name and click Save config file. It will be saved +in the Private directory. The plot +entries will be savde in addition to the plot title field. The +extension for plot configuration files must be .ptc and will be added automatically +if left off. A configuration file may be +loaded by selecting it from the option popup menu to the right of Load config file. The menu will list +all files that reside in the Shared and Private directories with +extension .ptc. Note that reloading a configuration only recreates the +Plot's tag, x and y description; to be useful, the fields to which the +reloaded configuration refers must be made active independently.
+
+
+Specifying the plot file name and title
+
+
Type the name of the file to be used +to +contain the plot information in the text field provided. The +extension must be .plt and +will be added automatically if left off. When +XEphem first needs to write to the file, it will first check for the +existence of the file and, if it already exists and the +Confirmations Preferences is On, +ask +whether you wish to append to the file or overwrite it.
+
+
+
Enter a short title for the plot information in +the +text field provided. When XEphem first writes to a plot file, it +will place the contents of the title text field, if it is not empty, +into the file as a comment. All lines within a plot file that do not +begin with an alphanumeric character are considered comments and are +ignored. If the first line of a file is a comment, XEphem will use +it as the title when it displays the plot.
+
+
+Generating the plot entries
+
+ +
Once the fields have been specified +and +the plot file named and titled, you may select the Create plot file toggle button when +ready. Now each time XEphem goes through one Update iteration the +values +you have selected and their tags will be written to the plot file. +Note that when plotting is activated, XEphem does not update the +screen until the N Steps count in the Main window looping section goes to 1. This greatly +speeds the creation of plot files by avoiding screen updates. If you +wish to watch each iteration, set N Steps to 1 and click the Update +button manually for each iteration.
+
+Once all the desired data has been entered into the plot file, toggle +the plot button back off to flush all data and close the file. The +windows that contain each of the fields used in the plot need not be +visible while the plot is being generated. However, each field must +be active, for example its row and column must be selected if they +are in the Data table.
+
+
+Viewing plot files
+
+ +
Existing plot files may be viewed by +choosing it in the menu to the right of Show +plot file. The menu will list all files that reside in the +Shared and Private directories with extension .plt. As many different +plot files may be viewed simultaneously as desired. Each plot has +separate controls for flipping the X and Y axes and for turning on +and off a reference coordinate grid. The position under the cursor is +displayed above the top of the plot. The XEphem distribution kit +includes a sample plot file of the analemma.
+
+
+
+ +

6.2 List values

+  This window controls the +list generation functionality of XEphem. The fields you select define +columns of a table written to a file as XEphem runs. The text in +these columns looks exactly like their corresponding fields on the +XEphem windows and so are more familiar and readable than the entries +in plot files. They are designed to be used in +further text processing operations or printed as-is. Two spaces are +placed between each column.
+
+Selecting data to list
+
+ +
Select the Select fields toggle button to +make each field in the other windows that are eligible for listing +appear as a pushbutton. Select each such button as desired to define +each column of the listing. As you make the selections, they are +listed in the table here. Use the Undo +bottom to make changes. Once all the column choices have been made +return all the windows to their normal operational appearance by +deselecting the same toggle button.
+
+Saving and restoring a plot configuration
+
+ +
To save this configuration so it can +be +loaded later, specify a file name and click Save config file. It will be saved +in the Private +directory. The name of each list item will be saved in addition to the +column and latex options and title field. The extension for list +configuration files must be .lsc +and will be added automatically if left off. +A configuration file may be loaded by selecting it from the option +popup menu to the right of Load +config file. The menu will list all files that reside in the +Shared and Private directories with extension .lsc. Note that reloading +a configuration only recreates the Listing fields; to be useful, the +fields to which the reloaded configuration refers must be made active +independently.
+
+
+ Specifying the listing file name and +format
+
+ +
Type the name of the file to be used to +contain the listing in the text field provided. When XEphem first +needs to write to the file, it will first check for the existence of +the file and, if it exists, ask whether you wish to append to the +file or overwrite it.
+
+Choose to print the file in LaTeX +table format by pressing the given button before beginning to list to +the file.
+
+When column headings are +turned +on, they are written to the output file each time the file is +opened.
+
+ +
All lines within a listing file that +do +not begin with an alphanumeric character are considered comments and +are ignored. When XEphem first writes to a listing file, it will +place the contents of the title +text area, if it is not empty, into the file as a comment for your +convenience.
+
+Generating the listing entries
+
+ +
Once the fields have been specified +and +the listing file named and titled, if desired, select the Create list file toggle button. Now +each time XEphem goes through one iteration the values you have +selected +will be written to the file. Note that when listing is activated, +XEphem +does not update the screen until the N Steps count in the Main window looping section goes to 1. This greatly +speeds +the creation of plot files by avoiding screen updates. If you wish +to watch each iteration, set N Steps to 1 and click the Update +button manually for each iteration.
+
+Once all the desired data have been entered into the listing file, +toggle the list button back off to flush all data and close the +file. The windows that contain each of the fields used in the +listing need not be visible while the list is being generated. +However, each field must be active, for example its row and column +must be selected if they are in the Data table.
+

6.3 Solve equation

+This +window controls the automatic equation solving facility. You define an +arithmetic or boolean function, using most of the fields XEphem +displays, then XEphem will automatically evaluate the function and +adjust the time on each iteration to solve for the goal. To set up a +function to solve, follow these steps: Enter a function, Compile it, +Select a goal, Set the desired accuracy, Enable solving, Start the +solving process. Each of these steps is described below.
+
+Entering the function
+
+ +
The function may be any arithmetic +expression, in C-language syntax. All of C's comparison, logical and +arithmetic operators are supported as well as several common +arithmetic functions. The complete list is:
+
+
+ - * / +&& || > >= == != < <= abs floor sin cos tan asin +acos atan degrad raddeg pi log log10 exp sqrt pow atan2
+

+The function is entered into the text line provided. It may utilize +most of the fields from the other XEphem windows. Press the Enable field buttons button to +make each available field a button. Where ever a field is desired in +the function, position the text insertion cursor at the desired +position and select the field; its name will be inserted into the +function text. When you are finished defining the function, turn off +the field button appearance by selecting the Enable button again.
+
+Compiling the function
+
+ +
Once the function has been created as +desired, it must be compiled by selecting the Compile button (or by pressing the +Enter key on your keyboard). If there are any errors, a diagnostic +message will appear just below the function. Once a function has +been successfully compiled, the message will read No compile errors. +If the function is modified, a message will remind you that it has +not been compiled. Each time a function is successfully compiled, +XEphem updates all fields and evaluates the function. As explained +below, this can be used as an astronomical calculator even when not +actually solving anything.
+
+Selecting a goal
+
+ +
You may choose from any of four +evaluation algorithms, as selected by the trio of radio buttons. Find Maximum and Find Minimum +will solve for a maxima +or minima of the function, respectively. Find 0 +will solve for a time when the function evaluates to zero. Binary will keep incrementing time +by Step until the state of the function +changes, then do a binary search to find the exact time when the +function changes state. Binary search interprets a function that +evaluates to zero to be in one state and all other values to be the +opposite state. Generally, binary functions are comprised of logical +operators at their outermost expression levels.
+
+Specifying the desired accuracy
+
+ +
Searching will automatically stop when +the time changes by less than the desired accuracy value. Note that +this method of detecting convergence is not based on the value of +the search function itself.
+
+Enabling the solver
+
+ +
Once the function is defined and it +compiles without errors, you may enable searching for a solution by +selecting the button at the top labeled Solving is Active. Then, +referring now to the looping section of +the +Main window, each time an Update occurs the solution advances by one +time step until either N Steps iterations have occurred or until +Step becomes less than Accuracy. The initial time and step size are set +from the Main window, and are adjusted automatically as the solution +proceeds. Note that by setting N Steps to 1 and repeatedly selecting +Update you can effectively single-step the process. Solving will +automatically turn off when convergence is detected, the function is +edited or you may turn it off manually at any time by clicking +Solver is Active back off.
+
+
+Saving +and restoring a solver configuration
+
+ +
To save the Function, Goal and +Accuracy +so it can be loaded later, specify a file name and click Save to. It will be saved in the Private directory. The extension for +solver configuration files must be .svc +and will be added automatically if left off. +A configuration file may be loaded by selecting it from the option +popup menu to the right of Load file. +The menu will list all files that reside in the Shared and Private +directories with extension .svc. Note that reloading a solver +configuration only recreates the solving conditions; to be useful, the +fields to which the reloaded Function refers must be made active +independently.
+
+
+Additional notes on using the +equation solver:
+
+When selecting fields for plotting or listing a button appears labeled Use for plotting. You may select +this button to use the evaluated function as an item in the plot or +listing feature. Note that the function may be used in plotting or +listing whether or not actual solving is turned on.
+

The windows which contain the fields used in the function being +solved need not be visible while solving is in progress. However, the +field must be active, for example their row and column must be +selected if they are in the Data table.

+

The Close button removes +the Solving window from the screen; it does not effect actual solver +operation in any way.

+

A successfully compiled function is evaluated each time XEphem +updates. Whenever the function is compiled it is also evaluated using +freshly updated values. In this way, the Solve window can actually be +used as an arbitrary astronomical calculator at any time, whether or +not solving is actually active.

+

Solving periodic functions can lead to solutions far from the +intended range. You will get best results if you can start the search +near the expected answer and with a modest step size that will reach +the the +nominal solution within a few steps. You can use the plotting +feature to +study +a function and get an idea of the solution, then use the solver +feature to zero in.
+

+

Each plot file may be added to a movie loop or +overlayed with text or graphical annotation +using the menu items in the Control menu of each plot.
+

+ +

6.4 Find close pairs

+This +window allows you to scan the list of objects currently in memory +brighter than a given magnitude for all pairs which are separated by +less than a given angular distance. Separations will be topocentric or +geocentric depending on the Equatorial Preference +in the Main menubar. The scan does not include field +stars.
+
+These are the essential steps:
+
    +
  1. Set the desired maximum separation, in degrees, and faintest +magnitude.
    +
    2. +
  2. Set other options via the Options menu, described below.
    3. +
  3. Start the scan via the Run button in the Control menu.
    4. +
  4. When the scan completes, all pairs meeting the criteria will +appear in the scrolled list.
    +
    5. +
+The columns in the list are:
+
    +
  • Object 1 Magnitude
    • +
  • Object 1 Name
    • +
  • Object 2 Magnitude
    • +
  • Object 2 Name
    • +
  • Separation, in Degrees:Minutes:Seconds
    +
    • +
+The entries are sorted in increasing order of separation. The total +number of pairs found and current conditions are reported above the +list and the time when the scan was performed is indicated in the time +stamp label below the list.
+
+ +

6.4.1 Close Pairs Control +menu

+Run
+
+
This performs one scan. The XEphem +cursor will change to the Watch shape until the scan is complete at +which time the results appear in the scrolled list.
+
+Sky Point
+
+
This will place a cross-hair over the +first object of the selected pair on the Sky View,  +re-aiming if it is currently not in the field. Either select the +pair in the list then press this button, or double-click on the +pair in the list. (These commands do nothing if the Sky View is not +currently up.)
+
+List to file...
+
+
This selection allows writing the +current list to a file. A window is presented which allows you to enter +a file name. The file is written when you click Ok.
+
+The format of the file begins with a header line that captures the +conditions in effect when the set of close objects was built. +Following the header, there is one line per pair with exactly the +same information as appears in the window list.
+
+Close
+
+
This closes the Close Pairs window. +Note that the Auto run option +is +disabled when the window is closed.
+ +

6.4.2 Close Pairs Options +menu

+Auto run
+
+
When this option is active, a scan for +close objects is performed automatically each time an Update is +commanded from the Main window. The prior list is discarded each +time. The scans are not performed if the Close Pairs window is closed.
+
+Auto list
+
+
When this option is active, the +results +of each scan are automatically appended to the file last specified +in the List to file window. +This +works whether the scan was performed explicitly via the Control » Run command +here +or implicitly via an Update from the Main window and the Auto run option is active.
+
+Omit fixed pairs
+
+
When this option is active, pairs of +Fixed objects are not listed.
+
+
+Omit planet's own moons
+
+ +
When this option is active, pairs for +which both objects are part of the same planetary system are not listed.
+
+ +

6.4.3 Close Pairs Algorithm

+
The sky dome is broken into bands of +constant Dec with height equal to the given separation. The database +is scanned once and each object brighter than the given limit is +dealt into its band and the one adjacent in the direction of the +North pole. Each band is then sorted by RA. Each band is then +scanned for close pairs, with rapid cutoff detection due to the +sort. The final list is then sorted by separation, and displayed.
+
+Total time is strongly influenced by the number of pairs in the result. +So when using wide separations it helps to use relatively bright +limiting magnitudes.
+
+

+

6.5 Night at a Glance

+ This +window displays a 24 hour period with local midnight in the center.
+
+Across the bottom is a scale marking local dates and time and UTC time, +at each even hour. The current XEphem time is marked with a thin +vertical line.
+
+The background gray shading shows when the Sun is up, down and periods +of twilight. The twilight period matches the Sun Dip setting in the +Main window Night section.
+
+Overlayed on the gray background is one horizontal line for each Favorite. The lines show when the object is +above the horizon, the altitude of which is defined in the View » Data Table » +Control » Setup horizon parameter. The lines on the +diagram +pack closer together as the number of objects to display increases; if +things get too crowded try turning off some of the Favorites.
+
+NAAG Control menu
+
+
One +color toggles whether objects are drawn all in one color or +according to their Sky View colors.
+
+Print...
+Favorites...
+User annotation...
+Add to movie...
+
+These buttons provide convenient access to these facilities.
+
+NAAG mouse
+ +

+Right-clicking near an object's line will pop up a menu +containing its rise, transit and set data. This information is +with respect to the day in which the click occurred.
+
+If the mouse is clicked far from any object, then just the time at that +horizontal position is presented.
+
+The menu always includes a button showing the exact moment +corresponding to the mouse click position. Clicking the button sets the +main XEphem time to this moment.
+
+
+An interesting exercise is to set up a time loop with a Step size of +a few days and watch how the rise and set times of objects and the +amount and timing of night time are effected throughout the year.
+
+
+ +

6.6 Coordinate converter

+ This window performs simple conversions +among several common astronomical coordinate systems. Simply edit (or +paste) any coordinate and the others will update immediately. All +fields are in units of Degrees except RA is in Hours. Fields may be +entered in either sexagesimal or decimal format. For example, either +10:30:00 or 10.5.
+
+Altitude and Azimuth are with respect to the time and location set in +the Main window. These will change to correspond to the RA and Dec +values if an Update is performed.
+
+The top row are astrometric RA and Dec precessed to the given equinox +year, or enter EOD for apparent coordinates at the current epoch. +Unlike the other fields, edits to the equinox field only take effect +on Enter.
+
+The next row are RA and Dec using whatever is set in the Main Window.
+
+The controls across the bottom perform as follows
+
+
Close
+
Closes this window
+ Sky Point
+
Centers the Sky View at the current coordinates.
+ Eyepiece
+
Places an eyepiece in the Sky View at the coordinates +shown. The Sky View is not recentered. In order to be drawn the Sky +View +Eyepieces Option must be turned on.
+ Get Sky
+
Loads each field from the current center position of the +Sky View.
+ Canonize
+
Reformats each field in a consistent manner for easier +viewing.
+
+ +

6.7 Observers +logbook

+This +tool lets you store observing circumstances and notes. It is typically +used when making observations at the +telescope.
+
+When this window is open, the popup you get when right-clicking on an +object in the Sky View will contain a selection Add to logbook. Clicking on this +choice will automatically fill in the top section of fields in the +logbook pertaining to +observing +circumstances and object information. To these fields you may add your +own Notes in the scrolled text +area at +the bottom, and equipment or User +defined fields if desired.
+
+There are two interesting controls available across the bottom as +follows:
+
+ +
List
+
+
This brings up a scrolled list showing +all entries in the logbook whose fields match those selected in the S +column. The field may contain glob patterns +for a textual match or be +preceded with < or > for a numerical range match. Only those +fields selected with the L column will be +shown, and they may be sorted by the field selected in the K +column.
+
+You may Save the resulting scrolled list to a text file using +the +file name field provided. Right-clicking on an entry in the scrolled +list will mark the location of that log entry in the Sky View based on +its RA2000 and Dec2000 field values.
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
Add
+
+
This will add the current record to +the +logbook file. In keeping with the convention that log books are written +in ink, there is no mechanism provided for editing or removing existing +entries. Of course, one may always edit the log file independently.
+
+
+File format
+
+The Observers logbook is a text file in XML format. The format should +be pretty self-explanatory. The file name is xelogbook.xml in the Private +directory. The entire logbook is +contained in one XML element tagged xelogbook +with a version attribute 1.1. +Each log entry is in an element tagged logentry. +Within each logentry is +one element named the same as the label in the window, sans spaces if +any. The date fields are stored in the user's preferred format.
+
+
+
+

6.8 Movie +loop

+The Movie tool allows you to capture any +number of View, Night at a Glance or Plot windows and collect them into a movie. The +frames of the movie can be viewed one at a time or you can set the rate +to change from one frame to next automatically. There are many uses for +this type of function. For example, you could make small changes in +time and make a series showing the movement of an asteroid through the +solar system. Or use it to quickly blink between two FITS images, one +with and one without a potentially new supernova. You might find the Image Registration feature useful to make these +images.
+
+The Control menu has entries to Delete current frame or +Delete all frames of the movie. You may also Save the +frames to individual PNG files. You must specify a prefix then each +file name will be of the format prefixnnn.png where nnn will be +a sequence number starting with 000. The files will be located in the Private directory. XEphem does not save +the frames directly as an actual movie because there are many such +formats and other tools available to collect the files into a movie in +your preferred format. For example, you could convert the PNG files +into GIF files using pngtopnm and ppmtogif tools +from the netpbm +toolkit then make an +animated gif using whirlgif +or gifsicle. +Another possibility is to use convert which is part of the +ImageMagick +collection. Check your system before looking too far, these tools are +often +already installed on many UN*X systems.
+
+Sliding the Frame selection scale will display the indicated +frame. Step +1 and -1 will advance or back up by one +frame. Frames may also be changed automatically by sliding the Frames +per second scale to the desired rate. Changing the displayed frame +manually by any means will automatically reset the frame rate back to +zero. When moving through the frames automatically and encountering the +last frame in the series, the sequence can either reverse and show each +frame back towards the first or jump back to the first and move +forwards again, depending on the Bounce toggle button.
+
+Each window whose contents may be added to a Movie will have an entry +somewhere in its menu bar named "Add to movie". All such windows also +support a short cut of typing Control-m to add the window to the Movie, +so long as the cursor focus is located within the desired window.
+

7.0 Data menu

+The Data menu offers several means to load, search and update the +files XEphem uses for storing objects.
+
+ +

7.1 Files

+ This +window allows you to load and delete database files to and from memory. +These objects form what is referred to as the XEphem database. These do +not +include the field stars.
+
+Click the Files menu to scan the Private +and Shared directories and pop up a list of all .edb and .tle files +found therein. Click on a file to load it into XEphem memory.
+
+The top section of the window displays a count of each major type of +object and the total number in the database. The counts include Favorites that are not also in the database.
+
+The bottom section lists the catalogs which are currently loaded and +the number of new objects they contributed to memory. Buttons to the +left of each catalog allow the catalog to be Deleted from memory and to display +the Header of the catalog.
+
+The current list of loaded catalogs may be saved so it becomes the +ones automatically loaded when XEphem starts. To do so, go to Preferences » Save and Save the XEphem.DBInitialFiles resource under the +Data Base category.
+
+

7.1.1 Files Control menu

+Index...
+ +
This is a handy shortcut to open the object +index.
+
+Delete all
+ +
This deletes all loaded data. The files on disk are not +effected.
+Reload all
+
This reloads all catalogs currently loaded. This is handy +when catalogs have been updated on disk, perhaps by some by some +automatic means.
+Open DB Fifo
+ +
Listen for database objects arriving via a fifo from +another process. XEphem attempts to reopen the fifo each time the +button +is pressed. The file name of this fifo is "fifos/xephem_db_fifo" in either the +Private or Shared directory. All relevant displays are automatically updated +when data arrives via this fifo. The format of the fifo data is +exactly the same as for any XEphem database file. Due to the way the +fifo data is read and processed, it is important that each line be +terminated with a newline; incomplete last lines can result in loss +of information.
+Make Favorite when read 1
+ +
If this toggle is on then when a new database file is +loaded and it defines exactly one object, it will also be assigned to +the list of Favorites. This feature also +applies for files loaded when XEphem first starts.
+
+Check alternate names
+
This toggle turns on or off support for XEphem 3.6's new +support for alternate names. It is motivated entirely by performance. +Recording alternate names and checking for duplicates is quite +expensive and +if not needed can speed up loading and deleting catalogs significantly. +If this toggle is On then when a new database +catalog is loaded each entry's alternate names, if any, will be checked +for +already being loaded and not loaded if found, and new alternates will +be +stored for display and subsequent checking. If this toggle is Off, only +the +first name of each entry is stored and no duplicate names are checked. +Note that even when this option is Off, deleting a catalog still +requires +XEphem to remove all alternate names that might have been recorded when +the +catalog was loaded, so the full performance advantage is only achieved +if this +option was off when each catalog is loaded.
+
+
+Close
+
Closes the Data Base window. +
+

7.1.2 File format

+This section describes the format of an XEphem database file. The +file name extension is .edb. See the next section for files containing +two-line Earth satellite elements.
+

7.1.2.1 General format +rules
+

+
    +
  • Each object occupies one line in the file.
    • +
  • The order of objects in a file does not matter.
    • +
  • Lines beginning with anything other than a-z, A-Z or 0-9 are +ignored and may be used for comments.
    • +
  • Lines are separated into Fields using commas (,).
    • +
  • Fields may be further subdivided into Subfields with vertical +bars (|).
    • +
  • All date fields may be in either of two forms:
    • +
+
+
    +
  1. month/day/year, where day may contain a fractional portion. +examples: 1/1/1993 and 1/1.234/1993 . Note the format of dates in +database files is always M/D/Y, regardless of the current XEphem +Date format Preference setting; or
    +
    +
    2. +
  2. the year as real number as indicated by the presence of a +decimal point, such as 1993.123.
    +
    3. +
+
+

7.1.2.2 Format Details

+
The first two fields are required and +are always Name and Type. Remaining fields depend on Type.
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Field 1
+ 		One or more object names, each +separated by the Subfield separator, |. Any number of characters may be +present in the file but XEphem only uses the first 20 characters of +each name and only the first 20 names.
+
Field 2 Type designation. Consists of a +single letter designation from the following set (case is significant):
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
f
+ 		fixed (or at most exhibits +constant curvilinear proper motion)
e
+ 		heliocentric elliptical +orbit
h
+ 		heliocentric hyperbolic +orbit
p
+ 		heliocentric parabolic +orbit
E
+ 		geocentric elliptical +orbit, i.e., Earth satellite
P
+ 		built-in planet or natural +satellite name
+
+
+
If +Field 2 is +f the object is fixed and +the +following fields and subfields are defined:
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ 		SubField 2A An optional SubField 2A can be +added to further define an object class code, consisting of +one character from the following list:
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
A
+ 		Cluster of galaxies
B
+ 		Star, binary. Deprecated +as of version 3.6, gets turned into D internally. Use Field 2 +type B if more than one position angle and separation or +orbital elements are +known.
+
C
+ 		Cluster, globular
D
+ 		Star, visual double
F
+ 		Nebula, diffuse
G
+ 		Galaxy, spiral
H
+ 		Galaxy, spherical
J
+ 		Radio
K
+ 		Nebula, dark
L
+ 		Pulsar
M
+ 		Star, multiple
N
+ 		Nebula, bright
O
+ 		Cluster, open
P
+ 		Nebula, planetary
Q
+ 		Quasar
R
+ 		Supernova remnant
S
+ 		Star
T
+ 		Stellar object
U
+ 		Cluster, with nebulosity
Y
+ 		Supernova
+
V
+ 		Star, variable
+

+ 		SubField 2BIf SubField 2A is one of T, B, +D, S or V, optional SubField 2B may consist of up to two spectral +designation characters, typically one letter followed by one numerical +subclass designator. Two examples are O and G3.

+
+ 		If SubField 2A is any other +class code, optional SubField 2B may consist of up to two additional +characters to further describe the type.
+
Field 3 Astrometric RA +position coordinate in equinox given by Field 6 always at epoch 2000, given as H:M:S.

+ 		SubField 3AThis optional subfield may +specify a proper motion in RA. It is in milliarcseconds per +year on the sky, i.e., ΔRA*cos(dec).
Field 4Astrometric Declination +position coordinate in equinox given by Field 6 always at epoch 2000, given as D:M:S.

+ 		SubField 4AThis optional subfield may +specify a proper motion in Dec. It is in milliarcseconds per +year on the sky
Field +5
+ 		Magnitude +of the object.
Field +6
+ 		This +optional field is the reference epoch. It is assumed to be +2000 if absent
+
+
+

+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Field 7 depends on SubField 2A
If SubField 2A is G +or H
Field +7
+ 		Galaxy +major axis, in arcseconds

+ 		SubField 7AGalaxy minor axis, in arcseconds

+ 		SubField 7BMajor axis position angle, in +degrees East of North
If Subfield 2A is B +or D
Field +7star +pair separation, in arcseconds
+

+ 		SubField 7Areserved, set to 0

+ 		SubField 7Bposition angle, in degrees East +of North
Otherwise Field 7 is +optional but if present
Field +7size of +the object, in arcseconds. It is assumed to be 0 if absent.
+
+
+
+
If +Field 2 is +B the object is a true +binary pair and +the +following fields and subfields are defined.
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ 		SubField 2A An optional SubField 2A can be +added to further define an binary class code, consisting of +one character from the following list. This scheme is taken from the +Washington Multiplicity catalog for compliance with the IAU 2003 +recommendation.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
a
+ 		Astrometric binary
+
c
+ 		Cataclysmic variable
+
e
+ 		Eclipsing binary
+
x
+ 		High-mass X-ray binary
+
y
+ 		Low-mass X-ray binary
+
o
+ 		Occultation binary
+
s
+ 		Spectroscopic binary
+
t
+ 		Single-line spectroscopic +binary
+
u
+ 		Double-line spectroscopic +binary
+
v
+ 		Spectrum binary
+
b
+ 		Visual binary
+
d
+ 		Visual binary with common proper motion
+
q
+ 		Visual binary - optical
+
r
+ 		Visual binary - physical
+
p
+ 		Exoplanet
+
+

+ 		SubField 2BUp to two characters to specify +the spectral class of the primary star, typically one letter followed +by one numerical subclass designator. Two examples are O and G3.

+ 		SubField 2C Up to two characters to specify +the spectral class of the secondary star, +typically one letter followed by one numerical subclass designator. +Two examples are O and G3.
Field 3 RA +position coordinate, given as H:M:S.

+ 		SubField 3AThis optional subfield may +specify a proper motion in RA. It is in milliarcseconds per +year on the sky, i.e., ΔRA*cos(dec).
Field 4Declination +position coordinate, given as D:M:S.

+ 		SubField 4AThis optional subfield may +specify a proper motion in Dec. It is in milliarcseconds per +year on the sky
Field +5
+ 		Magnitude +of each star in the pair.

+ 		SubField 5A
+ 		Magnitude of the primary star
+

+ 		SubField 5B
+ 		Magnitude of the secondary star
+
Field +6
+ 		This +optional field is the reference equinox year. It is assumed to be +2000 if absent
Field 7
+ 		This field may contain +either 3 or 6 subfields (one or two triples of year/separation/position +angle) +or 7 subfields (orbital elements).
+

+ 		If 3 or 6 subfields, +they define positions grouped as the following triplets:
+

+ 		SubField 7A/DYear of the separation and position angle given +in the next two fields, decimal year or month/day/year

+ 		SubField 7B/ESeparation, arc seconds
+

+ 		SubField 7C/FPosition angle, degrees E of N, referenced to +equinox in field 6
+

+ 		If 7 subfields, they +define a +true orbit:
+

+ 		SubField 7A
+ 		Semi-major axis, arcseconds
+

+ 		SubField 7BInclination from plane of sky, degrees
+

+ 		SubField 7CLongitude of node, degrees
+

+ 		SubField 7DEccentricity
+

+ 		SubField 7EEpoch of periastron, decimal year or +month/day/year
+

+ 		SubField 7FArgument of periastron, degrees
+

+ 		SubField 7GPeriod. Units are designated by suffix y +for years, d for days, or h for hours. If no +designation the default is years.
+
+
+
+
+
If Field +2 is e the object type +is +elliptical heliocentric (eccentricity < 1) and the remaining fields +are defined as follows:
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Field +3
+ 		i = +inclination, degrees
Field +4
+ 		O = +longitude of ascending node, degrees
Field +5
+ 		o = +argument of perihelion, degrees
Field +6
+ 		a = mean +distance (aka semi-major axis), AU
Field +7
+ 		n = mean +daily motion, degrees per day (computed from a**3/2 if +omitted)
Field +8
+ 		e = +eccentricity, must be < 1
+
Field +9
+ 		M = mean anomaly, +i.e., degrees from perihelion
Field +10
+ 		E = epoch date, +i.e., time of M

+ 		SubField 10AFirst date these elements are +valid, optional
+

+ 		SubField 10BLast date these elements are +valid, optional
+
Field +11
+ 		D = the equinox +year, i.e., time of i, O and o
Field +12
+ 		First component of +magnitude model, either g from (g,k) or +H from (H,G). Specify which by preceding the number with a "g" +or an "H". In absence of either specifier the default is (H,G) model. +See Magnitude models.
Field 13
+ 		Second component of +magnitude model, either k or G
+
Field 14
+ 		s = +angular size at 1 AU, arc seconds, optional
+
+

+
+
+
You may have other parameters +available +for elliptical orbits that can be converted into these. The +following relationships might be useful:
+
+
P += sqrt(a*a*a)
+p = O + o
+n = 0.9856076686/P
+T = E - M/n
+q = a*(1-e)
+AU = 149,597,870 km = 92,955,621 U.S. statute miles
+
+where
+
+P = the orbital period, +years;
+p = longitude of +perihelion, degrees
+T = epoch of perihelion +(add multiples of P for desired range)
+q = perihelion distance, AU
+
+Note that if you know T you can then set E = T and M = 0.
+
+
+
If Field +2 is h the object type +is +hyperbolic heliocentric (eccentricity > 1) and the remaining fields +are defined as follows:
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Field +3
+ 		T = date +of the epoch of perihelion

+ 		SubField 3AFirst date these elements are +valid, optional

+ 		SubField 3BLast date these elements are +valid, optional
Field +4
+ 		i = +inclination of orbital plane to ecliptic, degrees
Field +5
+ 		O = +longitude of ascending node, degrees
Field +6
+ 		o = +argument of perihelion, degrees
Field +7
+ 		e = +eccentricity, must be > 1
+
Field +8
+ 		q = +perihelion distance, AU
Field +9
+ 		D = the +equinox year (i.e., time of i/O/o)
Field +10
+ 		g +component of magnitude model. See Magnitude +models.
Field 11
+ 		k component of magnitude +model
+
Field +12
+ 		s = +angular size at 1 AU, arc seconds, optional
+
+
+
+
+
As with elliptical elements, other +parameters might be available. The relationships are generally the +same, except:
+
+
+
q += a*(e-1)
+
+If Field 2 is p the object type is parabolic +heliocentric (eccentricity exactly equal to 1) and the remaining +fields are defined as follows:
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Field +3
+ 		T = date +of epoch of perihelion

+ 		SubField 3AFirst date these elements are +valid, optional

+ 		SubField 3BLast date these elements are +valid, optional
Field +4
+ 		i = +inclination, degrees
Field +5
+ 		o = +argument of perihelion, degrees
Field +6
+ 		q = +perihelion distance, AU
Field +7
+ 		O = longitude of +ascending node, degrees
Field +8
+ 		D = the equinox year +(i.e., time of i/O/o).
Field +9
+ 		g component of +magnitude model. See Magnitude models.
Field 10
+ 		k component of magnitude +model
Field +11
+ 		s = angular size at +1 AU, arc seconds, optional
+
+
+
+
If Field +2 is E (note upper +case) +the object type is Earth satellite and the remaining fields are defined +as follows:
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Field +3
+ 		Epoch of the other +fields

+ 		SubField 3AFirst date these elements are +valid, optional

+ 		SubField 3B
+ 		Last date these elements are +valid, optional
Field +4
+ 		inclination, degrees
Field +5
+ 		RA of ascending +node, degrees
Field +6
+ 		eccentricity, must +be < 1
Field +7
+ 		argument of perigee, +degrees
Field +8
+ 		mean anomaly, degrees
Field +9
+ 		mean motion, revs/day
Field +10
+ 		orbit decay rate, +revolutions/day^2
Field +11
+ 		integral reference +orbit number at Epoch
+
Field +12
+ 		drag coefficient, +1/(earth radii); optional
+
+
+
XEphem arbitrarily assigns all Earth +satellites a visual magnitude of 2.0.
+
+XEphem can also read files directly containing the venerable +Two-Line-Element (TLE) format. See next section for details. +
+
+If not specified explicitly in the edb entry, XEphem assigns the valid range +of dates for satellite elements to the greater of 100 days or the time +required for the mean motion to change by one percent either side of the +element epoch. +
+
+
If Field +2 is P (note upper +case) +then Field 1 must be the name +of +a built-in object for XEphem and no other fields are defined. The +following names are recognized:
+
+
Sun
+Moon
+Mercury
+Venus
+Mars
+
Phobos
+Deimos
+Jupiter
+
Io
+
Europa
+Ganymede
+Callisto
+Saturn
+
Mimas
+Enceladus
+Tethys
+Dione
+Rhea
+Titan
+Hyperion
+Iapetus
+Uranus
+
Ariel
+Umbriel
+Titania
+Oberon
+Miranda
+Neptune
+Pluto
+
+

7.1.2.3 Magnitude models

+The g,k magnitude model +requires two parameters to be specified. One, the absolute magnitude, +g, is the visual magnitude of the object if it were one AU from both +the Sun and the Earth. The other, the luminosity index, k, +characterizes the brightness change of the object as a function of its +distance from the Sun. This is generally zero, or very small, for +inactive objects like asteroids. The model may be expressed as:
+
+
m += g + 5*log10(D) + 2.5*k*log10(r)
+
+where:
+
+
m += resulting visual magnitude
+g = absolute visual +magnitude
+D = comet-earth distance, +in AU
+
k += luminosity index
+
r += comet-sun distance.
+
+The H,G model also requires +two parameters. The first, H, is the magnitude of the object when one +AU from the Sun and the Earth. The other, G, attempts to model the +reflection characteristics of a passive surface, such as an asteroid. +The model may be expressed with the following code fragment:
+
+
beta += acos((rp*rp + rho*rho - rsn*rsn)/ (2*rp*rho));
+psi_t = +exp(log(tan(beta/2.0))*0.63);
+Psi_1 = exp(-3.33*psi_t);
+psi_t = +exp(log(tan(beta/2.0))*1.22);
+Psi_2 = exp(-1.87*psi_t);
+m = H + 5.0*log10(rp*rho) - +2.5*log10((1-G)*Psi_1 + G*Psi_2);
+
+where:
+
+
m  = +resulting visual magnitude
+rp  = distance from +sun to object
+rho = distance from +earth to object
+rsn = distance from +sun to earth
+
+Note that neither model takes into account the phase angle of sun light.
+
+
+

7.1.3 Notes

+

XEphem uses a different window to manage Field +star catalogs.

+

XEphem ships with a few perl scripts which might be helpful for +converting databases in other formats into XEphem format. These +scripts are in the tools/ directory of the source distribution tree.
+

+

7.1.4 Two-line Earth +satellite element sets

+XEphem supports reading files which contain Earth satellites defined +using the the NORAD "two-line element" set format, or TLE. Because the +TLE format is quite rigid and includes a checksum within each line, +XEphem is able to search files containing other arbitrary text and find +each properly formatted TLE contained therein. Follows is a description +of the TLE. Note the line immediately preceding the TLE, line "0", is +assumed to contain a common name for the satellite, this line is only +used if the following two lines conform to TLE.
+
+Data for each satellite consists of three lines in the following +format: +
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
1 NNNNNU NNNNNAAA NNNNN.NNNNNNNN +.NNNNNNNN +NNNNN-N +NNNNN-N N NNNNN
2 NNNNN NNN.NNNN NNN.NNNN NNNNNNN NNN.NNNN NNN.NNNN NN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
+

Line 0 is a twenty-four character name.
+

+

Lines 1 and 2 are the standard Two-Line Orbital Element Set Format +identical to that +used by NORAD and NASA. The format description is:
+

+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Line 1
ColumnDescription
01Line Number of Element Data
03-07Satellite Number
08Classification (U=Unclassified)
10-11International Designator, last two digits of launch +year,  2000+ if < 57.
12-14International Designator, launch number of the year
15-17International Designator, piece of the launch
19-20Epoch Year, last two digits of year,  2000+ if < 57
21-32Epoch Day of the year and fractional portion of the day
34-43First Time Derivative of the Mean Motion
45-52Second Time Derivative of Mean Motion (decimal point assumed)
54-61BSTAR drag term (decimal point assumed)
63Ephemeris type
65-68Element number
69Checksum (Modulo 10)
+
(Letters, blanks, periods, plus signs = 0; +minus signs = 1)
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Line 2
ColumnDescription
01Line Number of Element Data
03-07Satellite Number
09-16Inclination [Degrees]
18-25Right Ascension of the Ascending Node [Degrees]
27-33Eccentricity (decimal point assumed)
35-42Argument of Perigee [Degrees]
44-51Mean Anomaly [Degrees]
53-63Mean Motion [Revs per day]
64-68Revolution number at epoch [Revs]
69Checksum (Modulo 10)
+
+

+When reading a TLE entry, XEphem assigns the valid range of dates for a set of +elements to the greater of 100 days or the time required for the mean motion +to change by one percent either side of the element epoch. + +
+ +

7.2 Index

+This +window shows a list of all objects currently loaded into memory sorted +by name. Or, by chosing a toggle button across the top, the list can +be restricted to just deep sky, stellar, binary systems, solar system +and +Earth +satellites. The list does not include Favorites.
+
+Each object name, including all alternate names, are in the scrolled +list on +the right. Clicking an arrow +button moves the list by one object up or down; clicking above or below +the thumb +control scrolls the list so that the top object moves to the bottom or visa versa. Clicking on an object +displays its defining parameters in the box to the left, and also +displays its .edb file format entry in the read-only text field below.
+
+The list of objects may be searched by entering a glob pattern in the Search field then +typing Enter or clicking Search. If more than one object name matches, +clicking Search again scrolls to the next candidate; the search wraps +back to the front when no more are found.
+
+Buttons across the bottom function as follows:
+
+Sky Point
+

+This will mark the object currently selected in the Sky +View, repointing if necessary to move it into the field of +view.
+
+
+Show in Gallery
+
+ +
If this object is in the Gallery, this button will be available and will +display the object.
+
+Save as Favorite
+
+ +
This button will add the object +currently +selected to the list of Favorites.
+
+Tel Goto
+
+ +
This will send the object currently +selected to the Telescope control +system. Whether this button is active depends on the state of the +telescope control subsystem when the Index window was opened. If the +button state is incorrect, close and reopen the Index window.
+
+ +

7.3 Favorites

+This +window allows you to add, arrange, remove and temporarily deactivate an +arbitrary collection +of XEphem objects, called Favorites. Once defined as a Favorite, the +object remains available whether or not its original database file is currently loaded.
+
+Favorites have special significance in several places throughout +XEphem. For example the rows in the Data Table +and in the Night at a Glance windows are +exactly those of the Favorites. The Earth view +shows those Favorites which are satellites. Favorites are available +very +easily in the Favorites menu in the Sky View. +And the Solar System view displays those +Favorites +that are within the solar system.
+
+Objects may be added to the list of Favorites in several ways:
+
    +
  • from the Data + » + Index +window by browsing the objects currently loaded in memory then clicking + Favorite;
    • +
  • from buttons labeled Favorite located in several dialogs +throughout XEphem;
    +
    • +
  • from buttons in the popup menus of several views when clicked +over displayed objects; and
    +
    • +
  • by entering its .edb format definition in the text field near the +bottom of the Favorites window and clicking Add edb.
    + Note this field may also be used to edit an existing Favorite in-place. +
    • +
+Each entry in the Favorites list shows its complete .edb format +definition. Each entry has the following controls:
+
Del
+
removes the entry from the Favorites +list
+
+
+ Up and Down arrow buttons
+
+
move the entry up and down to arrange +the Favorites into any designed order. This is useful where Favorites +define rows such as in the Data Table and Night at a Glance windows.
+
+
+ Use
+
+ +
specifies whether to use or hide the +entry from +the rest of XEphem without actually Deleting it.
+
+The buttons across the bottom allow you to Save the current set +of Favorites to a file and later Load them again. +The suffix of these files must be .fav and will be added +automatically if not included in the file named in the text field. When +XEphem first starts, it automatically +loads the file named in the Save text field. To save this file name, go +to Preferences » Save +and Save +the XEphem*Favorites*File resource under the Favorites category.
+
+
+ +

7.4 Download
+

+ This +window provides an easy means to download from the Internet to disk and +simultaneously +load into memory any file which contains objects defined in either +XEphem's .edb format or the NORAD 2-Line Element (TLE) format commonly +used for Earth satellite. The file is saved in the Private directory, converted to .edb +format if it is not already.
+
+Several particularly useful sites as of this build are already entered. +The first three are from Dr. TS Kelso's Earth satellite lists at celestrak.com. The other four are +the Minor Planet Center's lists of hot comets and unusual asteroids +specially formatted for XEphem. +Click Get beside the desired +catalog to download the file to the Private directory and +simultaneously load into XEphem memory.
+
+Special files created by the Minor Planet Center +and Lowell +Observatory may also be downloaded. Each organization maintains +extensive lists of all known asteroids and produces on a regular basis +Keplarian orbital elements precessed to the current date. Both are of +excellent quality. When the Get +button is clicked, XEphem downloads the appropriate file, uncompresses +it, reformats it to .edb format and splits the results into two files +for convenience. One file will contain all asteroids which can ever +become brighter than magnitude 13, and the other (with a "_dim" suffix) +contains all the rest. All files are created in the user's Private +XEphem directory. The real work is performed by two perl scripts, +mpcorb.pl and astorb.pl, respectively. These may be run independently +of XEphem if desired.
+
+
+ +

7.5 Field Stars

+ This window allows you to control +which +field star +sources you wish to use. The window is accessible from the Main window +as well as from the Control menus of most graphical views.
+
+XEphem uses the term "field star" to refer to the huge numbers of faint +stars visible in any real world view of the sky. Field stars are +generally far more numerous than could be reasonably accommodated in +the XEphem *.edb database format. For this reason they are stored and +made available in their own special compact forms for utmost +efficiency. The downside to this approach is that field stars are not +included in the totals presented by the Data » Files window nor +are they available for searching or inspection using the Data » Index window. +This results in little loss of generality, however, since (once +found!) they may be assigned to the user Favorites.
+
+The controls in the Field Stars setup window are grouped into +categories, depending on the basic source of the stars, as follows:
+
+

7.5.1 Hubble GSC

+The Hubble Guide Star Catalog is a seminal work created by the Space +Telescope Science Institute to support the Hubble Space telescope. It +contains from 13 million unique stars, or about 300 stars per square +degree of sky.
+
+ASP CDROM Directory
+
+ +
This choice enables reading field stars +from the Hubble Guide Star Catalog made available some years ago +on two CDROMs published by the Astronomical Society of the +Pacific. Mount a CDROM somewhere onto your filesystem, type the +name of the mount directory in the text field provided then turn +this option on and press Apply. Note that XEphem assumes your CDROM +driver removes the trailing ";1" from all filenames.
+
+
+Local Cache Directory
+
+
This choice enables reading GSC field +stars from your local disk. If this option is on along with the +CDROM option, then as requests are satisfied from the CDROM a +compact form of the same data will be written to files below the +directory named in this option. Then the next time the same field stars +are needed, and this option is on, they will be obtained from the +local disk files rather than the CDROM. In fact, the CDROM is not +needed +or used if the local disk contains all the stars for any given +access. The entire 2 CDROM set loads onto disk in this format in +some 180 MB. The default path of the directory which holds the +disk version is "catalogs/gsc" off the Shared directory. Note: +There is also a utility in the tools/gsc directory, gscload, with +which you may preload any entire CDROM segment at once if desired. +These files are already included in te commercial version of +XEphem.
+
+
+Internet to xephemdbd
+
+ +
This choice is to use the Internet to +access an XEphem GSC server. To use this source, select this +option and type the URL to the remote xephemdbd.pl in the text +field provided.
+
+
+GSC 2.2 Directory
+
+ +
This choice enables using a local copy +of the GSC 2.2.0.1 catalog in xe3 format. This catalog only contains +stars between magnitude 10 and 18.5, so it must be used in conjunction +with +an additional catalog for completeness. The Hipparcos catalog is an +ideal companion and is automatically chosen as a convenience. +
+
+
+ +

7.5.2 USNO A or SA catalogs

+
+Root directory
+

+This choice of field stars supports the SA and the A series of +astrometric catalogs produced in recent years by the US Naval +Observatory. The SA2.0 for example, includes some 54 million stars, +spatially sampled so there is about 1,300 stars per square degree of +sky. Note that such a uniform distribution does not "look" much like +the real sky, but it is great for its intended use as an astrometric +mesh for comet hunters or such. To order these catalogs, see http://psyche.usno.navy.mil/pmm. +If you have such a catalog, simply enter the name of its base directory +and toggle this switch on. The default assumes a symbolic link, +"catalogs/usno" off the shared directory. The suggested citation for +SA1.0 follows:
+
+
Monet, D., Bird, A., Canzian, B., +Harris, H., Reid, N., Rhodes, A., Sell, S., Ables, H., Dahn, C., +Guetter, H., Henden, A., Leggett, S., Levison, H., Luginbuhl, C., +Martini, J., Monet, A., Pier, J., Riepe, B., Stone, R., Vrba, F., +Walker, R. 1996, USNO-SA1.0, (U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington +DC).
+
+This catalog has been included with permission of USNO as long as +we mention the following stipulations:
+
+
It may not be the latest version, +check +with http://ad.usno.navy.mil.
+
+
If you paid for XEphem, you paid for +the software, not this catalog. The catalog is available free from +the USNO.
+
+
Inclusion of the SA2.0 catalog does +not +imply an endorsement of XEphem by USNO; nor did I have privileged +access to the catalog; nor does the US Government affirm or +guarantee that XEphem works properly in any way.
+
+
+ +

7.5.3 Proper Motion catalogs

+
+These large catalogs include information regarding proper motion. +Two such catalogs are currently available ready for XEphem. You may +only use one at a time, by choosing the corresponding toggle
+
+PPM catalog
+
+
This is the Positions and Proper Motion +catalog of S. Roeser and U. Bastian, Astronomisches +Rechen-Institut, Heidelberg, published in 1990. The PPM includes +468,586 stars rather evenly distributed throughout both +hemispheres. This averages out to more than 10 stars per square +degree. The set here includes the original North and South +editions plus the extended supplement. The set includes more than +99% of the stars in the original SAO catalog and some 70% of the +Henry Draper Catalogue (HD). While the SAO catalog is more or less +complete to V=9, with stars as faint as V=10, the PPM catalog is +fairly complete to V=9.5, and goes somewhat deeper than V=10.
+
+
+Hipparcos and Tycho-2
+
+
This catalog is a combination of the +Hipparcos and the Tycho-2 astrometric catalogs published by the +European Space Agency. This catalog contains all Hipparcos stars +for which astrometric and magnitude values are assigned, and all +additional non-redundant entries from the Tycho-2 catalog except +multiple-component entries. There is a total of some 2.5 million +stars, or about 60 stars per square degree. One example of a star with +high proper motion is Groombridge 1830 (HD 103095), in Ursa Major, +near 11h53m 37d44m. For a nice discussion see Burnham's Celestial +Handbook, Volume III, page 1978. By comparing its position in either +PM catalog with the same entry from the GSC one can deduce this +particular GSC field was evidently taken in early 1983.
+
+ +
+UCAC +

+This choice allows using the USNO Astrographic catalog with XEphem. For +more information on this catalog please refer to +here. +As of release UCAC4, the directory specified must be that which contains +the u4b and u4i directories. In turn, u4b must contain all 900 z files and +u4i must contain u4index.unf and u4hpm.dat. +
+
+

7.5.4 Skip likely duplicates

+All of the above may be used together with the regular database +facility of XEphem. If this option is on, XEphem eliminates what +appears to be redundant entries for the same star from the various +catalogs. Two stars are considered the same if their positions match +within the given number of arcseconds and their brightnesses differ by +less than the given number of magnitudes. (The generous default +magnitude tolerance is because the GSC and the PPM use varying +filters).
+
+When deciding on the final selection for such duplicate entries the +highest priority is the local database, then the HD or SAO entry, +then the PPM entry, then Hipparcos, then Tycho and finally the GSC +entry.When you have made the desired entries, pressing Apply will attempt to check each +filename, directory and Internet choice, as appropriate. The cursor +will be a Watch while the tests are in progress. If something does not +seem correct, a warning window will appear and the option will be +turned back off. If everything seems to be operating correctly, you +are in business. The Ok button +does the same thing but then also closes the window if they all +succeed.
+
+

7.5.5 Notes

+If at any time something goes wrong during the acquisition of any +Field Stars from any View, the responsible option in that view is also +turned off automatically. The problem should be corrected and Field +stars turned on again.
+
+All field star sources will silently enforce limits on the total number +of stars they yield for any query. As of this writing, local queries +except USNO are limited to 30 degrees; USNO are limited to 15 degrees; +network queries impose various limits.
+
+

8.0 Preferences
+

+The simple choice preferences are covered in the Main Window section. +See Preferences menu,
+

8.1 +Fonts

+
This +window lets you change most of the fonts used by XEphem. The basic +technique is to specify a font, use the four toggle buttons to choose +which action to take then perform the action in a particular font +context by clicking in the menus accessed from the menubar across the +top.
+
+To browse the available fonts, type a pattern in the field provided and +click Search. This will +display +the names of all fonts matching a pattern. To see all available fonts, +use the wild card pattern of a single star (*). To be more specific, +specify the fields desired and fill the gaps between with the star +wildcard. See the next section for a description of each field.
+
+Clicking a font in the top list will display a sample and its full name +in the region at the bottom.
+
+The Buttons, Text and Other menus in the menu bar across +the top provide ways of referring to several font contexts. The four +toggle buttons just below the menu bar determines what happens when one +of these context menu buttons is clicked, as follows:
+
+Get current
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +context menu button will cause the name of the current font for that +context to be displayed in the pattern field and history list.
+
+Get default
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +context menu button will cause the name of the last saved default +font for that context to be displayed in the pattern field and +history list.
+
+Set
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +context menu button will cause the font named in the pattern field +of this window to be applied to that context throughout XEphem.
+
+Restore default
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +context menu button will cause its last saved font value to be +reinstated through XEphem.
+
+Fonts that have been changed from their default values are tagged in +the Preferences » Save +window (when opened or after you do a Refresh). This allows you to Save +the new fonts set here permanently. If you do not Save it, the change +only effects XEphem until you exit.
+
+There are a few situations scattered around within XEphem for which +changing fonts at runtime from this window does not work perfectly. +For example, changing to a smaller font does not shrink some windows +as much as you might expect. Such anomalies are known challenges and +do not indicate serious problems. After Saving the fonts and +restarting XEphem, all will work again as expected.
+

8.1.1 XLFD

+The font names are in the format called X Logical Font Description. +There are 15 fields separated by hyphens. The fields are as follows:
+
+
+
+
Foundry
+
+

+The organization that digitized the font data.
+
+Family
+
+
The commercial name of the font.
+
+Weight
+
+
The relative weight of the font, such as bold, medium or regular.
+
+
+Slant
+
+
A code indicating the slant:
+
+
r Roman (no slant)
+i Italic (slant left)
+o Oblique (slant left)
+
+Set Width
+
+
The width with respect to what the foundry considered normal. +Choices include normal, condensed, narrow, double.
+
+Additional Style
+
+
Anything else needed to uniquely identify the font, such as sans +or serif.
+
+
+Pixel Size
+
+
The height of an em in +pixels.
+
+Point Size
+
+
The height of an em in +tenths of a point, where one point is 1/72 inch.
+
+Horizontal Resolution
+Vertical Resolutoin
+
+
The resolution of the device for which the font was designed, in +pixels-per-inch.
+
+Spacing
+
+
A code indicating the spacing between characters in the font:
+
+
M Monospaced (fixed pitch)
+P Proportional spaced (variable pitch)
+C Character cell (each character occupies the same size box)
+
+
+Average Width
+
+
Average width of all characters in the font, measured in tenths +of +a pixel.
+
+Registry
+Enoding
+
+
The registration authority and their name for the character set +from which the characters in the font are drawn. For example ISO8859-1, +also known as Latin-1.
+
+
+Scalable fonts are indicated by 0 for point size, pixel size, x and y +resolution and average width (fields 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12). To choose a +specific scalable font, specify desired values for some but not all of +these fields, letting the system fill in the others.
+
+

8.2 +Colors

+This window lets you change most of the +colors used by XEphem. The basic technique is to use the four toggle +buttons to choose which action to take then perform the action in a +particular color context by clicking in the menus accessed from the +menubar across the top.
+
+The possible actions are as follows:
+
+Get current
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +color context menu button will cause the current color for that +context to be displayed in the color patch in the lower right corner +of this window.
+
+Get default
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +color context menu button will cause the last saved default color +for that context to be displayed in the color patch in the lower +right corner of this window.
+
+Set
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +color context menu button will cause the color currently being +displayed in the color patch of this window to be applied to that +context throughout in XEphem.
+
+Restore default
+
+
When this toggle is active, clicking a +color context menu button will cause its last saved color to be +reinstated.
+
+Above the color patch are three sliding scales that allow you to define +a color using either Red+Green+Blue or Hue+Saturation+Value, depending +on the toggle. Each scale ranges from 0 through 255. Hue is the basic +spectral color, where 0 is red, 85 is green, 170 is blue. Saturation +is the amount of color purity, where lower values mix in more white. +Value is like brightness, where 0 is totally black.
+
+The text field at lower left allows you to type a color using one of +the standard descriptive names, such as "steel blue", or in hex RGB +notation, for example #ff0000 for pure red, #00ff00 for pure green +#0000ff for pure blue. After typing the desired value, press Enter to +set the scales and see the color in the patch. This field is also set +automatically when the scales are used to set a color, during Grabbing +(see next), and when a color context is retrieved.
+
+The history list in the lower left stores each color name that is used +from the name field, making it easier to reuse a color. Selecting a +name +will copy it to the name field and show it in the color patch. You can +select history entries with the mouse, or by browsing with the Up and +Down keyboard arrow keys.
+
+

8.2.1 Colors Control menu

+
+
Night +mode
+
+
+ +
This changes the XEphem background to +black, and uses the Night vision color for all text. Clicking this +back off will restore the previous colors. Note that when Night vision +is on, you may not change the colors it effects. This is to eliminate +confusion with regards to whether or not they are new in the Save +window.
+
+
+
Grab +color
+
+
+ +
Press this button and the cursor will +change to a crosshair. Move the cursor around on the screen and the +color of the pixel under the crosshair will be displayed; press +Button1 to capture the color and resume normal cursor operation.
+
+
+
Clear +history
+
+
+
Erases all entries in the History list.
+
+
+
+When a color context is changed, it also changes the corresponding +resource. In the Preferences +» Save window you will notice that the resource becomes +marked as Modified (when opened or after you do a Refresh). This +allows you to Save the new color choice permanently. If you do not +Save it, the change only effects XEphem until you exit.
+
+

8.2.2 Star colors

+XEphem assigns colors to stars based on their spectral classification. +The default colors were chosen based on work done by Mitchell Charity. +The colors are specified using X Resources. The resource names each +begin with "XEphem.starSpect" followed by one or two characters. The +value of the resource is the color. The following table shows the +default spectral color resources built into XEphem:
+  
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
XEphem Resource Name
+ 		Default Color Value
+
XEphem.starSpectO#9bb0ff
XEphem.starSpectB#aabfff
XEphem.starSpectA#cad7ff
XEphem.starSpectF#f8f7ff
XEphem.starSpectG#fff4ea
XEphem.starSpectK#ffd2a1
XEphem.starSpectM#ffcc6f
XEphem.starSpectN#ff8f2c
XEphem.starSpectS#ffc574
XEphem.starSpectC#ff9e40
XEphem.starSpectT#ffd19a
XEphem.starSpectW#c4c4ff
+
+
+XEphem uses the closest entry with matching first character. If no +entry is found with matching first character then white is used and a +message is added to the System log. The +spectral color resource values may be edited or additional resources +can +be added but this must be done by hand, there is no GUI support +available. Always edit the XEphem resource file while XEphem is not running to avoid any chance of +conflict.
+

8.3 Save

+This window displays all of the +options, +settings and controls, collectively called Preferences, throughout +XEphem that may be saved and +reinstated next time the program is started. XEphem has many such +preferences, so +they are separated into categories in this window for easier +management. Each category may be expanded or collapsed using the ++/-  toggle square to show each individual preference.
+
+Preferences are saved using the standard Resource mechanism provided by +the X Window System. These resources are saved in the file XEphem +located in the Private directory.
+
+Each preference may be tagged for saving. The toggle at the top +controls whether all tagged preferences will be Autoatically saved +when XEphem is Quit.
+
+Preferences have been divided into two classes.
+
Major: In the opinion of the author these +preferences are sufficiently interesting that they are likely to be +worth saving and automatically restoring between one invocation of +XEphem and the next.
+
+ Minor: Everything else, presumably less critical in nature. It +is expected that you are likely to +change these preferences frequently in due course while operating +XEphem yet they do not cause major effects on program behavior so +saving them at +any one particular setting is not especially compelling. Minor +preferences are things like window size and position, scale settings +which +only effect views, and all of the Sky View Filter and Option settings.
+
+This distinction is of course rather arbitrary so please take +care when changing and saving preferences so the ones you want are +saved.
+
+
The number of preferences in each class currently tagged +for saving is indicated by messages near the top.
+
+The scrolled area can display each preference, whether it is tagged for +saving and the ability to change whether it is tagged. Each category of +preference can be expanded for more detail using the +/- toggle square.
+
In the expanded view, each preference and its value are +shown exactly +as it will appear in the disk file if Saved. Those preferences +which differ from the last time they were Saved, or since XEphem was +started if no Save has yet occurred, are marked with a bullet. Major +preferences are marked with a solid bullet, Minor preferences with an +hollow +bullet. A toggle next to each preference allows individual selection +over whether the preference will be written to disk on the next Save. +After each Refresh, the toggles are set for those preferences found to +have changed since the last Save if their class is set to be +automatically tagged. Each toggle may be changed manually in either +direction to override this automatic behavior on an individual basis +if desired but not these will be overridden with the next Refresh.
+
+In the collapsed view, if at least one Major preference is out of date +in a category, a solid bullet is placed next to the category heading; +otherwise if at least one Minor preference is out of date a hollow +bullet is used.
+
+
+Note that the information in this window does not +automatically track changes in preferences as XEphem is used. You must +use Refresh to update the status manually when desired. In particular, +the values which are Saved are what they were the last time Refresh +was performed, not what they actually are at the moment Save is +activated.
+
+
+Save now
+
+
Write each tagged preference to disk to +the XEphem resource file. +If the file already exists, it will first be copied to XEphem.bak in +the same directory. If a preference already exists in the file it will +be +edited in-place, otherwise a new entry is added at the bottom. Other +lines in the file are left unchanged. After using Save, all preferences +will be considered up to date, even if they were not selected to be +written to the preference file.
+
+
N.B. The values saved are as they +appear in this window, which may be different from their current +value if they have changed since the last Refresh.
+
+Refresh
+
+
Update the changed and save status of +each preference. This refresh action also +happens automatically after a Save is performed and just before +XEphem quits when deciding which preferences to save if the Automatic +saving option is enabled.
+

9.0 Multifunction Tools

+The tools in this section are used in several different places +throughout XEphem. The descriptions here are generic. If there are any +special issues when used in certain contexts they will be described in +the appropriate sections elsewhere.
+
+ +

9.1 Trails

+ This +window allows you to define a set of time values spaced at regular +intervals before and after the current XEphem time and define which +and in what manner values will be annotated with a time stamp.
+
+This is a general purpose facility used in several places throughout +XEphem, generally for the purpose of establishing a trail of object +motion. This description will be of a general nature.
+
+Six format parameters must be specified:
+
+Orientation
+
+ +
This choice determines where the +stamps +appear in relation to their corresponding position mark. The first +several options should be self-explanatory. The last two, Path-left and +Path-right, cause the time stamps +to be placed to the left or right side of the trail path, as one would +perceive these directions when traversed in forward time order. In +no case are the time stamps ever drawn to require you to turn your +head more than 90 degrees left or right.
+
+Interval
+
+
This is the time interval between each +step. Choose from among several predefined intervals or choose Custom +and enter any desired interval +in the space provided. It is okay to specify more than 24 hours to +achieve intervals of several days. It is also okay to specify negative +values to run time backwards.
+
+Label
+
+
This choice determines which intervals +will to be labeled with a time stamp. Choose from among several +options or choose None if no labeling +is desired. Times will be printed surrounded by parentheses if the +object is an Earth satellite and it is eclipsed.
+
+Format
+
+
This choice determines the format in +which to display +each time-stamp. Choose Hour:Minute +with or without Seconds or the date formatted as per the Preferences » Date formats +option in the Main menubar, see Preferences.
+
+Font
+
+
This choice sets the size of the +annotation text font.
+
+Start
+
+
This choice specifies how the first +time value is derived from the current XEphem time. The lower right +radio box offers several methods of determining the beginning of the +first time interval. The idea here is generally to match the time +values of each time mark with the precision implied by the format, but +to allow other options for special situations.
+
+Whole min rounds the current +XEphem time forward to the next whole minute, if necessary;
+Whole day rounds to the next +whole day.
+Whole interval rounds to the +next whole multiple of whatever time interval is set (as specified +in the Intervals choices).
+Now means to begin with the +current XEphem time without any initial changes.
+
+Two scales near the bottom specify the number of tick marks to create +before and after the starting time.
+
+Once the choices are set up as desired, Ok will create the trail and the +window will disappear. Apply +will create the trail but the window will remain up for further use. Close just dismisses the window +without creating a trail.
+
+Even with all this flexibility pleasingly annotated trails are not +trivial to generate. It is hoped that a little experimentation can +yield acceptable results in most cases. Note that this general trail +facility does not provide close coupling with the view being +supported. For example, some views do not support setting a trail for +an object which has changed while the Trail Setup is up. Also, views +may vary in their support of having trails defined while they are not +visible. Each view may establish its own initial default values but +changes usually remain in effect for subsequent instances of Trail +Setup windows from the same view. Some views permit more than one +Trail Setup to be active at one time. In short, the operational +boundary conditions vary by view.
+
+The settings for each view context may be saved using +Preferences » Save. + +

9.2 Printing

+This +window lets you print the current view or save it to a file. In either +case the format used is Postscript.
+
+Title
+
+ +
If you enter a string in the text +field +labeled Title, the string will be printed centered across the top of +the page.
+
+Color
+Black
+
+ +
The top left pair of toggle buttons +allow you to choose whether color commands will be included in the +Postscript generated.
+
+Letter
+A4
+
+ +
The center pair offer the choice of US +Letter size 8½x11" with ¾" margin or ISO A4 210x297mm +with 15mm margin.
+
+Thin lines
+Thick lines
+
+ +
The right pair offer the choice of +drawing with very thin lines or somewhat thicker lines.
+
+Save to file
+
+ +
If you choose to Save to a file, turn +on that toggle button and enter the desired file name in the text +box to the right of the toggle button. Unless begun with a / the +file name is in the Private directory.
+
+
+Print command
+
+ +
If you choose to print directly to the +printer, turn on that toggle button and enter a command which will +print a Postscript file on your system. The command should expect +the name of a file to print as its first and only argument. A +temporary file will automatically be created for this command and +deleted when printing is completed. You can also enter a command +here that will display the file, such as gv to preview the file then +and print from there.
+
+When ready, click Ok. To avoid +printing, press Cancel. If +your +current viewing fonts are not available for printing, error recovery +will depend upon your local print system. +

9.3 Annotation

+
+
+
+This window allows you to add your own text +and lines to any graphical +view. Annotation locations are saved in the world coordinates of the +view. For example, in the Earth view they are saved in Lat and Long. In +the Sky View, they are saved in the current display mode, that is, +either RA/Dec or Alt/Az. The window shows which view each annotation +refers to.
+
+You may Save the current set of annotations to the specified +file or Load a set by selecting from the files presented in the +pop-down menu. Annotation files use the suffix .ano. XEphem tries to +automatically load the file specified in the Save field when it starts. +This +file name can be saved in the Preferences » Save window in +the Annotation section.
+
+To add a new annotation entry:
+
+
    +
  1. click New to create a blank entry,
    2. +
  2. type in the desired text,
    3. +
  3. click Place to begin the placement procedure,
    4. +
  4. move the cursor to position the text where desired,
    5. +
  5. click and hold to anchor the text and begin drawing a line,
    6. +
  6. move the pencil cursor to position the far end of the line as +desired,
    7. +
  7. release.
    8. +
+
+To move an existing entry, click Place +again and proceed as above with step 4.
+
+To draw just a line with no text, leave the text field blank.
+
+To place text with no line, immediately release after anchoring the +text.
+
+To change just the text of an existing entry, edit the text and type +Enter.
+
+To temporarily hide one entry, click Hide on its line. To hide +all entries click Hide all, to toggle which entries are hidden +click Toggle.
+
+To delete an entry, click Delete.
+
+

10.0 Credits

+The following are in no particular order but all are greatly +appreciated: +

Thanks to Lutz Mandle for restoring SOHO support in 2012; showing sun in +moonview; proxy support in web downloads; improved horizon clipping and +correct use of Sky View options in individual planetary views. +

Enormous advances in data quality were +contributed by the late Guillermo Andrade Velasco.

+

The Blue Marble project at +http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/BlueMarble +for their +wonderful +whole-earth color images.

+

+Corrections for ecliptic longitude from Adrian Robinson, adrianprobinson@yahoo.co.uk

+

The stellar spectra colors are based on work by Mitchell Charity, +mcharity@lcs.mit.edu, at +http://www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/starcolor. +

+

Thanks to Paul Schlyter for some improved anomaly code.
+

+

Dean Huxley contributed improved constellation figures and improved +the Tycho Hipparcos data base.
+

+

+Thanks to Thomas Conze, thomas.conze@gmx.net, for several great +patches. +

+

Thanks to Matei Conovici, cmatei@profis.ro, for making Sky View's "live +report" option a saveable preference.

+

Several nice tweaks and some thorough debugging from John O'Donnell, +jmodonnell@earthlink.net. +

+

+Thanks to Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler for zlib. +

+

+Thanks to Eric S. Raymond for his fine implementation of base64. +

+

Milky Way contour by Pertti Paakkonen, ppaakko@cc.joensuu.fi, in +turn +based on map from http://www.ebicom.net/~rsf1/fun/sm-new.htm copyright +(c) +1972,2001, R.S. Fritzius, may be reproduced for non-commercial purpose. +

+

The local magnetic declination model is from the DoD World Magnetic +Model as published at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/potfld/DoDWMM.shtml +

+

Thanks to Fridger Schrempp, fridger.schrempp@desy.de, for his long +term encouragement of the project, and particularly for many +suggestions +to improve ease of use.

+

Thanks to Wolfgang Steinicke of www.ngcic.org for allowing use of +his corrected NGC and IC catalogs.

+

Earth satellite orbit propagation is based on the NORAD SGP4/SDP4 +code, as converted from FORTRAN to C by Magnus Backstrom, +b@eta.chalmers.se. See "Spacetrack Report Number 3: Models for +Propagation of NORAD Element Sets" at +http://www.celestrak.com/NORAD/documentation/spacetrk.pdf +

+

Improvements to Delta T code, help and wording contributed by Neal +McBurnett, nealmcb@bell-labs.com.

+

Any parts of the USNO SA2.0 catalog that are included with XEphem +distributions are done so with the following understandings:

+
It may not be the latest version, check with http://ad.usno.navy.mil +

If you paid for XEphem, you paid for the software, not this +catalog. The catalog is available free from the USNO.

+

Inclusion of the SA2.0 catalog does not imply an endorsement of +XEphem by USNO; nor did I have privileged access to the catalog; nor +does the US Government affirm or guarantee that XEphem works +properly in any way.

+
+Thanks to Atsuo Ohki, ohki@gssm.otsuka.tsukuba.ac.jp, for numerous +fixes and features. +

Thanks to Robert Lane, roblane@alum.mit.edu, for Uranonmetria 2000 +work.

+

+Martian relief map completed June 2000 using data from Mars Orbiter +Laser +Altimeter on board the Mars Global Surveyor, operated by the Jet +Propulsion +Laboratory, NASA. +See http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs +

+

The near real-time weather map in the Earth view is provided by +the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of +Wisconsin. +See their web site at http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/ssec.html +

+

The XEphem logo was contributed by Jonathan Adams, +jfadams@mail.arc.nasa.gov. The galaxy background image is from Galaxy +Photography, www.galaxyphoto.com.

+

For the years 1999-2010 the natural satellite ephemerides for Mars, +Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus are based on developments in mixed +functions computed and contributed at Bureau Des Longitudes, +http://www.bdl.fr +by J.-E. Arlot, Ch. Ruatti and W. Thuillot. Many +thanks!

+

Outside this range, Jupiter's moons based on information in +"Astronomical Formulae for Calculators" by Jean Meeus. Richmond, Va., +U.S.A., Willmann-Bell, (c) 1982. Saturn's moons based on code and +ideas supplied by Dan Bruton, Texas A&M, astro@sfasu.edu. For all +dates, ring tilts based on "RINGS OF SATURN" program by Olson, et al, +Sky & Telescope, May 1995, page 95. C code as converted from BASIC +by pmartz@dsd.es.com (Paul Martz).

+

Thanks to Monty Brandenberg, mcbinc@world.std.com, for his +assistance and solution to the unaligned access messages on Digital +UNIX.

+

Thanks to Christophe Magneville, cmv@hep.saclay.cea.fr, for finding +an array subscript and a numeric overflow problem in libastro.

+

Thanks to Jean-Etienne Lamiaud for a fix to +prevent gif color tables from hogging more than their share of X +colormap entries, many corrections to xephem_sites, and a nice speedup +to +Sky View depth sorting.

+

Thanks to Egil Kvaleberg, egil@kvaleberg.no, for key idea on how to +support 8 bit FITS images.

+

Thanks to Stuart Levy, slevy@ncsa.uiuc.edu, for his work converting +the Tycho ESA mission database +adc.gsfc.nasa.gov:/pub/adc/archives/catalogs/1/1239 into xe format.

+

Images of Saturn from STScI.

+

Many formulas and tables are based, with permission, on material +found in: "Astronomy with your Personal Computer" by Dr. Peter +Duffett-Smith, Cambridge University Press, (c) 1985.

+

The high precision planet positions were implemented for XEphem by +Michael Sternberg <sternberg@physik.tu-chemnitz.de> based on the +papers

+
    +
  1. "Planetary Theories in rectangular and spherical variables: +VSOP87 solution" by Bretagnon P., Francou G., in Astron. Astrophys. +202, 309 (1988), ftp://ftp.bdl.fr/pub/ephem/planets/vsop87/, and
    2. +
  2. "Representation of planetary ephemerides by frequency analysis. +Application to the five outer planets" by Chapront J., Astron. +Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 109, 181 (1995), ftp://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/\ +pub/adc/archives/journal_tables/A+AS/109/181.
    3. +
+See the comments in chap25.h and vsop87.h for accuracy estimates. +

The high precision Moon code was also implemented for XEphem by +Mr. Sternberg based on code supplied by Stephen L. Moshier +<moshier@world.std.com> at +ftp://ftp.std.com/pub/astronomy/selenog.zip. Mr. Sternberg also +incorporated the algorithm for deltaT, based on code also provided by +Mr. Moshier. See the comments in deltat.c for full references. My +greatest thanks to Messrs. Sternberg and Moshier for their generous +and kind assistance in making XEphem a program of first-class accuracy.

+

The improved lunar libration trig series fit to JPL DE403 was +provided by Stephen L. Moshier, <moshier@world.std.com>.

+

Many thanks to Michael Naumann, Michael.Naumann@eso.org, and Miguel +Albrecht, malbrech@eso.org, at ESO and Tim Kimball, archive@stsci.edu, +at STScI for their help and support accessing the DSS at their +institutions. And thanks to ESO and STScI in general for offering this +service at all.

+

Thanks to Seiichi Yoshida, seiichi@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp, for +a subtle fix to the constellation code in 3.1.

+

The sample spacecraft elements were furnished by Ron Baalke, +baalke@jpl.nasa.gov.

+

Thanks to Vance Haemmerle, vance@toyvax.Tucson.AZ.US, for his +updated and appended lists of spacecraft elements, and work on +improvements to the solar system plotting of long-period trail +sequences.

+

Thanks to Jeroen Valkonet (jeroenv@cvi.ns.nl) for planting the seed +which grew into the new bitmap clipmask approach of drawing the stars.

+

Thanks to Jim Bell, jimbo@cuspif.tn.cornell.edu, and the team at +Mars Watch for encourage, support and ideas for the first Mars albedo +map in XEphem. The map as of Version 3.3 is from +http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/mars.html +

+

Thanks to Dimitromanolakis Apostolos <apdim@grecian.net> for +his contribution leading to support for fetching DSS in gzipped form.

+

Thanks to Miguel Albrecht, malbrech@serv2.hq.eso.org, at ESO for +his assistance and support of their fine Web access facilities to the +GSC.

+

Rotated trail text uses the xvertext package. Here is the copyright:

+
xvertext 5.0, Copyright (c) 1993 Alan Richardson +(mppa3@uk.ac.sussex.syma) +

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software +and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby +granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all +copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice +appear in supporting documentation. All work developed as a +consequence of the use of this program should duly acknowledge such +use. No representations are made about the suitability of this +software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or +implied warranty.

+
+IC.edb was submitted by Christos Siopis, siopis@astro.ufl.edu. +

Constellation algorithm is from a paper by Nancy G. Roman, +"Identification of a constellation from a position", Publications of +the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 99, p. 695-699, July +1987. Before 3.6 the figures were the work of Chris Marriot. The list +of +boundaries is derived from the three files constell.1875.data, +constell.1875.hdr and constell.doc at +ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/FAQ/.
+

+

The WCS solver algorithm technique was inspired by a paper by Frank +Valdes in PASP, vol 107, page 1119 (1995).
+

+

New version of Gemini constellation by Lutz Maendle, +lmaendle@csi.com.

+

Thanks to Dr. Harald Fischer (fischer@vs-ulm.dasa.de) for the GPS +awk routine and sample position database.

+

The high-precision precession routine is from 1989 Astronomical +Almanac, as interpreted by Craig Counterman. Mr. Counterman also +deserves the credit for providing the initial encouragement to write +an astronomical tool specifically for X Windows back in 1990, and for +significant assistance while developing the heliocentric models.

+

The Earth map is derived from data supplied with xearth which +included the following notice:

+
Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994 Kirk Lauritz Johnson +

Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this +software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted +without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all +copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission +notice appear in supporting documentation. The author makes no +representations about the suitability of this software for any +purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

+

THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, +INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN +NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR +CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS +OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, +NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION +WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

+
+

The Earth shaded elevation relief map shipped with XEphem 3.6 is +from the +National Geophysical +Data Center. The one with 3.7.6 is from +http://www.shadedrelief.com/world_relief/download.html +

+

The pulsar and Radio databases are based on lists supplied by Robert +Payne, rpayne@nrao.edu. Errors in converting to XEphem are mine.

+

The lunar image is based on one I found surfing at: +ftp://seds.lpl.arizona.edu /pub/images/planets/moon/fullmoon.gif. The +calculations for the longitude of the terminator and the solar +altitude are based on the program colong.bas by David Bruning and +Richard Talcott, published in _Astronomy_, October 1995, page 76.

+

Thanks to Richard Clark (rclark@lpl.arizona.edu) for an improved +version of anomaly.c.

+

A great source of comet information is http://encke.jpl.nasa.gov +

+

Special thanks to Uwe Bonnes, bon@LTE.E-TECHNIK.uni-erlangen.de, +and Ralphe Neill, ran@rdt.monash.edu.au, for their many ideas and +support.

+

Many test cases were gleaned from the pages of Sky and Telescope, +(C) Sky Publishing Corp.

+

Many of the sample cities in the "xephem_sites" file are from the +xsat program, which included the following notice:

+
Copyright 1992 by David A. Curry +

Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this +software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted +without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all +copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission +notice appear in supporting documentation. The author makes no +representations about the suitability of this software for any +purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

+
+

Most of the sample observatories in the "xephem_sites" file are +transcribed, with permission, from the table beginning on page 28 in +the July 1993 issue of Sky and Telescope. Any errors in transcription +are strictly my own.

+

Thanks to Lowell Observatory and the Minor Planet Center for +maintaining their huge lists of asteroids. See +ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/elgb/astorb.html + and +http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/mpc.html +, respectively.

+

Thanks to the National Space Science Data Center and the Smithsonian +Astrophysical Observatory for the SAO star catalogue.

+

Thanks to the members of the Saguaro Astronomy Club for the +preparation and free distribution of their deep-sky database. Any +errors +in conversion to the .edb format are strictly mine.

+

Thanks to Chris Beecroft <aldebaransys@home.com> for his +encouragement and technical assistance in adding postscript. The +limited +results in no way reflect on his capabilities. Initial encouragement +was +also received from Frank M. Siegert +<frank@miranda.tue.schwaben.de>. And thanks to everyone who has +asked for printing over the years -- I now admit that I like it too!

+

Bright stars are based on the 5th Revised edition of the Yale Bright +Star Catalog, 1991, from +ftp://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/adc/archives/catalogs/5/5050. Common names +supplied by Robert Tidd (inp@violet.berkeley.edu) and Alan Paeth +(awpaeth@watcgl.waterloo.edu). Any errors in conversion to the .edb +format are strictly mine.

+

I wish to thank all the organizations behind the incredible Internet +for its maintenance and free and easy access. I also wish to express +my hope that it retains the spirit of cordial cooperation it fostered +in its formative years.

+

I learned most of what I know of X Windows and Motif programming +from ICS courses and material found in the various excellent texts +from O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.

+

Thanks to MIT and the X Consortium for inventing, championing and +maintaining the X Window system, and the various contributing +organizations to the Open Software Foundation for Motif. Their vision +of network-aware graphics is still unmatched.

+

Similarly, I will be forever indebted to all who contributed to +UNIX. My passion and appreciation for this remarkable operating system +matured while I enjoyed four wonderful years at Kitt Peak National +Observatory (now the National Optical Astronomical Observatory), +Tucson, AZ, in the early 80's. As with X, UNIX plays a central role in +my enjoyment of a career in scientific computing.

+

It was at KPNO where I met the late Dr. W. Richard Stevens, a fellow +champion of the elegance of the UNIX architecture, life-long friend +and mentor.

+

Special thanks to all the folks over the years who have provided +innumerable ideas, suggestions and bug reports, both for XEphem and +its ancestor, ephem. A major benefit to writing and distributing these +programs has been the chance to make many friends from around the +world.

+

Elwood Downey ecdowney@ClearSkyInstitute.com

+


+

+

11.0 Notes

+

11.1 Horizon

+XEphem uses a horizontal plane tangent to the Earth at Elev feet +above sea level as the horizon for all altitude calculations, rise/set +events, etc. Due to Earth's curvature, this is not the same as the +angle up from the local horizon unless the observer is directly on the +ground. The effect can be found from:
+
sin(a)**2 += (h**2 + 2Rh) / (R+h)**2
+
+where:
+
R = radius of earth
+h = height above ground (same units as R)
+a = increase in altitude
+
+The effect is remarkably significant. For example, it is more than +two arc minutes at a height of just 5 feet.
+
+

11.2 glob Patterns
+

+Some of the searches in XEphem can be performed using glob patterns. +The term glob refers to a limited form of pattern matching (limited +with respect to the more capable "regular expression") historically +originating in the UNIX shells for the purposes of specifying a +collection of file names. In XEphem the glob patterns are implemented +using the fnmatch() POSIX function. On GNU systems the flag +FNM_CASEFOLD can be used to make the pattern case insensitive. A glob +pattern is a set of normal text characters interspersed with any of the +following special characters known as wildcards:
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
glob wildcard
+ 		Meaning
+
+
?
+
+ 		matches exactly one character
+
*
+
+ 		matches zero or more characters
+
[abc]
+
+ 		matches any one of the specified characters. A +pair of +characters separated by a hyphen denotes a range expression such that +any character  that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, +is matched. If the first character following the [ is a !  or a ^ +then any character not enclosed is matched.
+
+For example, if a list of candidates consists of the following:
+
+    abc
+    aabc
+    abbc
+    acc
+    adc
+
+then the pattern a* matches all; ab* matches abc and abbc; a[ac]* +matches aabc and abbc; a?c matches abc, acc and adc; a[a-c]c matches +abc and acc; a[^a-c]c matches adc; and *b* matches abc, aabc and abbc.
+   
+

11.3 Accuracy

+In the period 1689 through 2247 Jupiter and beyond use CHAPRONT J., +Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 109, 181 (1995), otherwise all planetary +ephemerides except Pluto use VSOP87 from Bretagnon P., Francou G., +Astron. Astrophys. 202, 309 (1988). Compared with JPL DE200 for +Mercury, Venus and Mars the accuracy of this model rises to 1" at the +ends of the year range 2000 +/- 4000. For Jupiter and Saturn, the 1" +range is 2000 +/- 2000. For Uranus and Neptune, it is 2000 +/- 6000.
+
+Lunar ephemerides are from S. L. Moshier, December, 1996, available +from ftp://ftp.std.com/pub/astronomy/selenog.zip. Compared with JPL +DE404 the accuracy is better than 0.5" for the period -1369 to +2950.
+
+Other heliocentric objects are well within one arc minute at the time +of the epoch of their elements; this steadily worsens with time since +XEphem does not apply perturbations.
+
+Using a GPS position locator and transit, I have independently verified +Sun and Moon limb rise and set times are accurate to within one minute +and azimuths are within about 0.1 degree.
+
+The natural satellite model from BDL used for 1999-2010 is stated as +good to 1/2 arcsecond accuracy. In my tests against JPL DE405 I would +say this is true about 50% of the time, with a worst case of about 4 +AS.
+
+

11.4 TODO

+The following is the current list of future ideas for XEphem. Thanks +to all who have made suggestions. Please let me know your priorities +or suggest more.
+
    +
  • write a tool to find g/k from a set of predicted magnitudes.
    • +
  • display occultation path between *any* two objects in the Earth +view
    • +
  • add sidereal day and month trail intervals.
    • +
  • just label month and year tickmarks in trails when they change
    • +
  • comet tail pointer
    • +
  • meteor showers, (dedalus)
    • +
  • Iridium flares
    • +
  • option for rise/set info to be Today or Next.
    • +
  • add "Plot JD as date" to plot display
    • +
  • use better earth shape model
    • +
  • add T » F and F » T to Binary
    • +
  • use user-defined horizon for rise/set calculations
    • +
  • way to repeat the Solver for more solutions, as in "solver in a +loop"
    • +
  • expand .edb to capture real variables
    • +
  • more hot-keys
    • +
  • month of lunar phases
    • +
  • Jup and Sat moon timelines and events, ala S&T
    • +
  • separate Telescope view window
    • +
  • connect trails with spline not just line segments
    • +
  • direct connections to Simbad and NED
    • +
  • plot in polar coords
    • +
  • automatic initial Go
    • +
  • topocentric lunations
    • +
  • individual control over trails in sol system
    • +
  • provide a means to save and install multiple color+font schemes.
    • +
  • tool to generate MPC astrometric report
    • +
  • draggable eyepieces
    • +
  • text entry fields to allow higher-precision eyepiece size and PA
    • +
+

11.5 Known Bugs

+
    +
  • Preferences » Time Zone does not update dates of FM/NM if +they happen +to squirm.
    • +
  • length of night wrong when savings time causes dusk after +midnight
    • +
  • center constellation names based on boundaries rather than on +figures
    • +
  • solar trails don't account for long-term (10's of years) +precession
    • +
  • plot's View settings are not Saveable.
    • +
  • figure out calendar prior to Oct 1752.
    • +
  • Sky View trails are not always clipped properly against a user-defined +horizon
    • +
  • The visual magnitudes for all solar system bodies except the +planets do not take into account the phase.
    • +
  • Changing equinox or geo/topo then update, moon view tables do not +update.
    • +
  • Time not correct when system set to POSIX time
    • +
  • Earth satellites are not plotted in Sky View correctly in +geocentric&altaz mode (use geocentric&radec mode).
    +
    • +
+

11.6 History

+In 1981 I purchased a genuine IBM PC. Soon I was building a character +oriented program in C for DOS that displayed ephemeris data, packing as +much as possible on the character-based 24x80 display. That program was +called ephem because it was +as much of the +word ephemeris that would fit +in 8 characters and still retain some sensible meaning. I was using +UNIX at work +so +I made sure it would run there too using the curses library. In +1989 I took a course in Motif. By 1990 it seemed to +have won the UNIX desktop wars so I started converting ephem to +Motif+UNIX. The convention for naming X Window System programs was to +add an x prefix so that +program +was named xephem. I have been +diddling with it ever since. The original ephem is still available.
+ + diff --git a/Site/index.html b/Site/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74328e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + + + XEphem 3.7.7 + + + + + + diff --git a/Site/indexpane.html b/Site/indexpane.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7e9422 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/indexpane.html @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ +

+ +
+ +

+CSI Inc +invites you to explore the features of XEphem. Just +click on the items below for more information at right. + +

+
+ +
    +
  • + Introduction +
  • + Change log + +

    + +

  • + Ref Manual +
  • + Free download +
  • + User contrib +
  • + User feedback +
  • + Forum +
  • + FAQ + +

    + +

    +

    +
    +

    + +
    Sky map +

    + +
    Telescope control +

    + +
    Image analysis +

    + +
    SOHO +

    + +
    WCS Solver +

    + +
    Satellite tracks +

    + +
    Binary systems +

    + +
    Global weather +

    + +
    3d Solar System +

    + +
    Moon +

    + +
    Mars +

    + +
    Jupiter +

    + +
    Saturn +

    + +
    Uranus +

    + +
    Plotting +

    + +
    Night at a Glance + +

    + Main window +

    + Data table +

    + Observers logbook +

    + Web data +

    +

    +

    +
    + + + diff --git a/Site/intro-hzn.png b/Site/intro-hzn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ceae93 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/intro-hzn.png differ diff --git a/Site/intro-moon.png b/Site/intro-moon.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dff245 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/intro-moon.png differ diff --git a/Site/intro.html b/Site/intro.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22f420c --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/intro.html @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + +XEphem: The Cross-Platform Astronomy Software + + + + + + + + + +
    +
+
    + + + + +
    + + + +
    + +
    + (icon background by + Galaxy Photography) + + +
    + + The Serious* Interactive + +
    + + Astronomical Software Ephemeris + +
    + Version 3.7.7 + +
    + +     		+ +
    + + + + + + +
    + +
    +
    + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    + + +
    + * "It takes some getting used to, but it's worth the effort. Once you + understand its peculiarities, you'll find that XEphem can do just about + anything you ask ...". Quoted with permission from + Astronomy Hacks + Copyright © 2005 Robert Bruce Thompson and Barbara Fritchman Thompson. + 
    +
    + +
    + + XEphem  \eks-i-'fem\   n.   + [X Window System + Ephemeris]   (1990) : + + +
    1. +

    + From Xceptional Astronomical Software + by Jeff Medkeff, Sky and Telescope magazine February 2000, page 65: +

    + "XEphem, the brainchild of programmer Elwood Downey, is a star-charting, + sky-simulating, ephemeris-generating celestial virtuoso that can do + just about everything ... what's not to like?" +
    + +

    + From X Marks the Spot + by David Ratledge, Sky and Telescope magazine August 2002, page 67: +

    + "If everyday sky charting is all you want, then one of several more + user-friendly and cheaper Windows packages will suffice. However, that's + not what XEphem is all about. It's for those who need that little + extra and are willing to put the effort in to achieve it. If, like me, + you are in that category then I would certainly recommend XEphem." +
    + +

    + +

    +

    		+ +
    2. + The scientific-grade interactive astronomical ephemeris software + package for UNIX-like* systems. Written in C, X11 and Motif with full + source code + freely available, easily ported to systems including: +
      +
    • Mac OSX Intel (screen shot) +
    • Linux +
    • FreeBSD +
    • Solaris +
    • AIX +
    • HP-UX +
    • OpenVMS +
    + +

    + * XEphem does not run under native Windows but it works fine + using a virtualization toolkit such as + Virtualbox and + a free linux distro such as + OpenSUSE. + +

    +

    		+ +
    + Thank you for your interest in XEphem. Feel free to browse by clicking on + the screen shots above and from the panel at the left for more + information. For specific questions, contact us at + + xephem@ClearSkyInstitute.com. + +
    + + + diff --git a/Site/jupiter-tn.gif b/Site/jupiter-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d90544 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/jupiter-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/jupiter.html b/Site/jupiter.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4eef72c --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/jupiter.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + +XEphem: Jupiter view + + + + +
    +
    + +Display top and front views of Jupiter image projected for correct +Earth viewpoint, with Galilean moons, shadows and full quantitative data in +tabular form. + + +

    + + + + + + + diff --git a/Site/jupiter.png b/Site/jupiter.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9aada1b Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/jupiter.png differ diff --git a/Site/mailbag.html b/Site/mailbag.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..944ec14 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/mailbag.html @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ + + +XEphem Testimonials + + + + + +

    +

    +

    What our users tell us about XEphem: +

    +
    + +
      +

    • + "I would just like to thank you for an excellent piece of software + [3.7.6], and such good service. I really can recommend anyone who is + running the free version to buy the full one. I think it's the best + possible program for observers, not as slick as others but with far + greater depths. Excellent!" J.F. + +

    • + "Love it [3.7.4] and rely on it." C.M. + +

    • + "Your program (3.7.5-RC11) is really nice; I tried it out and found, it makes good ephemeris tables, + has flexible timepoints (even moonrise/moonset) and explains very good how + the numbers (angles, times...) are defined." + M.F. + +

    • + "Thanks for such a great product [3.7.4]! There are other good astro tools out there for + linux, but I really appreciate a lot of the functions that XEphem supplies. I love it! + I've been using Xephem for a number of years now." C.F. + +

    • + "Xephem [3.7.4]... the greatest sky program ever written. Thank you so so + much." D.H. + +

    • + "I love this product [3.7.4]. I'm a graduate student in Astronomy and + use it both in planning for, and during my hosted public observing + sessions, my research observing sessions and my personal amateur sessions. + There's nothing better. It's lightweight yet powerful, very configurable + and has an incredibly compact display considering all the information it + conveys." L.N. + +

    • + "XEphem [3.7.3] is truly a great program. Thank you for it, and for the + good support." L.B. + +

    • + "I bought Xephem few years back and I never regret it. Product is nice, + stable, and full with features." I.M. + +

    • + "Overall, a wonderful job and I hope to have a lot of fun with this + program [3.7.3]." M.T. + +

    • + "I have found xephem [3.7.2] very enjoyable. I find it accurate, flexible, + and easy to use. I have used many of its vast array of features." anon + +

    • + "I like your program [3.7.2] and appreciate all the effort that went into + it. I am using it on Mac OS X Leopard. You are very kind to provide so + robust a program for such a low price!". C.M. + +

    • + "Really enjoying this Xephem software [3.7.2], very powerful and full of + surprises. Just amazing to have this on the Linux system. As a ham radio + operator and backyard astronomer as well as earthquake precursor reseacher + I find this software to very helpful in a number of areas." M. + +

    • + "I've been using Xephem for a long, long time it seems. It's + always been a fantastic program and was probably one of the motivating + reasons for me to experiment with Linux back in '93." K.F. + +

    • + "I've been using Xephem for years for education, for public + nights, and for help. It is a terrific tool." C.C. + +

    • + "I have had hours of fun with xephem. Thanks again for a wonderful piece + of software." W.C. + +

    • + "I find XEphem [3.7.1] a bit addictive. I've been playing with it while I + should be doing other things! ;-)" R.L. + +

    • + "I have been using XEphem for a little under a month + now, and find it to be exceptional. It does more than I + will ever need. I was used to The Sky (had since it was + called EZ Cosmos) and recently Cartes Du Ciel. + I think that XEphem is as good, or better than those + hands down. (considering all that it does)" A.M. + +

    • + "... XEphem [3.7] ... is really an excellent piece of software. Thank you + for doing this outstanding work!" F.J. + +

    • + "I tried many other planetarium software, but this [3.7] is by far the + best. I look forward to use it with my telescope after my CCD camera is + build (Audine). Thanks for this excelent software." I.M. + +

    • + "I bought XEpehem 3.7 for MacOS X and love it." F.G. + +

    • + "I must say XEphem [3.7] looks way cool on my iMac G5's 20 inch screen :)" + R.B. + +

    • + "I love the software [3.7]. It's my primary tool for running my LX200 + classic." J.B. + +

    • + "I managed to install it [3.7] just fine on OS X 10.3.9, and I ran it... + and I'm impressed! It's faaaaaaantastic!" A.D. + +

    • + "Keep up the good work, I've tried nearly all + astronomy software in the last four years (some + commercial, mostly freeware) they all do the job okay + but none of them are as fascinating as XEphem [3.6], + honestly. I love the rendering of the sky view, it looks real + without excess. Excellent help file also." M.J. + +

    • + "I like XEphem very much. I have previously used starry night, which + looks nice but have found it unsatisfying to use (I'm not quite sure + why). XEphem certainly has a steeper learning curve but I am + discovering that everything I need is there. It works very nicely." R.A. + +

    • + "I'm so impressed that you have taken the software [3.6] in this + direction. I'm especially pleased that I will now be able to stop using + windows and only use my solaris machines to control my LX200s." L.R. + +

    • + "The collection of data and other files really "makes" + the product [3.6] and it's installation a snap. I compiled the source, + looked at the product, and then downloaded the commercial version. The + commercial version was a long download, but, it was really easy to + install. Before this, I worked with the main Windoze astronomy + products, believe me Xephem is a bargain for the price." D.H. + +

    • + "I have used XEphem since version 3.4 and I'm still here [3.6], + thank's for producing a great piece of software." C.I. + +

    • + "The added and improved features from 3.5.2 [to 3.6.4] are outstanding. I + was surprised to see that the Sky View even _looked_ prettier (I never + thought it looked bad, but somehow it's eyecandier now)." G.B. + +

    • + "Whow! The improvement from XEphem 3.5 to 3.6 has really impressed me. + Please, continue the development of this wonderfull software. XEphem is + my favorite planetary program. But to me, the most convincing feature are + its elaborate plotting routines." V.H. + +

    • + "First and foremost, this program far exceeds what I ever expected to + find. Every time I would think that I'd just about covered it all, I'd + find a new feature. (The manual is, after all, about 100 pages long.) + Thanks for such an awesome open source program!" J.N. + +

    • + "I've got to tell you that this [3.6] is one of the finest pieces of + software that I've ever encountered. I have several planetarium programs + (mostly windows versions, uggghhhh) and none of them are up to the calibre + of this one." M.A. + +

    • + "I downloaded [3.6] and built the executables for Linux [RedHat] Version 9. + Everything is working well and I am very excited about the package." + J.B. + +

    • + "I've had a look at the software over the weekend and am extremely + impressed. At least as good or better than the Windows software I've + been using so far." J.S. + +

    • + "Received and installed XEphem version 3.6 on Mandrake 9.2. A + beautifully crafted piece of software." L.L. + +

    • + "VERY impressed with the capabilities and depth of help you've created for + your program...not to mention ease of installation (iBook, OS X.1) and + stability. Way to go! Something that I use it for frequently is to solve + for plate constants in my CCD images and insert the WCS keywords in my + FITS headers. For some reason, the Xephem routine seems to be more + successful in finding a solution than other applications I've tried." T.H. + +

    • + "I just received my XEphem disk today and have been playing with it all + afternoon. It is a superb piece of work. I'm amazed at how many + features it has, and that all of them are actually useful features! It + is a far better program than any of the others I have seen." D.J. + +

    • + "Thank you for developing an awesome ephemeris/and real astronomy + program. The wealth of information keeps an amateur astronomer + like myself with a very valuable astronomical tool for all purposes." + J.R. + +

    • + "Great software! Running under MacOS X." D.I. + +

    • + "Thank you very much for this fantastic software! + I tried your XEphem 3.2 in a Eso-Midas distribution, and I was really + impressed! With the new distribution, 3.4, found in Suse Linux 7.2, my + good impression get even better." D.V.G. + +

    • + "I installed XEphem in my Linux machine. I found it great!! Really a nice + job." L.F. + +

    • + "I was looking for Astronomy software that was fully complete in + features that also would run on OS X. I did not want to beta test for + the companies that are developing their software in transition to OS + X .. and I've already been burned by RED Shift for the mac." P.M. + +

    • + "Thanks for the help on the LX200 interface. You were exactly right when + you said that once it works it is a lot of fun!" M.M. + +

    • + "Love the software, linux platform." S.B. + +

    • + "Cool! Thanks for the prompt response. BTW, now that I + have the manual and know more about what the sucker can do I'm even more + impressed! Nice work!!" T.H. + +

    • + "I am enjoying your program. It must be extremely satisfying to have + developed such a piece of work. Kudos to you." M.W. + + +
    + + + diff --git a/Site/main.html b/Site/main.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71abd9f --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/main.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + +XEphem: Main Control Window + + + + +
    +
    + +The main XEphem window sets local circumstances, contols time +and is the gateway to all other tools and displays. + +
    +
+
+
    +

    + + + + + + + diff --git a/Site/main.png b/Site/main.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e7be3b Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/main.png differ diff --git a/Site/mars-tn.png b/Site/mars-tn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc5fb57 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/mars-tn.png differ diff --git a/Site/mars.html b/Site/mars.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76f64f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/mars.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + +XEphem: Mars view + + + + +

    +
    + +Display detailed image of Mars projected for correct Earth viewpoint, with +moons and full quantitative data in tabular form. + + +

    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/Site/mars.png b/Site/mars.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0800ef5 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/mars.png differ diff --git a/Site/moon-tn.gif b/Site/moon-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e54b2cb Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/moon-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/moon.html b/Site/moon.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..105261a --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/moon.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + +XEphem: Moon view + + + + +

    +
    + +Display Moon image lit for correct Earth viewpoint, with full quantitative +data in tabular form. See all features up close with Lunar Orbiter IV imagery. + + +

    + + + + + + + + diff --git a/Site/moon.png b/Site/moon.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..086ebe8 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/moon.png differ diff --git a/Site/naag-tn.gif b/Site/naag-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..225780e Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/naag-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/naag.gif b/Site/naag.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92e675f Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/naag.gif differ diff --git a/Site/naag.html b/Site/naag.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9309d63 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/naag.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + +XEphem: Night at a Glance + + + + +

    +
    + +Easily see when any of your favorite objects are +up over a 24 hour period centered on midnight tonight. + +

    + + + + diff --git a/Site/obslog.html b/Site/obslog.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e93f009 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/obslog.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + +XEphem: Observer's logbook + + + + +

    +
    + +Store notes and equipment in your own online XML logbook, with +circumstances automatically filled in. Search on fields for customized +referencing. +

    + + + diff --git a/Site/obslog.png b/Site/obslog.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd398df Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/obslog.png differ diff --git a/Site/osxshot.png b/Site/osxshot.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c11995 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/osxshot.png differ diff --git a/Site/plot-tn.gif b/Site/plot-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a10039 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/plot-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/plot.html b/Site/plot.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fae9bc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/plot.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + +XEphem: Plotting function + + + + +

    +
    + +Choose any number of pairs of any two data fields throughout XEphem +and plot one against the other. + +

    + + + + + diff --git a/Site/plot.png b/Site/plot.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..245e713 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/plot.png differ diff --git a/Site/saturn-tn.png b/Site/saturn-tn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cd42a6 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/saturn-tn.png differ diff --git a/Site/saturn.html b/Site/saturn.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..626c365 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/saturn.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + +XEphem: Saturn view + + + + +

    +
    + +Display top and bottom schematic view of Saturn and its moons projected +for correct Earth viewpoint, with full quantitative data in tabular form. + + +

    + + + diff --git a/Site/saturn.png b/Site/saturn.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd9763f Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/saturn.png differ diff --git a/Site/skyip-tn.gif b/Site/skyip-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0506d94 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/skyip-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/skyip.gif b/Site/skyip.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58eda59 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/skyip.gif differ diff --git a/Site/skyip.html b/Site/skyip.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e4cc0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/skyip.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + +XEphem: Sky View + + + + +

    +
    + +Image measurements include contrast, magnifying glass, three modes of +statistics, unique Monument mode, cross-sectional slice, sub-pixel astrometry +and relative photometry based on 2D Gaussian fits. +

    (Please scroll down, there are three sets of images and controls) + +

    + + + + + diff --git a/Site/skyview-tn.gif b/Site/skyview-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..298c358 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/skyview-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/skyview.html b/Site/skyview.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c4f046 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/skyview.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + +XEphem: Sky View + + + + +

    +
    + +Highly configurable interactive Sky View, including local Horizon mode +(please scroll down for second image). +

    + + + + + diff --git a/Site/skyview.png b/Site/skyview.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f586cd Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/skyview.png differ diff --git a/Site/solsys-tn.gif b/Site/solsys-tn.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da27e77 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/solsys-tn.gif differ diff --git a/Site/solsys.gif b/Site/solsys.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c232671 Binary files /dev/null and b/Site/solsys.gif differ diff --git a/Site/solsys.html b/Site/solsys.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..657ce43 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/solsys.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + +XEphem: Solar System view + + + + +

    +
    + +3D projection and true stereo views of the solar system, perfect for +visualizing comet paths. +

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    +
    + +Near real-time Solar images from the +SOHO +spacecraft. Download, save and view images from 8 data products in three +size formats. +

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    +
    + +Display top and bottom schematic view of Uranus and its moons projected +for correct Earth viewpoint, with full quantitative data in tabular form. + + +

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    +
    + +Starting with an image and an estimate of the central position, pixel +scale and scene rotation, XEphem can automatically compute an accurate World +Coordinate System solution. This allows accurate RA/Dec to be computed for all +locations throughout the image. +

    + + + + + diff --git a/Site/webmenu.html b/Site/webmenu.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a821043 --- /dev/null +++ b/Site/webmenu.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + +XEphem: Web Data updates + + + + +

    +
    + +One-click to update Earth satellite, comet and asteroid orbital elements +from the respective premier Web sites. + +

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